• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.934-943
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• 2007

This paper presents a real-time fire simulation on the mobile phone using stable fluid animation techniques. Stable and fast fluid simulation methods are developed in PC and console games, but fluid simulation and interactive fluid models require too much system resources for applying on mobile environment. We studied and implemented physics-based models for fluids like fire and smoke effects using billboard and stable fluids simulation method on mobile 3D system. The mobile platform of our system is WIPI, which is the standard mobile platform in Korea, also we adopted NF3D API for our 3D programming API. We implemented real-time fire simulation and added it in mobile 3D game, "Rupee Story".

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.128-137
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to suggest ways to improve the operation of the Incident Command System for an effective disaster response in the event of a major disaster. As a result of the study, at the 5% significance level, which affects the perception of the operation, the significant variables that influence the operation of the Incidence Command System were found to be securing the operating budget, cooperation of the related agencies, disaster resource support, and expert training. The relative influence of the variables on the operation of the Incident Command System was found to be in the order of expert training, cooperation of related organizations, disaster resource support, and securing of the operating budget.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.195-203
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• 2008

Burn severity is an important role for rehabilitation of burned forest area. This factor led to the pilot study to determine if high resolution IKONOS images could be used to classify and delinenate the bum severity over burned areas of Samchock Fire and Cheongyang-Yesan Fire. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The modified Normalized Bum Ratio (NBR) for IKONOS imagery can be evaluated using burn severity mapping. 2. IKONOS-derived NBR imagery could provide fire scar and detail mapping of burned areas at Samchock fire and Cheongyang-Yesan Burns.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1 s.57
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• pp.29-45
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• 2005

Korean society became an 'aging society' in 2000 years with a population of 65 years and over occupying $7.2\%$ of the whole population. And we expect that a population of 65 years and over will occupy $14.4\%$ in 2019 years, so Korean society will enter into an 'aged society' Older adults can't react correctly and rapidly to the disaster due to the decline of the physical function, therefore victims of older adults due to the disaster will increase as much as aging proceeds. For reducing sacrifices of older adults due to the disaster, 1 suggest that the propulsion of the disaster service policy for disaster week people like older adults, the policy of minimizing casualties due to fires, reinforcement of fire resources and enlargement of disaster services in rural communities, offering information about disaster services and reinforcement of functions of public relations, making new connection systems (e.g. educating welfare and post officials as volunteer fire officials), supplement of fire fighters, and the policy of lightening fire equipments.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.512-518
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• 2006

The evidence containing some kind of petroleum at the fire spot was analyzed by gas chromatography to identify a fire's sources. To extract some petroleum from fire evidence, 10.0 mL of n-hexane was added in this solution, and it was shaken for 30 minutes. To identify a kind of petroleum in fire evidence, the prepared n-hexane solution was injected and analyzed in the gas chromatograph. The chromatogram of sample was different from those of thinner and gasoline that have low boiling point, and shown different peak pattern to heating and boiler oils. But it was similar to the chromatogram of diesel oil. After small amount of diesel oil was added to the sample, the area of characteristic peaks was increased more than those of raw sample. From the results, the kind of petroleum in the fire evidence was diesel oil.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2016

This study was carried out to compare soil physicochemical properties and nutrient concentrations of tree leaf between planted forests following forest fire and an undisturbed forest in the Bongdaesan mountain, where is located in the Ulsan metropolitan city. We established three deciduous tree planting (Liriodendron tulipifera L., Prunus yedoensis Matsum and Quercus acutissima Carruth.) plots, one unplanted plot following four-year forest fire and one undisturbed plot (Pinus densiflora S et. Z). Carbon (C) stocks in the organic horizon were significantly lower in the tree planted plots ($2394-3551kg{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) or the unplanted plots ($3689kg{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) than in the undisturbed plot ($9388kg{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). However, phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) stocks in the organic horizon were not significantly different among the treatments. Soil water phase and soil pH were significantly higher in the P. yedoensis plot (water phase: 13.7-18.4%; soil pH: 4.62- 4.80) than in the undisturbed plots (water phase: 7.0%; soil pH: 4.10). Soil organic C concentration was slightly higher in the tree planted plots (1.89-3.60%) than in the unplanted (1.41%) plots. Soil Ca and Mg stocks at 10 cm of soil depth were significantly higher in the P. yedoensis and L. tulipifera plots than in the unplanted or undisturbed plots. Nutrient concentrations (Ca and Mg) of leaf were significantly higher in the L. tulipifera than in the Q. acutissima and the undisturbed pine plots. The results indicate that P, Ca, and Mg stocks in the organic horizon was not affected by tree planting, but Ca and Mg stocks at 10 cm of the soil depth were enhanced by the tree species established following four-year forest fire.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.300-309
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• 2009

