• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.405-417
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the changes in food behaviors of dietary fatty acids over 2007-2018 among Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used data from the 4th (2007-2009), 5th (2010-2012), 6th (2013-2015), and 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. A total of 46,307 adults aged 19-64 yrs were selected and dietary data were obtained from a single 24-h recall. In the 4th and 7th data, the major food sources for each fatty acid based on the contributing percentage of the food item were compared. The consumption trends in the major food sources were presented as grams per day over 2007-2018 and compared across the survey periods using the multiple regression model. RESULTS: From 2007 to 2018, for total fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and monounsaturated fatty acid, the contribution of animal food sources, including beef, chicken, and eggs increased but plant food sources (e.g., tofu, soybean, and plant oil) decreased. As polyunsaturated fatty acid sources, mayonnaise, eggs, and bread showed higher contributions, whereas soybean and tofu showed lower contributions in the 7th data compared to the 4th data. For n-3 fatty acids, the contribution of fish decreased between the 4th and 7th data. Over 12 yrs, the significant increases in the absolute amount of consumption from animal sources were observed. In contrast, decreases in the consumption from plant sources and fish were seen across the survey periods. CONCLUSIONS: In Korean adults, increases in the intake of dietary fatty acids along with changes in the food behaviors during 2007-2018 have evoked great concern for SFA intake, which is a cardiovascular disease risk factor. Healthy food sources of dietary fatty acids should be emphasized in this population.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.824-827
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• 1994

어유의 탈취공정에서 첨가되는 steam source로서 초산 용액(0.2vol%), 구연산 용액(0.2wt%) 및 에탄올 용액(2vol%)을 사용했을 때 탈취된 어유의 저장안정성을 살펴보았다. 초산 용액을 사용한 경우가 에탄올 용액, 구연산 용액 및 중류수를 사용했을 때보다 어유외 저장안정성이 향상되는 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 글리세롤을 어유에 첨가한 후 글리세롤을 증류함으로 탈취시킬 경우탈취 정도와 저장안정성이 향상되었으며, 여기에 steam source로서 초산 응액을 사용할 경우에는 탈취 정도와 저장안정성 향상에 있어 단순한 수증기 중류 탈취공정에 비하여 훨씬 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 즉, steam source로서 초산 용액을 사용한 경우 저장 10일 후의 totox value는 443이었으나 증류수를 사용한 경우에는 936을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 초산에는 비린 냄새 발생에 관여하는 물질들의 분해효과가 있으며 글리세롤에는 저급 냄새물질분자들을 용해, 함께 휘발시키는 효과가 있기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.368-375
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• 2022

보구치는 어류와 요각류가 공통 먹이원으로 분석되었다. 광양만에서 채집한 보구치가 가장 많이 먹은 먹이원은 단각류로 ASV 빈도가 62.5%로 나타났으며 여수 어시장에서 구입한 보구치는 어류의 ASV 빈도가 16.6%로 가장 많았다. 광양만에서 채집한 참조기의 우점 먹이원은 십각류로 ASV 빈도가가 99.9%로 나타났으며 어시장의 참조기는 어류의 ASV 빈도가 51.2%로 조사되었다. 광양만과 어시장의 자주새우 우점 먹이원은 각각 요각류로 92.6%와 100%로 조사되었다. 광양만에서 채집한 꼴뚜기는 요각류(91.4%)를 가장 많이 먹었으나 어시장에서 구입한 갑오징어는 어류(96.6%)를 가장 많이 섭식하였다. 계층적 군집 분석 결과, 꼴뚜기 및 채집한 자주새우와 구입한 자주새우는 먹이원이 유사하였으며 보구치와 참조기, 갑오징어와는 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 네트워크 분석 결과, 요각류는 참조기를 제외한 모든 수서 생물과 연결되어 있어 가장 중요한 먹이원인 것으로 조사되었다. 먹이원 폭 분석 결과 광양만에서 채집한 참조기의 먹이원 폭 값은 0.001로 낮았으나 어시장에서 구입한 참조기의 먹이원 폭 값은 0.886으로 먹이원 다양성이 가장 높았다. 영양단계 분석 결과, 어류를 주로 섭식했던 갑오징어가 3.98로 가장 높았으며, 광양만에서 채집한 보구치가 2.0으로 영양단계가 가장 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 이를 통해 위 내용물의 DNA 메타바코딩을 활용한 먹이원 분석 연구는 육안을 통한 먹이원 분석 사이에서 상호보완하여 섭식생태 연구에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.779-784
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• 2016

We evaluated seasonal variations in the proximate, fatty acid and total amino acid compositions and mineral content of the muscles of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. The wild and cultured samples showed a significantly higher proportion of crude lipids than other components. Crude lipid content was highest in May in wild fish but lowest in May in cultured fish. We found no significant difference between wild and cultured samples in terms of fatty acid and total amino acid compositions and mineral content. The levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as n-6/n-3, were higher in the muscles of wild fish compared with those of cultured fish. However, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) levels were higher in cultured fish. Both wild and cultured fish were good sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA). In wild fish, the Mg and Zn contents were highest in August, while the Ca, P, Na, K, Fe, and Cu contents were highest in May. However, the mineral content of the cultured fish did not exhibit significant seasonal variation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 1988

This nutritional survey was conducted from September 17 to October 6, 1984, in order to investigate the state of the nutritional intakes of perple living Gapoe-Dong, coastal area of Korea. This survey covered a total of forty houses. The method of this research was based on the interiview-survey with questinaires. All of the food taken daily by the people are all weighed before cooking ; the rest of food after mealing are also weighed. Thus the amount of food taken by people can be come out. The results were summarized as follows; 1) The average intake of all nutrients were below the RDA, especially calorie, vitamin B2, calcium and iron were insufficient. The protein intake was only 55.2g but the contribution of animal protein to total protein was adequate(38%). It was provided mostly by fish and shell-fish. 2) Chief food sources were rice, vegetables, fish and shell-fish, and milk, eggs, oil, potato, and fruits were insufficient. 3) The level of education and the number of family were significantly correlated to the nutrientintake, especially correlation between family-size and colorie, calcium intake were significant.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2019

