• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.807-820
• /
• 1997

This exploratory research was intended to develop and test a slacks pattern based upon conic model. Data came from measurements of photograph of three subjects. Silhouette of slacks was close fit on waist and hip and loose under hip level. This three-dimensional form was modeled with truncated cones. This conic model was truncated by plane of the waist level, the abdomen level, the hip level, the crotch level and the ankle level parallel to the floor. Two models that have differences in back part of the model were tested. Drafted patterns from two models were taken for each subject. Drafted experimental pattern was operated for slacks pattern. The first step was to make sideseam. Parts over crotch level were moved to both sides. And then to make waistdarts. Experimental pattern had two darts each in front and back. Each experimental slacks was evaluated by sensory test to appearance and comfort by five judges. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) Appearance and comfort of experimental pattern were judged to be satisfactory. Especially these patterns were fitted we18 in waist darts front and back. So we evaluated that was proper pattern for slacks. 2) Model 2 was better in appearance than model 1. But Model 1 was more comfortable in non significant difference. This was supposed to be resulted from fit more closely of model 2. 3) considering preceding results, this geometric model based upon truncated cone was applicable for slacks pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.28 no.11
• /
• pp.1536-1543
• /
• 2004

Garment is made by a 2D pattern and should be fitted to a human body which has 3D characteristics. Therefore, to design a pattern more effectively, the use of 3D information of a human body and the investigation of relationship between the 3D garment and 2D pattern are necessary. In this work, ruled surface method was used to reflect the 3D information of a human body for a pattern design. The images of the brassiere line on the woman's dress form were captured by phase-shifting projection moire system and the 3D information on the design line was obtained. 2D patterns on the various parts of the brassiere were developed directly from the 3D data by the ruled surface method. In addition, design line, the area and the amount of dart were quantified. And then we verify the appropriateness of the ruled surface method to the 2D pattern development by measuring the distribution of the space between women's figure and segmented clothing item. It was found that the ruled surface method is useful to transform the 3D design line to the 2D pattern, if we followed the steps suggested in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2018

Objective: In a statistical linear model estimating the center of rotation of a human hip joint, which is the parameter related to the mean of response vectors, assumptions of homoscedasticity and independence of position vectors measured repeatedly over time in the model result in an inefficient parameter. We, therefore, should take into account the variance-covariance structure of longitudinal responses. The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficient center of rotation vector of the hip joint by using covariance pattern models. Method: The covariance pattern models are used to model various kinds of covariance matrices of error vectors to take into account longitudinal data. The data acquired from functional motions to estimate hip joint center were applied to the models. Results: The results showed that the data were better fitted using various covariance pattern models than the general linear model assuming homoscedasticity and independence. Conclusion: The estimated joint centers of the covariance pattern models showed slight differences from those of the general linear model. The estimated standard errors of the joint center for covariance pattern models showed a large difference with those of the general linear model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.135-154
• /
• 1996

This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for classifying vehicles using a single loop detector. The data used for the development of the algorithm are the frequency variation of a vehicle sensored from the circle-shaped loop detectors which are normal buried beneath the expressway. The pre-processing of data is required for the development of the algorithm that actually consists of two parts. One is both normalization of occupancy time and that with frequency variation, the other is finding of an adaptable number of sample size for each vehicle category and calculation of average value of normalized frequencies along with occupancy time that will be stored for comparison. Then, detected values are compared with those stored data to locate the most fitted pattern. After the normalization process, we developed some frameworks for comparison schemes. The fitted scales used were 10 and 15 frames in occupancy time(X-axis) and 10 and 15 frames in frequency variation (Y-axis). A combination of X-Y 10-15 frame turned out to be the most efficient scale of normalization producing 96 percent correct classification rate for six types of vehicle.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 1976

By examining Table 1, it is confirmed that the two model fertility scheduels for 1960 and 1975 are close agreement with the census data in Korea. The declines of age-specific fertility are more remarkable among older women than among younger, as exhibited in Table 3 and Fig. 2. A merit of this fitted model schedule as compared to fitted conventional frequency distributions such as the Pearson Type III curve, is that the model schedule incorporates combinations of intuitively understandable demographic factors. The value of m, a measure of fertility control, increased remarkably from 0.531 in 1960 to 2.429 in 1975. Considering the fact that the average value of m for forty-three schedules shown in the 1965 Demographic Yearbook was 1.0, and the value of m in England and Wales for 1965 was 1.91, the recent level of fertility control in Korea may be considered higher than generally believed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2011

