• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.867-871
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 폴리머 테이퍼링 도파로 영역을 포함하는 $1{\times}4$ 형태의 플라스틱 광섬유 커플러를 제안하고 구현하였다. 플라스틱 광섬유와 폴리머 사각 도파로의 접속면에서 광 누설 손실을 줄이기 위해 단면이 원형에서 구형으로 천천히 바뀐 플라스틱 광섬유를 도입하였다. 실리콘 고무로 만들어진 주형을 이용하여 소자를 제작하였다. 제작된 소자는 1.33 dB의 삽입손실과 2.2 dB의 평탄도를 보였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2007

This paper presents a direct-conversion CMOS transceiver for fully digital DS-UWB systems. The transceiver includes all of the radio building blocks, such as a T/R switch, a low noise amplifier, an I/Q demodulator, a low pass filter, a variable gain amplifier as a receiver, the same receiver blocks as a transmitter including a phase-locked loop (PLL), and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). A single-ended-to-differential converter is implemented in the down-conversion mixer and a differential-to-single-ended converter is implemented in the driver amplifier stage. The chip is fabricated on a 9.0 $mm^2$ die using standard 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology and a 64-pin MicroLead Frame package. Experimental results show the total current consumption is 143 mA including the PLL and VCO. The chip has a 3.5 dB receiver gain flatness at the 660 MHz bandwidth. These results indicate that the architecture and circuits are adaptable to the implementation of a wideband, low-power, and high-speed wireless personal area network.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2020

This paper investigates the effects of retaining ring materials, particularly PPS and PEEK, used in the CMP process, on wafer polishing and ring wear. CMP can be performed using bonded type retaining rings made with PPS or injection molding type retaining rings made with PEEK. In this study, after polishing a wafer with a PPS retaining ring, the average profile height of the wafer was 0.098 ㎛ less than that of the wafer polished with a PEEK retaining ring, implying that PPS retaining rings achieve a higher polishing rate. In addition, the center area of the wafer profile had less deviation and improved flatness after polishing with the PPS ring. These results indicate that a higher polishing rate and smaller profile height deviation can be achieved using retaining rings made with PPS compared to retaining rings made with PEEK. Therefore, with semiconductor circuit patterns becoming finer and wafer sizes becoming larger, the use of PPS in CMP retaining rings can obtain more stable wafer polishing results compared to that of PEEK.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1028-1039
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• 1996

This study was focused on the examination of the flame structure and the combustion characteristics of diffusion flame which was formed the turbulent shear flow of a double coaxial air jet system. The shear flow was formed by the difference velocity of surrounding air jet(U$\_$s/) and center air jet (U$\_$c/). So experimental condition was divided S-type flame (.lambda. > 1) and C-type flame (.lambda. < 1) by velocity ratio .lambda. (=U$\_$s//U$\_$c/). For examination of the flame structure and the combustion characteristics in diffusion flame, coherent structure was observed in flame by schlieren photograph method. We measured fluctuating temperature and ion current simultaneously and accomplished the statistical analysis of its. According to schlieren photograph, the flame was stabilized in the rim of the direction of lower velocity air jet, coherent eddy was produced and developed by higher velocity air jet. The statistical data of fluctuating temperature and ion current was indicated that reaction was dominated by higher velocity air jet. The mixing state of burnt gas and non-burnt gas was distributed the wide area at Z = 100 mm of C-type flame.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1992

