• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.43.1-43
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.43.2-43
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 1985

Systemic extrogen therapy promotes multiple preantral follicular development in immature mice. Estrogen pretreated ovaries might therefore be a useful source of cells for in vitro studies of oocytes maturation. Silastic capsules (5.0 mm length; 3.18 mm outer diameter, 1.57 mm inner diameter) filled with diethylstilbesterol were implanted subcutaneously in experimental mice (ICR) for up to 6 days. Ovarian weight and histology in diethylstilbesterol pretreated and control animal were assessed before and after pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin treatment and after human chorionic gonadotrophin. The following results were obtained; 1. Ovarian weight was significantly increased by 6 days of diethylstilbesterol pretreatment. Subsequent ovarian weight gain in response to pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin was increased. 2. Diethylstilnbesterol pretreatment stimulated the developed healthy preantral follicles. 3. Forty eight hours after pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin treatment, a larger number of the antral follicles which developed in diethylstilbesterol pretreated animals showed signs of atresia, whereas in the control ovaries there was a higher incidence of premature luteinization. 4. Forty eight hours after human chorionic gonadotrophin, numerous corpora lutea and occasional luteinized unruptured follicles were present in both control and diethylstilbesterol ovaries. 5. Ovulation rate, fertilization rate and subsequent preimplantation development in vitro were not adversely affected by diethylstilbesterol pretreatment. However, there was considerable variation in the ovulation rate the number of animals with more than 60 ovulations was greater in the diethylstilbesterol gorup (52.4%) as compared to the control (33.3%).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.563-567
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• 2007

This study evaluated the effect of ANTORIN R-10(pFSH), a commercially available follicle stimulating hormone on ovarian morphology, on follicular development and serum estradiol levels in rats. Immature female Wistar S/T rats(27 day old; 80-100 g B.wt) maintained under controlled environmental conditions($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$; 50% humidity; 12 h light/12 h dark cycle) with free access to standard laboratory feed and tap water were utilized. Animals were allowed to acclimatize to the new environment for at least 2 weeks before being included in the experiment. Rats were randomly allotted to 5 groups(Control, SL 0.1AU, SH 0.2AU, TL 0.1AU and TH 0.2AU). ANTORIN R-10 was subcutaneously injected twice daily for 3 days. Twenty hours after hormone treatment, blood was collected to estimate the serum estradiol $17-\beta$ concentration. Immediately, all rats were sacrificed and the ovarian morphology, ovary weight and number of follicles were recorded. Ovaries were fixed for histomorphological examination. Higher standard and treatment groups were significantly increased on ovary weight and the number of follicles more than 1mm compared with lower standard and treatment. However, no difference revealed between standard and treatment groups. ANTORIN R-10 was similar effects of follicles development and maturation compared with House standard FSH.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1071-1086
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• 2003

Reproductive biotechnologies continue to be developed for genetic improvement of both river and swamp buffalo. Although artificial insemination using frozen semen emerged some decades back, there are still considerable limitations. The major problem appears to be the lack of efficient methods for estrus detection and timely insemination. Controlled breeding experiments in the buffalo had been limited and similar to those applied in cattle. Studies on multiple ovulation and embryo transfer are essentially a replica of those in cattle, however with inherent problems such as lower number of primordial follicles on the buffalo ovary, poor fertility and seasonality of reproduction, lower population of antral follicles at all stages of the estrous cycle, poor endocrine status and a high incidence of deep atresia in ovarian follicles, the response in terms of transferable embryo recovery has remained low with 0.51 to 3.0 per donor and pregnancy rates between 15 to 30%. In vitro production of buffalo embryos is a valid alternative to recovery of embryos by superovulation. This aspect received considerable attention during the past decade, however the proportion of embryos that develops to the blastocyst stage is still around 25-30% and hence the in vitro culture procedures need substantial improvement. Embryo cryopreservation procedures for direct transfer post thaw need to be developed for bubaline embryos. Nuclear transfer and embryo cloning is a technique that has received attention in various species during recent years and can be of immense value in buffaloes as they have a low rate of embryo recoveries by both in vitro and in vivo procedures. Gender pre-selection, genome analysis, gene mapping and gene transfer are a few of the techniques that have been studied to a limited extent during recent years and are likely to be included in future studies on buffaloes. Very recently, reproductive biotechnologies have been applied to feral buffaloes as well, but the results obtained so far are modest. When fully exploited they can play an important role in the preservation of endangered species.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 1996

Experiments were carried out to ascertain whether gonadotropin or a phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, TPA) induces oocyte ovulation and stimulates prostaglandin synthesis by Rana ovarian follicles in vitro. Rana nigromaculata collected from underground in spring were utilized for the present experiment. Treatment of frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) or TPA to ovarian fragments in culture induced oocyte ovulation in a dose dependent manner and stimulated prostaglandin F2a (PGF$_2$$\alpha$ synthesis. Both treatruents were more effective in inducing the ovulation and PGF$_2$$\alpha$ secretion by the follicles obtained in May than those in April. A Protein kinase C inactivator, 1-(5-isoquinolinyl-sulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine (H-7), or cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (IM) suppressed the FPH- or TPA-induced PGF$_2$$\alpha$ production, but IM failed to suppress the FPH- or TPA-induced ovulation. Time course of oocyte ovulation and PGF$_2$$\alpha$ secretion by FPH and TPA treatments were very similar to each other. FPH stimulated progesterone secretion by the follicle but TPA failed to do so. Taken together, the data presented here suggest that protein kinase C (PKC) in follicle play a role in the ovulation process of Rana nigromaculata, probably via prostaglandin synthesis.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2011

