• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.624-637
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• 2020

High-quality and high-phytonutrient watermelon fruits have strong market opportunities besides their health related benefits. Hence, investigating quality and nutritional related traits of watermelon genetic resources could provide important baseline data in breeding for increased lycopene content thereby increasing the marketability of watermelon. To this end, we have examined some fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of 105 genetic resources. Seeds, originally obtained from 22+ countries, were obtained from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Jeonju, South Korea, grown in an experimental field and harvested at a fully mature stage. The size of pistil scar (SPS), the width of stripes (WS), weight of fruit (WF), length of fruit (LF), width of fruit (WIF), the thickness of pericarp (TP), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit shape in longitudinal section, ground color of skin, the intensity of the green color of skin, fruit shape at the apical part, grooving distribution, conspicuousness of stripes, and main color of the flesh were recorded on the field and inside laboratory and the lycopene was measured using spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Watermelon fruits have shown a diverse morphological characters. Red and pink fleshed fruits dominated in the entire collections. Fruits with higher thickness of rind were found to exhibit less soluble solid content (SSC). Korean origin fruits were characterized by intermediate SSC while the United States of America (USA), Russia (RUS), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM), Taiwan (TWN), and Uruguay (URY) originated fruits had the highest SSC. The lycopene content varied between 41.37 and 182.82 ㎍/g, 2.81 and 163.72 ㎍/g, and 3.54 and 255.47 ㎍/g using HPLC, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and microplate reader spectrophotometer, respectively. Red- and pink-fleshed fruits had the highest levels of lycopene content compared to the yellow- and orange-fleshed. Lycopene content had a significant positive correlation with SSC, however, no correlations were detected between lycopene and other quantitative fruit morphological characters. Our study demonstrated high diversity exists in fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of the germplasm collections which provide beneficial baseline data for a future breeding program and utilization of watermelon germplasm collections in gene banks for the maintenance and improvement of the current levels of production, marketability, and health-related benefit of watermelon fruits.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 1999

Modified atmosphere packaging(MAP) technology was applied to ‘Tsugaru’apple (Malus domestica Borkh) in order to extend the shelf-life of apples during distribution. ‘Tsugaru’apples were packed with the PE film of 40 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness(40LD), the PE film modified by the addition of 5% (w/w) zeolite (40CK), and the PE film bags containing the ethylene absorbent (40LP). Quality indices of ‘Tsugaru’apples during storage at 10$^{\circ}C$ were measured in terms of weight loss, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, flesh firmness, peel color and sensory properties. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene concentration in the film bags changed rapidly at the early stage of storage. Weight loss of the control increased up to 3.0% after 60 days storage while those of the packed apples remained less than 0.6%. No significant differences in soluble solids content and titratable acidity could be found in all the treatments, but significant differences in pH between the control and the packed apples. Higher firmness was kept in 40LD and 40LD than other treatments during storage. Color of the peel changed rapidly in control but slowly in 40LD and 40LP. ‘Tsugaru’apples Packed with Packaging films showed a good visual and sensory quality. Results suggest that packaging treatment with LDPE of 40 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness and ethylene absorbent can be used for extending the shelf-life of ‘Tsugaru’apples during distribution.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.659-667
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• 2000

Quality attributes of fresh-cut green onion(Allium fistulosum L.) as affected by rinsing and packaging were investigated in terms of flesh weight, color, viable cell counts, sensory properties during storage at $10^{\circ}C$. Fresh green onions were trimmed, cut, and rinsed with cold water(approximately $5^{\circ}C$) as well as chlorine solution(100 mg/L) and then packaged in low density polyethylene film pouches of $63\;{\mu}m$ thickness. Rinsing treatments with cold water or chlorine solution did not significantly influence changes in microbial populations but sensory characteristics, resulting in cut green onions of better visual quality as compared to the control without rinsing. Fresh-cut green onions were also rinsed with cold water and packaged in sealed bags of low density polyethylene films with different thickness(22, 36, $63\;{\mu}m$), and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 18 days. Thickness of polyethylene film was a significant factor for microorganisms populations and sensory attributes. Mesophilic aerobic bacterial count after 13 days for the control, packed in punched film bags, was $3.07{\times}10^6}$ CFU/g, while those for samples in hermetically sealed bags ranged only $1.74{\sim}2.02{\times}10^5}$ CFU/g. Gas composition within the sealed packages changed from normal air to about $1.3{\sim}5.4%\;O_2$ and $4.0{\sim}8.0%\;CO_2$ after 13 days of storage. Particularly, the visual sensory quality of cut green onion samples was retained better in polyethylene film bags of $63\;{\mu}m$ thickness(gas transmission rate: 600 $O_2\;mL/day{\cdot}m^2{\cdot}atm;\;2,500\;CO_2\;mL/day{\cdot}m^2{\cdot}atm$) than in the others.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.252-260
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• 2012