수술중 방사선치료를 환자에 적용하기에 앞서 본원이 보유하고있는 LID를 이용한 전자선의 선량분포 특성을 연구하였다. 이러한 선량 특성에 대한 자료는 적절한 Cone의 모양이나 크기, 에너지를 결정하게하며 빠르고 정확한 계산을 위하여 필요하다. 따라서, 본 저자들은 3-Dimensional Water Phantom Dosimetry System를 이용하여 Cone의 크기, Cone의 모양, 보상필터 사용 유무에 따라 Cone의 출력인자, 조직표면선량, 선축상 최대치 지점, $90\%$의 깊이, 대칭도와 편평도, SSD 보상인자, 선량분포 등을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) Cone의 출력인자는 Cone모양에 따라 각각 측정하였으며 Cone의 크기와 에너지가 작을수록 급격하게 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 2) 보상 필터의 하나인 Flattening Filter를 사용한 결과 포면 선량이 6 MeV, 9 MeV, 12 MeV에 대하여 각각 $85.3\%$, $89.2\%$, $93.4\%$였고, 이 보상 필터를 사용하므로 선량률과 beam의 투과율은 감소하지만 치료부위에 따라 beam의 모양을 변형시키며 특히, 표면선량을 $90\%$나 그 이상으로 증가시킬수 있었다. 3) 3차에 걸친 beam의 collimation과 보상 필터를 결합하여 사용한 결과 매우 좋은 beam의 균일성과 편평도 뿐만아니라 $90\%$ 등선량곡선 넓이가 커지는 결과를 보였다. 4) 치료를 위하여 중요한 간격인 SSD 100cm에서 SSD 110cm까지의 출력인자는 측정치와 계산치가 Cone의 크기와 모양, 에너지에 따라 $1\~3\%$의 차이를 보였다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.87-144
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• 2001

This study looks into historical genealogy of autonomy in art criticism on modernism and presents the view of the judgment and correction about that. A matter of autonomy in art appeared in the attempt to totally reconsider and upset the theory of 'Mimesis' or 'Representation' which was the basis of traditional aesthetic theory. In the traditional theory of representation, they assumed primary image exists first and then tried to obtain visual similarity to it through art works. However, in the theory of autonomy in modernism, they maintained the reduction to pure form' or medium', regarding what art works represents and how similar to primary image are not the true essence of art. In the early 20th century, C. Bell laid the foundation stone of the theory of Formalism', providing that a matter of autonomy is significant form', which is the combination of lines and colors Aesthetic autonomy theory came to a climax by C. Greenberg, who systemized art criticism on modernism in the middle 20th century. According to his theory, the pursuit of the essence of form resulted in the specificity of medium' and flatness. They thought that the autonomy of art would be achieved by eliminating outward social factors from art works. This theory ended by Minimalism preventing the instructive function of art work and only emphasizing its material property. Since the middle 20th century, the autonomy theory was confronted with the limit and intense attack because it resulted in this fixed canon and materialism, so they began laying emphasis on those extrinsic factors around art works such as human life, society, history, and so on. This study focuses on arguing and complementing the limit of autonomy such as the adhesive and fixed canon, and then defining the more dynamic area of it. For this, first, I introduced the view of T. J. Clark and T. Crow who criticized the aesthetic autonomy theory. They denied the transcendental structure of form, and found form only in the association with substantial life and society. And they insisted the dynamism of form by emphasizing form as a result of negation insisted by avant-garde. Second, I researched the view of A. C, Danto and M. Fried, who complemented the traditional autonomy theory. They made autonomy emerge from the fixation of form like flatness through connecting essentialism with historical view. In conclusion, I insist that autonomic position of art make it possible to connect or mediate between material form and human or social elements. Therefore, autonomy should not be reduced to the axis of form or that of society but make interaction between two heterogeneous axes.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2015

하천공간이란 하천시스템과 관련된 물리적 생태적 프로세스에 영향을 받는 홍수터, 하도를 모두 포함하는 공간을 의미하므로, 제방에 의해 인위적으로 차단된 현재의 하천구역과는 분명히 구분된다. 본 연구에서는 하천기능 평가를 위한 공간경계를 결정하기 위하여 홍수터 공간을 획정하는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위하여, 지형분석 방법과 범람분석 방법을 이용하였고, 각 방법으로 산정된 만경강 홍수터 공간을 비교, 검토하였다. 분석결과, 지형분석은 곡저의 추출에 적합하며 현재의 수문지형조건을 반영하는 범람공간과는 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 빈도별 범람면적을 비교함으로써, 하천 상류 혹은 하류 구간의 구분없이, 100년 빈도 범람지역을 하천공간으로 획정하는 것이 타당할 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나, 하도의 분기가 발생되는 일부 구간에서는 지형학적 곡저 분석 결과와 다양한 빈도의 범람해석 결과와의 비교가 필요하다.