The effective utilization of wood structure is encouraged to preserve natural resources and the global environment. Long-span and large-scale structures are preferred to promote demand for wood. This study attempts to develop new Fire-resistance Composite Material composed of Structural steel and Structural glued laminated timber for long-span and large-scale structures. Prior to take a fire-resistance test, compare properties of bending strength with Composite material composed of Structural steel and Structural glued laminated timber, structural steel and structural provides the stability of the structure, but the structural glued laminated timber has high value elasticity of bending. Using the Composite material will improve structural stability and Eco-friend construction environment.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

We investigated moth communities in Samcheok, Korea, to elucidate the influence of the East Coast Fire in 2000. Moths were collected with UV light traps 4 times a year from 2006 to 2009 at 3 sites: Unburned area (Site 1), Surface fire area (Site 2), and Crown fire area (Site 3) sites, respectively. A total of 3,804 individuals belonging to 727 species from 30 families were captured at the 3 study 1,727 individuals of 505 species (27 families) at Site 1, 1,193 individuals of 353 species (24 families) at Site 2, and 885 individuals of 340 species (25 families) at Site 3. Species richness and individuals of Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Geometridae, and Tortricidae were the highest at all 3 sites. All of species richness, individuals, and species diversity (H') were the highest in Site 1 for 4 years. The index of similarity (${\alpha}$-Index) was higher between Site 2 and 3 in 2006, while higher between Site 1 and 2 in 2009. Moths were grouped into 16 categories by hosts of the larval stage. Individuals of moths of herbaceous feeding habit continuously decreased at Site 3, but proportion of individuals of tree feeding habits continuously increased. The present results showed that moth communities was relatively recovered according to vegetation change after forest fire and regeneration of moth communities in surface fire area was more faster than in crown fire area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.100-100
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• 2021

IPCC 5차 보고서에 따르면 지구 평균 기온상승은 저위도 보다 극지방에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타나며 이러한 기후변화는 극지 생태계의 변화를 초래한다. 이러한 기후변화에 따른 극지 생태계의 변화를 분석 및 예측하기 위하여 지면-생태계 모형을 구축하고 극지방 생태계, 수문 및 탄소 순환 등을 모의하는 연구들이 많이 진행되고 있다. 최근 극지 지역에서는 기후변화로 인하여 화재 발생 빈도가 증가하고 있으며, 이로 인하여 극지 생태계뿐 아니라 물순환에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 하지만 지면-생태계 모형안의 화재 시뮬레이션은 화재의 원인 파악의 부족, 입력자료의 부족, 화재 역학 이해의 부족 등의 한계가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 2001~2012년 동안 위성에서 관측된 화재면적 자료인 Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) v4 자료와 지면-생태계 모형인 NCAR Community Land Model (CLM)-biogeochemistry (BGC) 와의 실시간 융합을 통하여 기존 화재 시뮬레이션의 한계점을 보완하고자 하였다. 기존 CLM-BGC 모형을 통한 증발산량, 화재 자료-모형의 융합을 통한 증발산량 결과와 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 증발산량 자료와의 비교를 통하여 증발산량 모의에 화재의 중요성을 분석하고자 한다. 또한, 유출량 뿐만 아니라 토양수분의 변화를 시·공간적 변화를 분석함으로써 화재가 극지방 물순환에 미치는 영향을 나타내었다. 또한, 본 연구를 통하여 미래 기후변화에 따른 극지방의 생태계 및 물순환을 모의하기 위하여 화재 시스템 구축의 중요성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

As a reinforced fabric, asbestos has been utilized as a fire-resistant material as it has a superior flexural stiffness and heat resistance up to $1500^{\circ}C$. However, due to its harmfulness, its use has been prohibited recently and the even the installed asbestos materials are being repaired or supplemented if there is a concern about flying. Asbestos is mainly used for construction panels as a reinforced fabric and coating materials to ensure the fire-resistance of steel frames. Asbestos was used as fire-resistant materials for steel frames until 1991 and then prohibited as Act on Industrial Safety and Health limits the concentration of asbestos in the air. Classified as a designated waste according to Act on Waste Control, asbestos must be buried if there is no possibility of flying (panel-type materials) or cement-solidified and then buried if there is a possibility of flying (spray coating material) In general, it is required that a new waste landfill include a certain landfill facility for designated waste, but in reality there is an absolute storage of landfill facilities for designated waste as they only install facilities of the size required by the regulations. This could result in the 2nd environmental pollution as they cannot process asbestos wastes which will be generated in large volume in the future. This study explores a method that melts asbestos wastes at $700^{\circ}C$ rather than cement-solidifying the waste asbestos from construction sites, especially asbestos-containing spray coating. The study results showed that there was no change in the composition and shape even though asbestos wastes was melted at $1300^{\circ}C$, but there was a change for the specimen which was process in advance for low temperature melting and then melt at $900^{\circ}C$.