• 제목/요약/키워드: flow separation

검색결과 1,789건 처리시간 0.03초

HPLC 및 ESI-tandom Mass Spectrometry를 이용한 인터넷에서 판매되는 기능성표방식품 중 부정유해물질 모니터링 (Monitoring of Forbidden Medicines as Adulterants in Dietary Supplements Marketed Online by HPLC and ESI-tandom Mass Spectrometry)

  • 이용철;김복순;윤은선;김성단;장민수;박영애;신영;정선옥;이재인;채영주
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.148-154
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    • 2012
  • 인터넷에서 판매되는 건강기능성표방식품 51개를 구매하여 발기부전치료제 5종과 그 유사물질 29종, 이카린, 요힘빈, 시부트라민 그리고 시부트라민 유사물질인 데스메틸시부트라민, 디데스메틸시부트라민 총 39종의 부정유해물질을 3개의 혼합표준용액으로 만든 후 HPLC를 이용하여 총 50분 동안 이동상 용액 A(5 mM sodium hexanesulfonate와 0.1% phosphoric acid을 함유한 물), B(95% acetonitrile) 두 가지를 기울기 용매 조건으로 분석하였다. 검출된 화합물의 확인을 위하여 LC-ESI-tandom MS의 MRM 조건을 최적화하고 정성분석 한 결과 1개의 홍삼제품과 영양보충용제품 2건에서 실데나필과 슈도바데나필, 디메틸티오실데나필성분이 1회 복용량당 1.3-82.1 mg 검출되었으며, 2개의 기타가공품에서 부작용이 우려되어 사용이 금지된 시부트라민의 유사물질인 디데스메틸시부트라민이 각각 1회 복용량 당 2.2, 1.7 mg이 검출되었다. 시중에 판매되는 비아그라의 실데나필 1회 최소복용량은 25 mg으로 시료에서의 검출량은 이보다 높은 수준으로 함유되었으며, 의사의 처방 없이 식품 중에 불법적으로 함유된 이들 물질 혹은 이들의 유사물질은 소비자들의 건강상에 문제를 일으킬 수 있으므로, 시중에 유통되는, 더욱이 온라인 상에서 음성적으로 판매되고 있는 건강관련식품에 대한 모니터링이 지속적으로 필요한 실정이다.

HPLC-UVD를 이용한 축산식품 중 Novobiocin의 시험법 확립 (Establishment of an Analytical Method for Novobiocin in Livestock Products Using HPLC-UVD)

  • 박희라;권찬혁;이종구;김형수;채영식;오재호;권기성
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.263-268
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    • 2012
  • 노보비오신은 동물용의약품 중 약산성 항생제이며, 우리나라의 경우 선진국에 비해 항생제의 사용이 높은 만큼 동물용의약품의 잔류 사례는 계속해서 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 식품 중 잔류동물용의약품의 안전관리를 위해 축산 식품 중 닭고기, 소고기 및 우유에서 노보비오신에 대한 HPLC-UVD를 이용한 잔류 분석법을 확립하였다. 각 시료 일정량에 메탄올을 가하고 균질화하여 대상 성분을 추출하고 액-액분배법으로 지방성분을 제거한다. 대상성분이 추출된 여액을 실리카 카트리지를 이용하여 정제한 다음 HPLC-UVD로 분석하였다. 확립된 시험법의 정량한계와 직선성은 CODEX 기준에 적합한 수준으로 각각 0.02 mg/kg과 0.999 ($r^2$)이었으며 회수율은 닭고기, 소고기 및 우유에서 각각 $88.8{\pm}5.6-100.3{\pm}4.4$, $88.8{\pm}7.2-97.0{\pm}3.2$$88.1{\pm}4.3-92.8{\pm}3.6%$이었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 노보비오신의 시험법은 동물용의약품의 안전관리를 위한 공정시험법으로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

역삼투압막 해수담수화 장치의 미네럴 분리 성능평가 (Efficiency Estimation for Desalination System of Seawater Using Reverse Osmosis Membrane)