• 복식
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2004

In this study, the fashion trend after the 1990s and the characteristics of fashion in the postmodernistic viewpoint that mainly effected fashion were observed, and the characteristics of fashion illustration expression was observed in the viewpoint of its link. It can be seen that mutually close characteristics are mutually linked. As the result of this study, the characteristics of fashion illustration can be categorized into three areas. and the sub-concepts are as following. The first category is the pursuit of feminine beauty of individual multi-dimension. This includes- 1) retro feminine beauty; 2) fetishistic and ecstatic feminine beauty; 3) mixed composition genderless (mixed composition style. ageless style and raceless style): and 4) beauty of body deconstruction and reconstruction (deformation due to partial transformation, change into animalization, mechanization and spirituelization. and beautification of crudeness). The second is the intentional deviation of expression and production technique. This includes-1) deviation from traditional perspective; 2) deviation from composition concept: and 3) breaking away from the existing material and expression technique of material. The third is the pursuit of authority-rejection form of expression. This is an area that should be noticed in the fashion illustration expression of the 1990s, as it shows the most diverse phenomenon. The sub-concepts of this category include- 1) separation of art 2) minimalism (minimalism in structure and production method); 3) flatness; 4) completion of incompletion; 5) accidentalism; 6) sportive;7) absence of figure; 8) intentional childishness 9) story development; 10) techno mechanism and cyber character; and 11) animation style.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.554-560
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 양쪽 대칭으로 지지할 수 있는 쉴드캔 클립을 제안하며, 그 특징은 장착과 탈착의 하중을 일정하게 하고 납땜 부위의 평판도를 유지 할 수 있도록 개발하였다. 또한 인쇄회로기판에 부착 고정되는 베이스부 및 쉴드캔의 측벽을 집게 형태로 집을 수 있도록 하는 클립부로 구성되며, 클립부 중앙을 절단하여 2군데를 지지 할 수 있게 이루어진다. 또한 넓어진 베이스부와 인쇄회로기판 사이에 납땜이 잘될 수 있도록 오목한 홈을 만들었다. 연구절차는 우선 메커니즘을 설정하고 구조해석 및 진동모드 해석을 수행하여 설계변수를 확정한 후, 제품을 설계하였다. 제조를 위한 전용기를 개발한 후 시제품을 제작하여 성능 평가 후 해석값과 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2017

In this study, change trends and specific times for change in body size were sought to be identified by using manual measurements for Korean adult women at 20 to 89 of age, along with examinations of change trends and specific times of change in body shape based on body index values. The examinations of means, deviations, and variation coefficients revealed that there was a tendency of most height related measures to decrease. In addition, combined with decrease in height, growth in weight led to increased BMI, thus resulting in increase in measures of circumference, thickness, and breadth in the torso area. The BMI trends showed that with increasing age, BMI increased, reaching the peak between the ages of 55 and 59 and then decreasing from 64 of age, with the steepest increase in BMI at ages from 50 to 54. The examination of differences in the body flatness ratio for different parts of body found that with increasing age the ratio decreased, indicating a tendency for gradual change to round body shapes. The analysis of 3D body shape found that there were more back-bends and lowered shoulder levels with age, accompanied with a tendency for more bended legs and more inclined-forward necks. The key trends in changes in body measurements by age and detailed estimates of 3D standard body shape drawn out from this study are expected to significantly contribute to establishing a basic database for generating patterns reflecting age features of Korean adult females.