This study was carried out to compare the storability in MA storage and quality of paprika fruits among 9 cultivars grown in 2011 and 12 cultivars in 2012. 'Mosanto 7044' was the most proper cultivar in red-type paprika has grown in 2011 for MA storage, because it showed relatively higher fruit weight, firmness, soluble solid content, and the lowest ethylene production rate, as well as the second longest shelf life. 'Stayer' was suitable cultivar in yellow-type paprika cultivated in 2011, because it showed higher firmness, soluble solid content and lower ethylene production rate than other cultivars. 'Nagano' was the most proper cultivar in red-type paprika has grown in 2012 for MA storage. Because it showed relatively higher fruit weight, firmness, flesh thickness and the lowest ethylene production rate and decay ratio, although the shelf life of 'Nagano' was the third longest (28 days). 'Freestar' was the excellent cultivar in yellow-type paprika cultivated in 2012, because it showed higher firmness, vitamin C content and lower respiration rate than other cultivars and the longest shelf life of 26 days. The shelf life had a high correlationship with ethylene production rate (r = -0.5504), and soluble solid (r = 0.6112), as comparing with the shelf life and the fruit characteristics of 21 cultivars paprika has grown in 2011 and 2012.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of thermokeeping bag with 30 and 45cm width on the growth, fruit quality and yield of oriental melon. Difference of the highest temperature was not observed but the lowest temperature of thermokeeping bag with 30cm and 45cm width was higher than that of control by 0.9$^{\circ}C$ and 1.8$^{\circ}C$, respectively The highest soil temperature of thermokeeping bag with 30cm and 45cm width was higher than that of control by 1.9$^{\circ}C$ and 9.9$^{\circ}C$, respectively and the lowest soil temperature of thermokeeping bag with 30cm and 45cm width was higher than that of control by 0.9$^{\circ}C$ and 1.2$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Growth characteristics in terms of stem length, leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid were higher as the width of thermokeeping bag was winder. Marketable yield per 10a of 30 and 45cm thermokeeping bag was higher 5.3% and 19.2% than that of control with 996.4kg per 0.1ha.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of temperature variation by the different ventilation methods on the growth and quality of oriental melon in greenhouse of tunnel type 1. The dropping effect in temperature by ventilation types was best at type 3 and those of type 2, type 1 were in order. 2. The temperature distribution in type 3 was uniformed as air- inflow and air- outflow by wind ventilation were easier than others. Whereas the temperature of type 1 having lateral ventilation hole and type 2 having the zenith ventilation tube and lateral ventilation hole was ascended, because small ventilation area of ventilation tube and hole could not make the gravity and wind ventilation successfully. 3. When compared with air amount of three types ventilated by the temperature difference of outside and inside of tunnel type house, that of type 3 was more than those of type 1 and type 2. 4. Type 3 was better than type 2 and type 1 in lear numbers, leaf area, fruit weight, flesh thickness, malformed fruit rate, and marketable fruit rate. 5. Marketable fruit rate of all treatment at each harvesting stages was rised, as goes to the latter periods.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to selecting of oriental melon cultivars suitable for second cropping at summer season. At 20 days after transplanting, 'Supergumssaragi' and 'Gumhwangeunchun' were rapidly growing. Chlorophyll contents of 'Gumgigaeeunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun', 'Gonggongcheelkkul' and 'Gumboddari' were higher than other cultivars. Days required from transplanting to harvesting of 'Gumboddari', 'Gumdongieunchun', 'Gonggongcheelkkul' and 'Gumgaeeunchun', 'Gumbora' and 'Supergumssaragi', 'Gumssaragieunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun', 'Gummieunchun' and 'Gumhwangeunchun', 'Diamond' were 51, 52, 53, 55, 56 and 60 days, respectively. The fruit weigh tended to heavy in 'Supergumssaragi' and 'Gumgigaeeunchun'. The flesh thickness was thick a little in 'Gumgigaeeunchun'. The hardness tended to high in 'Gumgigaeeunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun' and 'Gumgaeeunchun', but it was not difference between treatments. 'L', 'a', 'b' and Y.I. value of the fruit were not difference between the cultivars, but 'a' value was the highest at 'Gumgigaeeunchun', The yield per ha of 'Gumgaeeunchun' and 'Gumgigaeeunchun' increased 8%, 2% than 'Gumssaragieunchun', respectively. From above result, 'Gumgigaeeunchun', 'Gumdongieunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun' and 'Gumgaeeunchun' cultivars are suitable in summer season.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2007