  • 문덕수;정동호;김현주;신필권
    • 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2005
  • 삼투압보다 높은 외부압력을 역으로 걸어주면 용매는 용질 농도가 낮은 용액쪽으로 이동하게 되는데 이 현상을 역삼투라고 한다. 역삼투 원리를 이용하여 40-70 기압의 압력구배를 구동력으로 해서 해양심층수의 담수화 적용성을 검토 조사하였다. 역삼투막의 성능에 영향을 미치는 유량과 염제거율에 관한 온도와 압력등 여러 인자들에 관하여 고찰하였다. 온도는 역삼투압 분리막의 유량에 비례하는 반면, 염제거율에 반비례하는 관계를 보이고 있다. 압력은 분리막의 유량과 염제거율에 비례하는 관계를 보였다. $Mg^{2+},\;Ca^{+2},\;Na^+,\;K^+$ 등과 같은 해수의 주성분 미네랄에 대한 역삼투 분리막의 분리특성은 해수와 같은 강전해질 용액에서 전하량이 큰 $Mg^{2+}$$Ca^{2+}$의 염제거율은 99% 이상으로 온도에 비례하는 관계를 보였다. 전하량이 적은 $Na^+$의 염제거율은 98%-99.5%로 2가 이온의 염제거율보다는 낮고, 전하량이 작은 $K^+$ 이온보다는 크게 나타났다. 약산이나 상온에서 기체상태나 유리상태로 존재하는 보론의 배제율은 역삼투 분리 막에서 상당히 낮게 나타나고 대부분 우리나라 먹는물의 수질 기준치를 상회한다. 그러나 보론의 배제율은 온도에 반비례하고 압력에 비례하는 관계를 이용하여 수온 $5^{\circ}C$, 압력 $70kgf/cm^2$의 운전조건에서 생산된 생산수의 보론 농도는 우리나라의 먹는물 수질 기준을 만족한다.

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함수율에 따른 우리밀과 이물의 종말속도에 미치는 영향 (Effect of moisture content on terminal velocities of domestic wheat and foreign materials)

  • 최은정;김훈;김상숙;김의웅
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.746-752
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 국내원맥 중 백중밀 및 조경밀의 성상별 분류를 한 후 정립, 피해립, 이물 중 밀막대 및 밀껍질에서의 함수율 약 9~30%(w.b.) 범위내에서의 천립중, 기하학적 특성 및 기류적인 특징 중 종말속도를 분석하여 함수율간의 상관관계를 구명함으로써 국내밀의 체계적인 수확 후 관리 중 정선, 선별, 운반, 저장 및 도정가공 공정에서의 설계공정 및 기초자료로 활용하고자 연구하였다. 백중밀 및 조경밀의 성상별로 측정된 기하학적 특성 중 장축길이, 단축길이의 값은 백중(정립: 6.57, 3.24 mm, 피해립: 6.16, 2.93 mm), 조경(정립: 6.74, 3.30 mm, 피해립: 6.36, 3.10 mm), 밀막대(21.18, 2.23 mm) 및 밀껍질(19.34, 5.95 mm)로 각각 측정되었다. 함수율에 따른(9.7~29.6%, w.b.) 천립중 및 성상별 종말속도의 값은 함수율이 증가할수록 서서히 증가하였으며, 측정된 천립중은 백중(32.26~41.51 g) 및 조경(45.30~ 63.07 g)로 조경밀이 현저하게 크게 측정되었다. 성상별로 본 종말속도의 범위값은 백중밀 및 조경밀 정립(5.46~7.13, 7.48~8.60 m/sec), 피해립(5.91~7.00, 6.48~7.75 m/sec), 밀막대(2.92~4.07, 3.74~5.22 m/sec), 밀껍질(1.07~1.85, 2.02~2.33 m/sec)로 각각 측정되었다. 백중 및 조경밀의 이물 (밀막대 및 밀껍질)의 종말속도 범위는 밀막대(2.92~5.22 m/sec), 밀껍질(1.07~2.33 m/sec)로 측정되어 이물의 최대값인 5.22 m/sec이하에서는 밀막대 및 밀껍질 선별 및 분리될 것으로 사료된다. 이로써 함수율에 따른 우리밀의 공기역학적 특징 중 종말속도를 측정함으로써 우리밀에 적합한 건조저장시설 및 수확후 관리모델 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

백화사설초의 현탁세포배양에서 Elicitation에 의한 Oleanolic acid 생산성 증대 (Enhanced Production of Oleanolic Acid by the Elicitation in Oldenlandia diffusa Suspension Cell Cultures)

