• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.163-167
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• 1990

Antioxidative effects of soybean paste(SP) on the lipid oxidation were studied with the model systems of ground cooked meat(GCM)-SP or ground cooked fish(GCF)-SF and model systems of linoleic acid mixture(LA)-SP powder (SPP) or LA-SP extract fractions during oxida-tion reaction. SP played a role as an antioxidative substance in the system employed especially in GCM-SP and the antioxidative activity was increased with the increase of SP addition in the system of GCF-SP during storage at 6$^{\circ}C$ SPP also exhibited some antioxidative activity during the oxidation reaction of LA. the activity was increased as the concentrations of SPP increased in the range from 0.1% to 0.5% Considerable antioxidative activities have been observed in both water soluble and lipid soluble fractions from SP on LA reaction system.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.101-115
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• 1986

This study was designed to establish Korean food culture by analizing 17 sets of Jinyounuigue(진연의궤) Jinchanuigue(진찬의궤), and Jinjarkuigue(진작의궤) which were the records of royal party procedures in Yi dynasty. Side dishes were classified into 20 groups in this study ; Tang (場) 19, Jungol (전골) 3, J'im 18, Jun (전) 20, Jock 14, Pyunuk (片肉) 14, Cho 12, Hyae 17, Po 8, Chae 3, Bung 1, Nanri 1, Sooran 1, Sookran 1, Jaban 1, Kimchi 2, etc. all of 140 different kinds of side dishes. There was no tendency in omission or addition of food materials. Food materials were beef, pork, lamb, chicken, duck, peasant meat, dock's egg, fish, shellfishes, mollusca, curstacea, seaweeds, vegetables, fruits, beancurds, muk (a starch jelly), d'ock, muchrooms, etc. Seasonings were soysauce, pepper, sesame oil, ginger, green-onion, garlic, bean paste, ginger powder, red pepper powder, red pepper paste, salts, vinegar, honey, sesame power, etc.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2009

본 연구는 새송이 버섯을 첨가하여 만든 어묵이 체내 지질 대사와 효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐 30마리를 대상으로 고콜레스테롤(1%)첨가 기본식이, 30% 일반어묵 첨가 식이와 40% 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵 식이를 급여하였다. 평균 식이 섭취량은 대조군, 일반 어묵군, 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵군에 따른 각 군 간의 유의적인 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 체중 증가량과 식이효율은 대조군에 비해 실험군 모두 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 중성지질과 총 콜레스테롤, 동맥경화지수(A.I), GOT, GPT 수준은 대조군이 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. HDL-콜레스테롤의 경우 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵군이 대조군과 일반 어묵군보다 낮게 나타났고, 간조직의 콜레스테롤 및 중성 지방 농도는 유의적으로 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 혈장과 간조직 TBARS 수준은 대조군보다 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵군에서 유의적으로 낮은 수치를 보였다. 항산화 효소 활성도에서 SOD활성도는 대조군과 일반 어묵과의 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, CAT활성도는 대조군보다 새송이 버섯 첨가 어묵이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며. GPx활성도 역시 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이 결과들을 종합해 보면, 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐에서의 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵은 전반적인 지질대사 개선과 함께 SOD, CAT, GPx와 같은 항산화 효소의 활성을 증가시켜 항산화 방어계에도 긍정적인 효과를 나타냄으로써 앞으로 고콜레스테롤 혈증 예방 등의 혈관 순환기 계통 질병을 예방하기 위한 식품으로써의 활용이 기대된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.482-493
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• 2003