The proximate composition and mineral contents of 18 subtropical fish species caught off the coast of Jeju Island, Korea were determined. The mean moisture content was highest (78.0%) in the eight species of lean fish, lowest (72.6%) in the four species of medium-fat fish, and intermediate (75.4%) in the six species of low-fat fish. The lipid content was in the order of medium-fat fish > low-fat fish > lean fish. The protein content ranged from 17.7% to 18.9%. The mean macro-mineral contents in the 18 species were 290.2 mg/100 g edible portion K, 146.6 mg P, 113.5 mg Na, 67.2 mg Ca and 38.3 mg Mg. The mean value of micro-mineral contents were 2.1 mg Fe, 1.7 mg Cu and 1.5 mg Zn. These results suggest that subtropical fish from Jeju Island are good sources of protein, lipid and minerals.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.496-502
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the association between the dietary intake of fish and shellfish, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the middle-aged Korean female patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed with 356 female patients (means age: 55.5 years), who were recruited from the Huh's Diabetes Clinic in Seoul, Korea between 2005 and 2011. The dietary intake was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis program (CAN-Pro) version 4.0 software. RESULTS: In a multiple regression analysis after the adjustment for confounding factors such as age, BMI, duration of diagnosed T2D, alcohol consumption, fiber intake, sodium intake, and total energy intake, fish and shellfish intake of the subjects was negatively associated with triglyceride and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Omega-3 PUFAs intake was negatively associated with triglyceride, systolic blood pressures, diastolic blood pressures, and PWV. The multiple logistic regression analysis with the covariates showed a significant inverse relationship between the omega-3 PUFAs consumption and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia [OR (95% CI) for greater than the median compared to less than the median: 0.395 (0.207-0.753)]. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the consumption of fish and shellfish, good sources of omega-3 PUFAs, may reduce the risk factors for CVD in the middle-aged female patients with T2D.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2021

Objectives: The study aims to examine the variation over roughly the past 10 years (from 2008 to 2018) in the estimated daily dietary Pb intake (Pb-D) based on the variations of daily intake amount and Pb content in respective food groups. The following factors were considered: (1) variation of estimated value of Pb-D, (2) Pb contents in each food group and (3) the most influential food group for dietary Pb intake. Methods: Estimated values of Pb-D were taken from food consumption by the food groups reported in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey and the Pb content of each food group as reported in 19 previous publications. Variation from 2008 to 2018 of Pb intake was calculated from daily intake amount and Pb content in each food group. Results: The survey showed that main Pb intake sources were the food groups 'meats and poultry' and 'fish and shellfish'. These food groups showed gradually increased Pb exposure from 2008 to 2018. Estimated daily Pb intake was 42.18 to 57.68 ㎍/day for men and 30.97 to 42.54 ㎍/day for women. Both men and women showed slightly increased dietary Pb intake from 2008 to 2018. The food groups 'meats and poultry' and 'fish and shellfish' proved the highest Pb intake food groups. Estimated Pb intake from 'meats and poultry' was 8.47 to 12.98 ㎍/day and that of 'fish and shellfish' was 5.63 to 10.10 ㎍/day. Conclusion: Over the past ten years, daily Pb intake has slightly increased in men and women. The food groups 'meats and poultry' and 'fish and shellfish' might be the main variation factors of Pb intake.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1422-1427
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• 2013

Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), a traditional herb with high pharmacological value, contains more than 10% flavone by weight. To improve the biological activity of flavones in SB, we aimed to enhance the bioconversion of baicalin (BG) to baicalein (B) and wogonoside (WG) to wogonin (W) in SB during fermentation using beta-glucuronidase produced from Lactobacillus brevis RO1. After activation, L. brevis RO1 was cultured in milk containing SB root extract with various carbon or nitrogen sources at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. During fermentation, the growth patterns of L. brevis RO1 and changes in the flavone content were assessed using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. After 72 h of fermentation, the concentrations of B and W in the control group increased by only 0.15 and 0.12 mM, respectively, whereas they increased by 0.57 and 0.24 mM in the fish peptone group. The production of B and W was enhanced by the addition of 0.4% fish peptone, which not only improved the growth of L. brevis RO1 (p < 0.001) but also enhanced the bioconversion of flavones. In conclusion, the bioconversion of flavones in SB may provide a potential application for the enhancement of the functional components in SB.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

최근 내분비계장애물질로 알려진 PAHs 화합물 중 하나인 벤조피렌은 대표적인 PAHs 화합물로 음식을 조리, 가공할 때 식품의 주성분인 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방 등이 분해되어 생성되는 열분해 산물이며 토양, 공기, 물, 식품 등 전 환경매체에서 검출되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 PAHs[benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene]에 대하여 어류 중 지방의 알칼리 분해시간에 따른 분해효율, 추출 용매에 따른 추출효율, 정제컬럼의 용출량에 따른 정제효율 등을 비교 실험하여 알칼리분해를 이용한 어류 중 PAHs의 전처리방법을 확립하고자 하였다. 균질화된 시료를 알칼리 분해하여 n-hexane으로 추출하고 증류수로 세척한 후 Sep-Pak florisil cartridge로 정제하여 HPLC/FLD(고속액체크로마토그래피/형광검출기) 로 동시 정량 분석하였으며 각각의 PAHs에 대한 회수율은 약 90~106% 수준이었다.