  • 이용일;김동일
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 2004
  • 중국의 약용 식물들은 중국에서 전통적으로 많은 질병을 예방하거나 치료하는데 쓰여 왔다. 백화사설초는 항암 활성을 지닌 중국의 약용 식물 중의 하나이다. Triterpenoid 화합물인 oleanolic acid와 ursolic acid는 이성질체이며 백화사설초에 포함되어있다 이들은 간 보호, 항염증, 항암, 항체형성 촉진 등의 효과가 알려져 있다. 유용물질을 생산할 목적으로 식물세포배양을 이용할 경우에는 배양조건을 제어함에 따라 유용물질을 포함한 세포를 효율적으로 얻을 수 있으며 수확도 쉽다. 따라서 백화사설초로부터 현탁세포를 유도하기 위해 기본적인 생장조절제인 2,4-D와 kinetin을 사용하였다. 무균 조건하에서 발아시킨 백화사설초의 잎을 사용하여 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L kinetin, 30 g/L sucrose가 첨가된 Schenk 및 Hildebrandt 배지에서 캘러스를 처음으로 유도하였다. 백화사설초의 현탁세포 유도와 oleanolic acid의 생산성을 위한 최적의 생장조절제 조건은 0.75 mg/L의 2,4-D와 0.1 mg/L의 kinetin이 첨가된 경우였다. Oleanolic acid가 소수성 물질이라는 것에 착안하여 역상 컬럼을 사용한 HPLC로 분석하였는데, Rexchrom S5-100-ODS column의 분리능이 가장 좋았다. Spectrophotometer와 photodiode array detector를 사용하여 oleanolic acid와 ursolic acid의 최적 UV 파장을 검색한 결과, 200 nm에서 최적의 UV 흡광도가 나타났다. 이동상은 acetonitrile과 water를 80 : 20으로, 유속은 1.0 mL/min로 결정하였다. Oleanolic acid의 생산을 증대시키기 위해 signal transducer와 abiotic elicitor를 배양 6일째 첨가하였고, 배양 10일째 수확하였다. 10 mM의 methyl jasmonate, 0.5 mM의 salicylic acid, 0.1 mM의 vanadyl sulfate를 처리했을 경우, 각각 63.6, 99.6, 67.0 mg/L의 oleanolic acid가 생산되었고, 이것은 control에서 생산된 양 (57.4 mg/L)보다 높았다. 특히, 0.5 mM의 salicylic acid를 처리한 경우는 control에 비해 1.74배로 증가하였다. Methyl jasmonate 100 mM을 배양 6일째 첨가했을 때의 세포생장 변화를 보면, 첨가 후 2일이 지나면서부터 세포의 양이 크게 감소하기 시작하여 첨가 4일 후부터는 변화가 없었다. 따라서 methyl jasmonate를 처리 후 4일이 지나면 세포가 모두 죽는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Methyl jasmonate 100 mM을 첨가한 후 4일째에 수확한 세포로부터 나온 oleanolic acid의 앙은 5.3 mg/L로 매우 적었다. 반면에 첨가 후 2일째에 수확한 세포로부터 나온 양은 94.1 mg/L로 control (43.4 mg/L)에 비해 2.17배로 증가되었다.

LC-MS/MS를 이용한 육류 중 페니실린계 항생제 8종의 동시분석 및 적용성 검증 (Simultaneous Determination of Penicillin Antibiotics in Meat using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry)

  • 김명애;윤수진;김미경;조윤제;최선주;장문익;이상목;김희정;정지윤;이규식;이상재
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.131-140
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 페니실린계 동물용의약품 8종, 암피실린, 아목시실린, 클록사실린, 디클록사실린, 나프실린, 옥사실린, 페니실린 G, 페니실린 V의 동시분석법을 확립하고 잔류실태조사를 수행하였다. 피페라실린을 내부표준물질으로 적용하였으며, 이동상으로는 0.05% 포름산 용액와 0.05% 포름산 아세토니트릴 용액을 gradient mode로 사용하였고 $C_{18}$ 칼럼을 이용하여 분석하였다. 각 분석물질은 MRL의 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8배 농도범위에서 검량선을 작성하여 $R^2{\geq}0.99$의 직선성 및 재현성을 확인하였다. 소고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기에 대하여 MRL의 0.5, 1, 2배인 세 가지 농도에서 6회 반복으로 분석을 실시한 결과, 평균 회수율은 71.0~106%, 상대표준편차는 4.0~11.2%, LOD는 0.003~0.008 mg/kg, LOQ는 0.01~0.03 mg/kg이었다. 국내 유통 소고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기에서 페니실린계 항생제 8종의 분석결과, 총 193건 중 경기도 지역의 국내산 소고기 1건에 대해서 클록사실린이 MRL 이하인 0.08 mg/kg이 검출되었으며, 나머지 192건의 검체에서는 불검출로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 확립된 페니실린계 동물용의약품 8종 동시분석법은 식육에 대한 페니실린계 동물용의약품의 안전관리 체계 방안을 제시하기 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