Transducin-like enhancer protein 1(TLE-1) is protein associated with cell proliferation. This study analyzed change of TLE-1 mRNA expression during in vivo and in vitro maturation in porcine oocytes. Oocytes and granulose cells were collected from follicles of <2 mm, 2~6 mm and >6 mm in diameter in slaughtered pig's ovaries. Oocytes collected from follicles of 2~6 mm in diameter were used after in vitro maturation for 0, 10, 20 and 44 h. Cumulus cells and granulose cells were collected after treatment with hyaluronidase. In results, TLE-1 mRNA expression in oocytes collected from follicle >6 mm in diameter is increased, TLE-1 RNA expression in cumulus cells and granulosa cells from follicles <2 mm, 2 mm 6 mm and >6 mm in diameter. However, there is no significant difference. On the other hand, TLE-1 mRNA expression from oocytes cultured for 10 hand 44 h is increased, TLE-1 mRNA in cumulus cells cultured for 10 h is significant increased(p<0.05) than other culture periods. In conclusion, these results show that TLE-1 is expressed in all cell types of oocytes, cumulus cells and granulose cells, and associated with oocyte maturation.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1997

Mammalian ovary consists of various growing stages of follicles. Ovarian follicular growth and differentiation, however, can be distinguished into recruitment, growth, selectiona nd ovulation. while only minute of the selected follicles ovulate their oocytes, all the rest follicles disappear by atresia. this atresia is an important event of which physiological mechanism must be resolved. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of various doses of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the oocyte quality, ovulation rate, and the early embryonic development in immature mice. Immature mice were administrated with 5, 20, or 40 IU PMSG. At every 12 hour up to 72 hour after treatment, body and ovary weights were measured. Oocytes were flushed from the oviducts under the dissecting microscope and observed under the inverted microscope. Late 2-cell embryos were collected from the mice which were superovulated by the same dosage of PMSG followed by 5 IU hCG 47 hours after PMSG-treatment. The percentage of abnormal oocytes was higher in 20 or 40 IU PMSG-treated animals than 5 IU PMSG-treated ones. Ovulation occured at 12 hours afger PMSG injection in all experimental groups. The percentage of retrieved abnormal oocytes increased in the 20 or 40 IU PMSG-treated goups but not in 5 IU PMSG-treated group. There was no significant difference in the mating rate among the groups [52.6% (10/19), 66.7% (10/15), 44.0% (11/25) : 5, 20, 40 IU group respectively] ; however, ther was a significant (p<0.01) increase of embryo retrieval rates in 5 and 20 IU-treated groups compared with that in 40 IU-treated group [89.2% (239-268), 85.5% (224/262), 40.0% (18/45)]. There was significant (p<0.01) increase of embryo development rates in 5 IU-treated group compared with that in 20 and 40 IU-treated group [231/239(96.7), 179/224(79.9), 77.8(14/18)]. In conclusion, higher doses of PMSG injection increased the occurrence of abnormal oocytes ovulation in immature mice. The most of oocytes collected from 5 or 20 IU-PMSG-treated group has fertilizabioity. But in mice injected iwth higher doses of PMSG, their oocytes exhibit less fertilizability and, even fertilized, all oocytes are not fully capable of development.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.407-412
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• 2015

We investigated the effect of ultra-high molecular weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (UHMW γ-PGA) on hair loss in vitro and in vivo. 5-Alpha reductase is an enzyme that metabolizes the male hormone testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. By performing an in vitro experiment to analyze the inhibitory effects of UHMW γ-PGA on 5-alpha reductase activity, we determined that UHMW γ-PGA did in fact inhibit 5-alpha reductase activity, indicating the use of UHMW γ-PGA as a potential 5-alpha reductase inhibitor in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. To evaluate the promotion of hair growth in vivo, we topically applied UHMW γ-PGA and minoxidil on the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 mice for 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, the groups treated with UHMW γ-PGA showed hair growth on more than 50% of the shaved skin, whereas the control group showed less hair growth. To investigate the progression of hair follicles in the hair cycle, hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed. Histological observations revealed that the appearance of hair follicles was earlier in the UHMW γ-PGA-treated group than in the control group. The number of hair follicles on the relative area of shaved skin in the UHMW γ-PGA-treated group was higher than that observed on the shaved skin in the control group. These results indicate that UHMW γ-PGA can promote hair growth by effectively inducing the anagen phase in telogenic C57BL/6 mice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2016

Grateloupia elliptica has been reported to have the proliferation effect of dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which play important roles in the regulation of hair cycle. In the present study, we examined in vitro and in vivo hair growth-promoting effect of Grateloupia elliptica. When isolated rat vibrissa follicles were treated with extract of G. elliptica, the hair-fiber lengths of the vibrissa follicles significantly increased. Furthermore, the G. elliptica extract accelerated the telogen-angen transition in C57BL/6 mice. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the G. elliptica extract on the proliferation of DPCs, we examined the activation of $wnt/{\beta}$-catenin signaling which is known to regulate hair follicle development, differentiation and hair growth. The G. elliptica extract activated $wnt/{\beta}$-catenin signaling via the increase of ${\beta}$-catenin and phospho-$GSK3{\beta}$. In addition, the G. elliptica extract increased the level of cyclin E and CDK2, while the level of $p27^{kip1}$ was decreased. These results suggest that the the G. elliptica extract may induce hair growth by proliferation of DPCs via cell-cycle progression and the activation of $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin signaling.