This study has been designed to stress the thoughts that soups should be offered taking into account customer's preference aimed at leading to eventual customer's satisfaction and the importance that Korean traditional food should take the lead in shifting dining-out industry's paradigm to customer-orientation instead of product-orientation. From August 15 through August 30, 2003, the drawn-up questionnaires were handed out to 500 numbers of adults aged over 20 living in Seoul, metropolitan city of Korea and the finally collected 361 questionnaires from them have been analysed as a subject for this study. It showed that the male respondents(44%) dined out much more frequently than the female respondents(35%) and their rate of 5,000-7,000 Won for a meal was most preferred as their average expenditure at one sitting in the restaurant. When eating Korean food at home or in a restaurant, the majority(5l,3%) of them think the soups(Tang) should be served coupled with their ordered meals. Among soups using flesh and meat as a staple material, they most preferred beef & bone soup(33.2%), followed by beep rib soup(30.4%) and beef soup with seasoned red pepper(l0.8%), and among soups using fish & shell and crustacean as a staple material, most preferred were hot fish soup(20.6%), loach soup(l5.2%) and hot crab soup(11.4%). Among soups using beans as a staple material, they most preferred soybean paste stew(33.2%), uncurdled soybean curd stew(29.4%) and Dambuk stew(l5.8%). Among soups using fowls and birds as a staple material, chicken soup with ginseng(51.9%), plain chicken soup(l8.4%) and chicken soup with red pepper sauce(l2.3%) falls on the most preferred. Among soups using vegetables and seaweeds as a staple material, most preferred are sea mustard soup(25.3%), Kimchi soup(16.8%), soybean paste soup with Chinese cabbage(13.0%) and bean sprout soup(10.1%). The soups(Tang) most preferred in the morning time are those soups whose staple materials are vegetables and seaweeds, such as sea mustard soup, bean sprout soup, Kimchi soup and soybean paste soup with Chinese cabbage while the soups most preferred for the lunch time are beef & bone soup, beep rib soup, chicken soup with ginseng and beef soup with seasoned red pepper while beef soup with seasoned red pepper, beef & bone soup, soybean curd stew and Kimchi soup are most preferred soups for the dinner time. The survey showed that 41 % of the subject preferred chicken soup with ginseng for a food considered good by themselves for their health. The male respondents preferred Bosin-tang(soup of edible-dog meat) than the female counterparts did, while the female respondents preferred chicken soup with ginseng than the male counterparts did. The survey showed that when eating korean traditional food, 70% of the subject are visiting a restaurant where soups are cooked delicious while 61% of the subject think that price does not matter if only food tastes good, which is reflecting that taste of food is a decisive factor in selecting menu rather than its price is. In conclusion, you can say that taste of soup is the most important factor creating steady customer in the restaurant, taking it into account Korean people most prefer their traditional food when dining out.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.675-685
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• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool, the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for screening Overweight Dietary Patterns in people in their 20's. We used the data from the 20 to 29 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys: the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 1998. The 1,493 adults were classified into two body fatness groups, that of normal (including the underweight) , and the overweight (including the obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW). When comparing general variables between the two groups, significant differences (11 variables) were found in gender, sadness/depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, presently a smoker, everyday smoking habits, number of alcoholic drinks in the past month, and the number of alcoholic drinks when dunk, as well as snacking frequency and fatty food consumption. There were significant differences between the two groups in the three variables of daily soup/kuk, pan fried fish/meat/poultry and cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid in terms of cooked food intake, and 11 variables of food size, cooked rice, stews, vegetables and kimchi at breakfast, panfried foods and beverage/teas at lunch, cooked rice and stews (liquid) at dinner, cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid at snacks and cooked fishpaste/ham/dried squid at snack between lunch and dinner. In terms of raw food intake, we observed significant differences (8 variables) in daily food intake and grains, grains/vegetables/fishes (shellfish) at breakfast, meat at lunch and milt at snack after dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis using 34 variables, including these 33, plus eating-out frequency, we chose 10 questions for the simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight category, in order to give each one point each. Among them we assigned an additional point to one question and two points to another question. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the questionnaire developed, were 5.97 $\pm$ 2.36 and 7.36 $\pm$ 2.21, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 49.3%,75.4% and 68.8%, respectively. The total score categorized as an overweight dietary pattern was 30.2%.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.195-205
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• 1985

