• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

In order to perform a soil-isolation-structure interaction analysis of seismically isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) structures, the nonlinear behavior of a seismic isolation system may be converted to an equivalent linear model used in frequency domain analysis. Seismic responses for seismically isolated NPP containment structures subjected to a simple artificial acceleration history and different site class earthquakes are evaluated for the equivalent-linear and nonlinear models that have been applied to lead-rubber bearing (LRB) modeling. It can be observed that the maximum displacements of the equivalent linear model are larger than that of the nonlinear model. From the floor response spectrum analysis for the top of NPP containment structures, it can be observed that the spectral acceleration of an equivalent linear model at about 0.5 Hz frequency is about 2~3 times larger than that of a nonlinear model.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

This article is all about using the MR damper with an external lever system for mitigation torsional and transitional lateral displacements by using of PID control algorithm. The torsional modes are so destructive and can be varied during an earthquake therefore, using a semi-active control system mostly recommended for them. In this paper the corner lateral displacement of each floor obtains and then it equivalents in a solid member and it connects to an MR damper, which relies to a rigid structure to reduce the response. An MR damper is a semi-active control system, which can absorb a lot of energy by injecting current to it. This amount of current is very low and needs low power supply, but it increases the amount of damper force, rather than inactive systems like viscous dampers. This paper will show the appropriate algorithm for current injection into MR damper when the eccentricity of the load is changed by using of Bouc-Wen and Bingham's methods and illustrates the coincidence of them.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2004

본 연구는 화재가 발생할 때 방화문과 바닥 면의 하부 틈새를 박아 연기와 열의 누설 또는 확산을 막을 수 있는 연기/열 차단막에 대하여 연구하였다. 본 연구에서는 제연구역의 차압과 화재발생 시 발생하는 연기의 유체부력에 의한 역학적인 힘과 열기류를 고려하여 유한요소 해석코드인 $ANSYS^{\circledR}$ 을 이용하여 해석하였다. 연구결과로부터 하중조건을 최소화할 수 있는 연기/열 차단막의 최적설계의 방향을 제시하였고, 연기/열 차단막의 형상설계에 활용함으로서 연기/열 차단 시스템의 엔지니어링 데이터를 구축하는데 도움이 되었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.227-242
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• 2019

Seismic isolation systems employ structural control that protect both buildings and vibration-sensitive contents from destructive effects of earthquakes. Structural control is divided into three main groups: passive, active, and semi-active. Among them, semi-active isolation systems, which can reduce floor displacements and accelerations concurrently, has gained importance in recent years since they don't require large power or pose stability problems like active ones. However, their seismic performance may vary depending on the variations that may be observed in the mechanical properties of semi-active devices and/or seismic isolators. Uncertainties relating to isolators can arise from variations in geometry, boundary conditions, material behavior, or temperature, or aging whereas those relating to semi-active control devices can be due to thermal changes, inefficiencies in calibrations, manufacturing errors, etc. For a more realistic evaluation of the seismic behavior of semi-active isolated buildings, such uncertainties must be taken into account. Here, the probabilistic behavior of semi-active isolated buildings under historical pulse-like near-fault earthquakes is evaluated in terms of their performance in preserving structural integrity and protecting vibration-sensitive contents considering aforementioned uncertainties via Monte-Carlo simulations of 3-story and 9-story semi-active isolated benchmark buildings. The results are presented in the form of fragility curves and probability of failure profiles.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.4179-4188
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• 2021

This study identifies efficient earthquake intensity measures (IMs) for seismic performances and fragility evaluations of the reactor containment building (RCB) in the advanced power reactor 1400 (APR1400) nuclear power plant (NPP). The computational model of RCB is constructed using the beam-truss model (BTM) for nonlinear analyses. A total of 90 ground motion records and 20 different IMs are employed for numerical analyses. A series of nonlinear time-history analyses are performed to monitor maximum floor displacements and accelerations of RCB. Then, probabilistic seismic demand models of RCB are developed for each IM. Statistical parameters including coefficient of determination (R²), dispersion (i.e. standard deviation), practicality, and proficiency are calculated to recognize strongly correlated IMs with the seismic performance of the NPP structure. The numerical results show that the optimal IMs are spectral acceleration, spectral velocity, spectral displacement at the fundamental period, acceleration spectrum intensity, effective peak acceleration, peak ground acceleration, A95, and sustained maximum acceleration. Moreover, weakly related IMs to the seismic performance of RCB are peak ground displacement, root-mean-square of displacement, specific energy density, root-mean-square of velocity, peak ground velocity, Housner intensity, velocity spectrum intensity, and sustained maximum velocity. Finally, a set of fragility curves of RCB are developed for optimal IMs.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.427-447
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• 2011

The progressive collapse phenomenon is generally regarded as dynamic. Due to the impracticality of nonlinear dynamic computations for practitioners, an interest arises for the development of equivalent static pushover procedures. The present paper proposes a methodology to identify such a procedure for sudden column removals, using energetic evaluations to determine the pushover loads to apply. In a dynamic context, equality between the cumulated external and internal works indicates a vanishing kinetic energy. If such a state is reached, the structure is sometimes assumed able to withstand the column removal. Approximations of these works can be estimated using a static computation, leading to an estimate of the displacements at the zero kinetic energy configuration. In comparison with other available procedures based on such criteria, the present contribution identifies loading patterns to associate with the zero-kinetic energy criterion to avoid a single-degree-of-freedom idealisation. A parametric study over a family of regular steel structures of varying sizes uses non-linear dynamic computations to assess the proposed pushover loading pattern for the cases of central and lateral ground floor column failure. The identified quasi-static loading schemes are shown to allow detecting nearly all dynamically detected plastic hinges, so that the various beams are provided with sufficient resistance during the design process. A proper accuracy is obtained for the plastic rotations of the most plastified hinges almost independently of the design parameters (loads, geometry, robustness), indicating that the methodology could be extended to provide estimates of the required ductility for the beams, columns, and beam-column connections.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.349-365
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• 2020