There still is a limitation in the usage of 3D clothes model in the production line due to the lack of compatibility between 3D modeling software, and its accurate 2D pattern making software, especially for free formed dress with tight fitted zone and draped part. In this study, obstacles in the 3D direct dress design process was overcome by solving the compatibility among each step of 3D virtual design process as well as adopting 3D-2D direct pattern development program called 2C-AN. Efficacy of making 2D pattern from 3D dress design using 2C-AN program developed by the authors was examined during the course of actual dress making process. Accurate ease over the fitted dress part was examined by 3D scanning technology, and the actual appearance of the draped part was compared with the simulation image of dress model. It was confirmed that the entire 3D design process and direct 2D pattern development proposed in this study was accurate enough to use in the 3D design process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2016

It is critical to forecast the maximum daily and monthly demand for power with as little error as possible for our industry and national economy. In general, long-term forecasting of power demand has been studied from both the consumer's perspective and an econometrics model in the form of a generalized linear model with predictors. Time series techniques are used for short-term forecasting with no predictors as predictors must be predicted prior to forecasting response variables and containing estimation errors during this process is inevitable. In previous researches, seasonal exponential smoothing method, SARMA (Seasonal Auto Regressive Moving Average) with consideration to weekly pattern Neuron-Fuzzy model, SVR (Support Vector Regression) model with predictors explored through machine learning, and K-means clustering technique in the various approaches have been applied to short-term power supply forecasting. In this paper, SARMA and intervention model are fitted to forecast the maximum power load daily, weekly, and monthly by using the empirical data from 2011 through 2013. $ARMA(2,\;1,\;2)(1,\;1,\;1)_7$ and $ARMA(0,\;1,\;1)(1,\;1,\;0)_{12}$ are fitted respectively to the daily and monthly power demand, but the weekly power demand is not fitted by AREA because of unit root series. In our fitted intervention model, the factors of long holidays, summer and winter are significant in the form of indicator function. The SARMA with MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) of 2.45% and intervention model with MAPE of 2.44% are more efficient than the present seasonal exponential smoothing with MAPE of about 4%. Although the dynamic repression model with the predictors of humidity, temperature, and seasonal dummies was applied to foretaste the daily power demand, it lead to a high MAPE of 3.5% even though it has estimation error of predictors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.94-105
• /
• 2021

This study analyzes the shape change of the breast according to the replica combination method of the lower cup and suggest a pattern construction for the end use purpose. To provide appropriate brassiere patterns to each individual who has various 3D shape characteristics, the ways of layout of 3D replicas were investigated as well as evaluated subjectively and objectively. As for experimental brassieres, basic replicas from the mold cup of long-run brassiere were combined into five different ways to find the appropriate lower brassiere cup pattern. Eighteen women wore experimental brassieres and their breasts were analyzed using the Geomagic Design X program (3D System, Inc., Korea). As result, the pattern that matched the vertexes of the four pieces of the replica and naturally spread the bottom part was best for raising and pushing toward the inside breasts. The fit was good in the case of a pattern in which the convex portions overlapped both sides of the four replica pieces where the vertexes and the bottom part naturally spread apart. The subjects were able to differentiate comfortably fitted brassieres and highly functional brassieres.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2015.08a
• /
• pp.120.1-120.1
• /
• 2015

We investigate the degradation pattern of Black phosphorus (BP) field effect transistor (FETs) investigated by using an mechanically exfoliated BP that react O2 and water vapor in ambient condition, degradation. The BP FETs was electrically measured every 20 minutes (1cycle) in the air, the total cycle is 100. We show electrical changes with Mobility, On/off ratio, Current and a significant positive shift in the threshold voltage. We extracted the current level at Vgs-Vth = 0, -10, -20 and fitting with Swiss-cheese model. This model suggested that Swiss-cheese model is well fitted with degradation pattern of BP FETs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.44
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 1999

The present study aims at developing standardized patterns of ready-made Korean traditional costume for women in twenties and at suggesting classified standards so that consumers can buy high quailty clothes easily without dissatisfaction on unsuitable measurments. It was found from the dressing experiment results that new-concept patterns of Korean jackets onsidering women's bodies were seriously required because jackets fabricated by conventional patterns were not properily fitted to their bodies. During the processes of patten development, dressing experiment, and subsequent pattern adjustment, measurment standards classified by women's bodies were established, and new standardized patterns were developed in accordance with characteristics of women's bodies. These findings suggested that future studies on the pattern modification should be achieved continuously in consideration of ages, tastes, and fashions of modern women consumers.