크릴을 보다 유효하게 식량으로 이용하기 위한 방안의 하나로, 크릴을 원료로 하여 식품가공용 중간소재, 즉 크릴페이스트(krill paste)를 제조하기 위한 가공조건, 중간소재로서의 이용법 및 저장안정성을 검토하고 아울러 제품의 화학성분을 분석하였다. 동결크릴을 쵸퍼 (chopper)로 마쇄하고 마쇄크릴양에 대하여 $25\%$에 해당하는 물을 첨가한 다음 교반 해동한 후 원심분리($1,500{\times}g$, 10min.)하여 액즙과 잔사를 분리하는 것이 좋았다. 이 액즙을 간접가열방식으로 $98^{\circ}C$, 20분간 가열한 다음 스폰지상의 열응고단백질을 여포로 여과하여 마쇄함으로써 크릴페스트를 얻을 수 있었고, 동결저장 중 크릴페이스트의 결착성증진, 지질산화 및 변색방지를 목적으로 크릴페이스트에 대해 중합인산염 $0.2\%$와 sodium erythorbate $0.3\%$를 첨가하여 이를 carton box에 충전포장하여 접촉식동결장치로써 급속동결($-35^{\circ}C$)시킨후 동결저장하였다. 이때 부산물로 얻어지는 진한 도색의 새우와 같은 방향을 갖고 있는 엑스분은 그대로 또는 농축하여 조미료나 수우프소재로, 잔사는 양어이료로서 이용할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다. 이상의 조건하에서 제조된 크릴페이스트제품의 일반성분은 수분 $78\%$, 조단백질 $12.9\%$, 조지방 $5.9\%$였으며, 수은, 카드뮴, 아연, 납 및 구리 등의 유해성중금속함양은 각각 0.001ppm, 1.15ppm, 9.1ppm, 0.63ppm 및 11.38ppm으로 이 는 식품위생적으로 안전한 함량이었다. 크릴페이스트제품의 구성아미노산은 taurine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine 및 arginine등의 함량이 많아 전체아미노산의 $55\%$를 차지하였으며, 유리아미노산은 taurine, lysine, glycine, arginine, proline 등의 함량이 많아 전체유리아미노산의 $65\%$를 차지하였다. 또한 크릴케이스트제품의 지방산조성은 포화산이 $32.4\%$, monoene산이 $29.6\%$, polyene산이 $38.0\%$였으며, 주요 구성 지방산으로서는 eicosapentaenoic acid ($17.8\%$), oleic acid($16.9\%$), palmitic acid($15.3\%$), myristic acid ($8.7\%$) 그리고 docosahexaenoic acid($8.4\%$)의 함량이 많았다. 명태냉동고기풀로서 어육소시지를 가공할 때 제품 품질에 손색없이 크릴페이스트로서 명태냉동고기들을 $20{\sim}30\%$ 대체할 수 있었다. 또한 이때 식용색소를 사용하지 않아도 크릴페이스트의 색소만으로 어육소시지의 색깔을 유지시킬 수 있었다. 동결저장 중 크릴페이스트제품의 품질은 $-30^{\circ}C$에서 100일간 저장하여도 화학적, 미생물학적으로 안정하였고, 중합인산염 $0.2\%$와 sodium erythorbate를 $0.3\%$ 첨가함으로써 식품가공용 중간소재로서 제품의 기능성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 지질산화 및 변색도 억제시킬 수 있었다. 크릴을 원료로 하여 식품가공용 중간소재로서 이용가치가 있고, 저장성도 좋은 크릴페이스트제품을 가공할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2002

Carnitine is considered a conditionally essential nutrient because dietary sources may become important under conditions which either reduce biosynthesis or increase urinary excretion of carnitine. Therefore, it is important to have a database for dietary analysis for carnitine content. Because there is limited data available for the carnitine content of Korean foods, this study was undertaken to analyze the total carnitine (TCNE) content of 146 commonly consumed Korean foods. TCNE concentrations were assayed using a modified radioisotopic method. Beef and pork contained 91.09 and 17.21 mg TCNE / 100 g weight, respectively. Fish and shellfish ranged from 0.28 to 24.87 mg TCNE / 100g weight. TCNE concentration in milk was 1.77 mg / 100 mL and cheese was 0.49 mg / 100 g weight. Cereals and pulses contained between 0 and 1.43 mg TCNE / 100 g weight. The TCNE concentration of most fruits and vegetables was between 0 and 0.7 mg 1100 g weight. However, mushrooms contained between 2.77 and 7.02 mg of TCNE / 100 g weight. Soy sauce, soybean paste and fermented red pepper soybean paste contained 1.05, 0.28 and 0.5 mg TCNE / 100 g weight, respectively. These results demonstrate that TCNE concentrations are high in meat, fish, shellfish and milk, but low or non-existent fruits and vegetables. However, mushrooms are a substantial source of vegetable derived TCNE. These data will be useful in establishing a database for determining the TCNE content of Korean diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2004