Quality changes in winter Chinese cabbages were evaluated during low temperature storage. Flesh and salt-treated Chinese cabbages were put into (a) polyethylene (PE) film sacks (size: $40cm{\times}60cm$, thickness: 0.03 mm, with four perforations each 8 mm in diameter), (b) plastic containers or (c) polypropylene (PP) nets and stored at $0^{\circ}C$. Also, Cabbages were also wrapped in newspapers and stored underground where the average temperature was $2.7^{\circ}C$. The weight loss rates of Chinese cabbages stored in PP nets and plastic containers were greater than those of cabbages stored with PE or wrapped in newspaper. Chinese cabbages wrapped in newspaper and stored underground needed much greater trimming compared to cabbages stored in other ways. The firmness and the soluble solid contents of Chinese cabbages were not affected by the various storage treatments. A better appearance was retained when Chinese cabbages were stored in PE film sacks. Chinese cabbages in PE film sacks stored at $0^{\circ}C$ showed delayed weight loss, less trimming loss, and less change in appearance. The quality changes in salted Chinese cabbages (desalting losses, pH changes, osmolarities, and crude fiber content) were not significantly different after the various treatments. No storage treatment was effective in maintaining a high quality of salted winter Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate planting depth, which applied the basic data for planting growth ability and mechanical planting of oriental melon. 'Gumssaragi-eunchun' variety was approach grafting to 'Shintozoa' and seedling was growing during 45 days in the 9cm pot and then planted on Jan. 16. The comparison of planting plots was carried out for four experimental plots, which were separated into 0cm, 4.5cm, 9cm, standard cultivation, and 12cm planting depth in soil. In the tunnel of vinyl house, the lowest and the highest temperature was $9.3^{\circ}C\;and\;41.2^{\circ}C$, respectively, and humidity was $59\~99\%$ during Jan. 18 and 19. The faster graft-take rate after planting was the deeper planting depth. The growth of 40 days after planting was not significant in each planting plot, except 0cm experimental plot. Fruit weight was the heaviest in 4.5cm planting depth of experimental plot but sugar content and flesh thickness were not significant in each planting depth. The more depth in planting meant the more increase in fermented fruit rate and decrease in marketable fruit rate. Marketable yield was 2,361kg per l0a in 9cm planting plot, which was $2\%\;and\;1\%$ lower than in 0cm and 4.5cm, respectively, and $11\%$ greater than in 12cm planting plot.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.538-542
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• 2006

Physicochemical properties and positional distribution of Hallabong Tangor (Citrus Kiyomi ${\times}$ ponkan) cultivated in heated greenhouse were investigated. About 90% of Hallabong produce fruit within the range of $250{\sim}400g$ fruit weight on a tree, larger fruits were mainly consisted of $400{\sim}450g$ in M16A, a variant species of Hallabong, due to younger tree and fruit thinning. Nevertheless fruit sizes of M16A were larger than Hallabong, and peel thickness of M16A (3.29 mm) was thinner than that of Hallabong (3.51 mm). Hardness of m6h was 994.69g-force, compared to 832.8 g-force of Hallabong on the average. Soluble solids and acid content of Hallabong were $12.20{\sim}12.98^{\circ}Brix$ and $1.08{\sim}1.14%$, while those of M16A were $1.48{\sim}12.63^{\circ}Brix$ and $0.92{\sim}1.00%$, respectively. Vitamin C content of Hallabong was $71.30{\sim}78.77 mg/100 g$, compared to $64.40{\sim}68.01mg/100g$ in M16A. Soluble solid in the part of stem was lower than that of end part among the same segment. Fruit size in the upper part of the tree was larger, the peel was thicket and flesh ratio was lower than the middle or lower part. However, soluble solids and acid content were high, due to cumulative sunshine during cultivation.