영산강 하구의 방류와 강우의 규모 및 빈도 상관성 분석 (Relationships on Magnitude and Frequency of Freshwater Discharge and Rainfall in the Altered Yeongsan Estuary)

  • 류호상;이관홍
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.223-237
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    • 2011
  • 하구둑으로 인해 담수의 공급이 간헐적으로 발생하는 영산강 하구에서는 담수의 방류가 하구의 유동패턴, 염분농도의 변이, 영양염 공급 등 하구환경과 생태계 반응을 주도하는 요인이다. 담수의 방류는 유역의 강우조건에 영향을 받으므로 담수의 방류시기 및 규모를 파악하기 위해서는 담수방류를 유발하는 강우조건과 강우-방류간 상관관계에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 또한 담수방류가 하구에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서는 방류의 규모와 더불어 빈도에 대한 고려가 필수적이다. 이 연구는 영산강 하구역의 담수방류를 예측하고 평가하는 도구로서 영산강 하구둑의 담수 방류자료를 대상으로 강우에 보다 직접적으로 반응하는 극치방류의 확률분포함수를 파악하고 극치방류를 유발하는 강우조건을 판별하여 극치방류를 유발하는 강우와 극치방류 간의 빈도-규모 관계식을 도출하는 데 목적을 두었다. 13.7년(1997.1.1-2010.8.31)간의 일방류량 자료에 대하여 일연속방류를 분석의 기본단위인 방류이벤트로 정의하되 4일 이상의 일연속방류의 경우는 방류패턴에 토대를 둔 이벤트 분리 알고리듬을 적용하여 개별 이벤트를 식별하였다. 총 529건의 방류 이벤트에 대하여 14년간의 연 최고치 중 최솟값에 해당하는 133,656,000 $m^3$을 기준으로 극치방류이벤트를 선별하고 부분시계열 빈도분석법을 적용하여 극치방류의 확률분포함수가 Weibull(k=1.4)함수를 따름을 확인하였다. 극치방류를 기준으로 대비되는 강우 l일전 3일합 강우량이며 최솟값은 50.98 mm인 것으로 나타났다. 이 기준에 따라 추출된 방류유발기능 강우군은 총 102건으로 극치방류이벤트의 수보다 많았다. 정준판별분석을 통해 3일합 강우량 이외에 관리수위대비(-1.35 m EL.) 하구호 수위가 방류유발 강우를 규정하는 중요한 요소라는 점과 방류유발가능 강우군을 선별하는 임계값을 104mm로 재조정할 경우 3일합 강우량만으로 방류유발 강우를 규정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 극치방류 유발 강우만을 대상으로 강우-방류 관계식을 수립한 결과 3일합-강우량($\overline{r_{3day}}$), 3일합-강우량 재현주기($T_{r3}$), 방류량(Discharge, D), 방류량 재현주기($T_d$)의 관계는 $D=1.111{\times}10^8+1.677{\times}10^6{\overline{r_{3day}}$, (${\overline{r_{3day}}{\geqq}104$), $T_d=1.326T^{0.683}_{r3}$, $T_d=0.117{\exp}[0.0155{\overline{r_{3day}}]$로 나타났다. 100년 주기 3일합 강우(357mm)에 의해 유발되는 방류량은 영산강 하구둑 방류량의 재현주기는 30.8년 정도이며 그 양은 $7.0979{\times}10^8m^3$이다. 담수방류의 재현주기 및 재현주기에 기초한 강우-방류 관계식은 영산강 하구역을 비롯하여 인위적으로 담수의 방류가 조절되는 하구역에서 담수의 영향을 평가하고 예측하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Sensory Information Processing

  • Yoshimoto, Chiyoshi
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1985
  • The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

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High Resolution HC$_3$N Observations toward the Central Region of Sagittarius B2

  • H.S-Ching;Oh, M.ishi;M.Morimoto
    • 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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    • 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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    • pp.17-17
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    • 1993
  • The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

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