Dietary pattern analysis is important complementary approach for identifying associations between diet and chronic disease. A case-control study was conducted in order to examine dietary patterns and the risk of colon cancer in Korea. Data were collected from both 137 cases with either colorectal cancer or large bowl adenomatous polyps and 134 controls regarding social-demographic characteristics and food intake using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We conducted factor analysis and identified 6 major dietary patterns: 'Well-being diet' characterized by higher intakes of potatoes, yogurt, soybean paste and vegetables, 'Meat & fish', 'Milk & juice', 'Pork & alcohol', 'Rice & kimchi', and 'Coffee & cake'. We calculated factor scores for each participant and examined the associations between dietary patterns and colon cancer risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a relative risk for colon cancer of 0.16 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 - 0.34) when comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of the 'Well-being' pattern. Significant trends of decreasing risk of colon cancer also emerged with the 'Milk & juice' (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20 - 0.79). In contrast, inverse associations of the risk were found for 'Pork & alcohol' (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.93 - 3.97), 'Coffee & cake' (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.07 - 4.46). For the 'Meat & fish' pattern, the decreased risk of colon cancer was observed in the second tertile, but not in the highest tertile when comparing to the lowest. The 'Rice & kimchi' pattern had a nonsignificant association with the risk. These data suggest that major dietary patterns derived from the FFQ associated with the risk of colon cancer in Korea. Since foods are not consumed in isolation, dietary pattern research in natural eating behavior may be useful for understanding dietary causes of colon cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.380-393
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lift-style and eating behavior of stomach cancer patients in the Daegu and Kyungpook area, and to collect basic data for nutrition education designed to prevent stomach cancer in this community. The subjects of the study were 102 patients who were recently diagnosed as having stomach cancer at the Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 105 persons who did not have any gastrointestinal disease, and included patients from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and healthy volunteers. The survey, which covered the personal characteristics and eating behavior of the subjects, was conducted by individual interviews using questionnaires. It was found that the stomach cancer patients (case group) had experienced a significantly higher level of stress in their daily lives than the control group. A significantly higher proportion of the case group subjects recognized their personality as pessimistic, and had family histories of cancer, compared with the control group subjects. The cancer patients had higher preferences for salty and hot tasting foods, and tended to ingest meals faster without enough chewing, compared with the control subjects. The level of nutritional knowledge of the case group was lower than the control group, and there was a positive correlation between subjects' nutritional knowledge scores and nutritional attitude scores. Subjects' estimates of their food intake frequencies during the decade before the cancer was diagnosed revealed that the case group consumed significantly higher amounts of pickled fish, soybean paste soup and stew, cooked vegetables, beef and pork, charcoal broiled meat and alcohol, while consuming significantly lower amounts of green tea than the control group. In summary, the results of the study suggest that the stress of daily life, a family history of cancer, and a pessimistic personality might be the risk factors for the development of stomach cancer. Dietary factors which were suspected as risk factors for stomach cancer in the present study included strong preferences to salty and hot lasting foods, poor eating habits, and frequent consumption of pickled fish, soybean paste soup, cooked vegetables, beef and pork, charcoal broiled meat and alcohol. A high consumption of green tea seemed to be a protective factor against stomach cancer. The results of the study appear to provide useful data for nutritional education focussed on the prevention on stomach rancor in local residents.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.398-404
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• 1984

단백질 폐수처리시의 세균학적 변동을 조사하기위해 연제품 가공공장 폐수중 기계적인 세정수를 시료로 하여 회분 및 연속배양을 행하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 활성스럿지에 의한 연제품 폐수처리에서의 BOD및 COD 제거율은 모두 $90\%$이상으로 양호한 결과를 얻었다. 2. 단백질폐수의 질산화과정에서 $NH_4-N$와 $NO_2-N$은 48시간까지 계속 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으나 $NO_3-N$는 별 변동이 없었다. 3. 원료폐수중의 세균을 회분배양에서 10 일간 순양해서 얻은 활성스럿지 가운데는 질산화능이 우수한 균은 나타나지 않았다. 4. 분리균 120균주 가운데서 Enterobacteriaceae가 $25\%$, Pseduomonas가 $23\%$로 이 이속이 우점종이었고 암모니아가 다량생산되는 폭기후기에는 Pseudomonas는 감소하는 경 향을 보였고 Enterobacteriaceae와 Aeromonas가 출현율이 높았다. 5. 염분요구성은 120 세주중 $50\%$가 $0\%,\;3\%$ NaCl, $75\%$ ASW의 식염농도하에서 생육가능한 균이었음으로 농후한 단백질폐수의 희석수로 해수를 이용할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.