Since the peak seismic response of a base-isolated building strongly depends on the characteristics of the imposed seismic ground motion, the behavior of a base-isolated building under different seismic ground motions is studied, in order to better assess their effects on its peak seismic response. Specifically, the behavior of a typical steel building is examined as base-isolated with elastomeric bearings, while the effect of near-fault ground motions is studied by imposing 7 pairs of near- and 7 pairs of far-fault seismic records, from the same 7 earthquake events, to the building, under 3 different loading combinations, through three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear dynamic analyses, conducted with SAP2000. The results indicate that near-fault seismic components are more likely to increase the building's peak seismic response than the corresponding far-fault components. Furthermore, the direction of the imposed earthquake excitations is also varied by rotating the imposed pairs of seismic records from 0◦ to 360◦, with respect to the major construction axes. It is observed that the peak seismic responses along the critical incident angles, which in general differ from the major horizontal construction axes of the building, are significantly higher. Moreover, the influence of 5% and 10% accidental mass eccentricities is also studied, revealing that when considering accidental mass eccentricities the peak relative displacements of the base isolated building at the isolation level are substantially increased, while the peak floor accelerations and interstory drifts of its superstructure are only slightly affected.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2005

파사드리거는 아웃리거 구조시스템에 rms거하는 것으로 구조물의 외곽에 설치되는 파사드리거는 구조물의 내부에 수직으로 설치된 가새골조로부터 분리되어 구조물의 외곽에 설치된다. 따라서 이 시스템은 중앙의 코아에 부착되는 아웃리거와는 달리 사재로 인한 내부 동선의 장애가 발생하지 않는 장점이 있다. 리거의 현재에 인접한 슬래브가 파사드리거와 가새골조 사이의 전단력을 전달하며 가새골조와 파사드리거를 지지하는 기둥 사이의 상호작용을 일으킨다. 이 논문에서는 등분포하중과 삼각분포하중, 그리고 구조물 상단에 집중하중이 작용하고 구조물의 외곽에 여러개의 파사드리거가 설치된 가새골조에 대한 근사해석방법을 제시하였으며, 구조모델들을 이용하여 MIDAS프로그램에 의한 결과와 비교하였고 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구에서 제시된 매트릭스 해석방법은 구조물 상단의 수평변위나 가새골조 하단의 전도모멘트와 같은 구조물의 거동에 대한 파사드리거의 영향을 신속하게 평가할 수 있으며 구조물 상단의 변위를 최소화할 수 있는 파사드리거의 최적위치 결정을 위해 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.244-251
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• 2003

A two-dimensional BEM code, $FRACOD^{2D}$, was applied to simulate fracture initiation and propagation processes in a rock pillar during an in situ heater test of a rock pillar planned at the $\"{A}sp\"{o}$ Underground Rock laboratory of SKB, in Southern Sweden. To take the advantage of conventional BEM for simulating fracturing processes, but without efforts for domain integral transformation, a hybrid approach is developed to simulate the fracturing processes in rock pillar under coupled thermo-mechanical loading. The code FRACOD was used for simulating the fracture initiation and propagation processes with its boundary tractions reflecting the effects of the initial and redistributed thermomechanical stresses in the domain of interest at multiple excavation and heating steps were produced by a special algorithm of stress inversion, based on resultant thermo-mechanical stress fields at each excavation and heat loading step by a FEM code without considering fracturing processes. This hybrid approach can take the advantages of both types of numerical methods and avoids their shortcomings for fracturing process simulation and domain effects, respectively. In this paper, we present the hybrid approach for the stress, displacements, and fracturing processes at sequential excavation and heating steps of the in situ heater test as a predictive modelling, the formulation of the fracturing models and the predictive results. Two sections of borehole depth, 0.5 m and 1.5 m below the tunnel floor are considered. The pillar area is modelled with the FRACOD and the stress field produced by excavation and heating is transferred with corresponding boundary stresses. From the modelling results, the degree of fracturing and damage are evaluated for 120 days of heating. Dominated shear fracturing in the vicinity of the central pillar was observed from the models at both sections, but spalled area appears to be limited. Based on the modelling results, a sensitivity study for the effect of pre-existing fractures in the vicinity of the holes is also conducted, and the initiation and evolution of EDZ around the deposition holes are investigated using this particular numerical technique.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 현재 시공중인 58층의 철근콘크리트조 고층건물에서 진동현식게이지를 통해 계측된 기둥의 축방향 변형률과 레이져 스캐닝을 통해 구한 횡변위를 3차원 시공단계해석에 의한 예측치와 비교하였다. 예측치는 ACI 209와 PCA의 재료모델식, PCA report의 축소량 산정알고리즘을 3차원 구조해석 프로그램으로 개발한 ASAP을 사용하여 구하였다. 비교결과 평면의 중앙부 기둥의 축방향 변형율 계측치는 시공단계 해석치와 거의 유사한 결과를 나타내었으나 각 모서리에 두 개씩 배치된 기둥의 경우 비교적 큰 오차를 나타내었다. 레이져 스캐닝에 의한 횡변위 계측결과는 해석결과와 유사한 경향을 보였으나 층당 계측치가 큰 변동을 나타내므로 향후 이를 해결하기 위한 계측 및 데이터 처리기법이 요구된다.