• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 1994

Hwabyung is a culture-related disease generally know among people in Korea, and various studies have been done by the Psychiatrists and by the Oriental Medical Doctors. While the Psychiatrists explain the Hwabyung as a disease having a unique patholoical process, the Oriental Medical Doctors explain it as a symptoms having the character of fire. When interpreted in Oriental Medical point of view, this can be concluded as 1)the cause of the disease is the depression of liver-energy(肝氣鬱結) induced by emotional suppression, 2)the reason why the disease occurs mostly to female is that they usually fail overcoming stresses and have physical and visceral weaknesses, 3)the symptoms are associated with the dynamics of fire, because the disease originates from the rising character of fire and from the inadequit supression of extreme heart-fire(心火) by the kidney-wter(腎水), 4)the reason why the disease goes through chronic process is because of the complexed emotions, converted fire caused by prolonged emotional disorder and inapropreate supression of fire with grow older. This results suggest thst the cooperative study of the clinical examination of the Psychiatrsis and the study on the fire by the Oriental Medical Doctors is necessary to establish the process of the disease, the pathological procedure, the prognosis and the method of treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.81-97
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study is to review the methods of combining acupoints of HANGYEOK(Cooling Mode) and YEOLGYEOK(Heating Mode) in Saam Acupuncture Method. Methods: We searched and investigated the journals and literatures by OASIS(Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) and relevant searching engines with the key word "Saam, Hangyeok, Yeolgyeok". Unfortunately there was no relevant articles on this theme except six literatures. Six literatures with the key words relevant to Saam and acupuncture were selected and analyzed according to each composition of acupuncture prescription especially focusing on HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK. Results: Analyzing HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK of 12 meridians, two different methods emerged. In HANGYEOK to treat Heat Pattern, one method is to tonify Water points and directly sedate Fire points. The other is also to tonify Water point, but sedate Earth points instead of Fire points. It is assumed that Earth sedation method is to eradicate the underlying Fire. In only Heart meridian and Pericardium meridian there is one method to treat Heat Pattern: Water tonification and Fire Sedation. In YEOLGYEOK to treat Cold Pattern, there is one method to tonify Fire points and sedate Water points. In Pericardium meridian and Triple Energizer meridian there are some different combination of acupoints depending on literatures. Conclusions: Considering HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK in Saam Acupuncture Method, two methods are mainly discussed in HANGYEOK; Water Tonification Fire Sedation and Water Tonification Earth Sedation. To remove the underlying Fire, it is regarded that Water Tonification Earth Sedation is appropriate and close to Saam's thought.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2023.11a
• /
• pp.43-44
• /
• 2023

Fire doors installed to prevent the spread of fire in buildings are made of paper honeycomb, glass wool, and other materials. Due to their high water absorption rate, they absorb ambient moisture and degrade, and their increased weight causes them to sag internally, creating voids that can warp in the event of a fire and allow flames to pass through. To overcome these issues, research is being conducted on the physical performance of lightweight aerated concrete. However, there is a lack of research on how to ensure fire resistance. Therefore, in this study, the backside temperature of lightweight aerated concrete formulations was measured and compared and analyzied with the physical performance. Since it is difficult to achieve low density by saturation alone, aerated concrete with EPS was produced, which resulted in a density reduction of 24'26%, but the strength increase per unit cement increase was 5'25%, which tended to be lower than the formulation without EPS. The results showed that the lightweight aerated concrete with EPS was 130~140℃ lower than the lightweight aerated concrete with EPS, which is believed to be due to the melting point of EPS delayed the heat diffusion. In the future, wo plan to conduct research to identify the optimal formulation for fire door core materials by varying the amount of EPS added and using industrial by-products to increase long-term strength.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.572-582
• /
• 2014

Fire-stations' works limited to the existing fire protection rescue and emergency services in rapidly changing disaster environment are not difficult to deal with the fire service demand of the people any longer. In this study, after calculating the importance of the disaster management about fire-stations' works by disaster management steps thorough a survey of experts about Fire and Disaster, firefighting tasks are to be redesigned. Experts have the higher rating in preparation step of firefighting tasks. Because securing resources and building systems in preparation step and safety training in prevention step have a high importance, it is required to improve efficiency of firefighting tasks through redesign. The most important point in redesign is to realize fire-stations' works are to expand and to develop such a policy if fire-offices excavate the civil and government cooperation works and provide such legal and institutional basis of establishment and operation. And it should be sought to maintain international cooperation for international disaster response. Ultimately, fire-offices will have further expansion in quality and simultaneously quantitatively by excavating 'collaboration (business cooperation)' or enhancing existing works in addition to existing 'fire and rescue, first aid' business.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2017

Domestic sandwich panel buildings are widely used on walls and roofs of factories and warehouse facilities. Factory and warehouse facilities have high fire load and rapid spread of fire due to their use characteristics, leading to large fires. Due to the characteristics of materials, walls and roofs are collapsed, resulting in life damage and property damage. In this regard, this study examined domestic and international standards of sprinkler facilities to prevent ignition of sandwich panel walls. Also, in order to check whether the fire was prevented by installing the head on the wall of the sandwich panel, the fire test was carried out with 10 cm, 60 cm, and 120 cm from the wall along the sprinkler head installation standard of domestic fire safety standards. As a result of the fire test, it was confirmed that the sandwich panel was prevented from igniting when the head of water pressure 0.1 MPa and water quantity K-80 was installed. According to the separation distance, it was impossible to measure the temperature at 10 cm, but at 60 cm, At the maximum temperature of $525^{\circ}C$ and 120 cm, the maximum temperature of the wall of the sandwich panel was measured as $276^{\circ}C$. As a result of the fire test, considering the fire point of 450 degrees Celsius in the fire test of the sandwich panel, the distance from the sandwich panel wall to the combustible is more than 120 cm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 1999

Present study deals with performance analysis of a cold inert gas generator which is to be used as an effective and prompt mean to suppress the fire. Every year, squandering of numerous People and assets by fire have been noticed around us. However, there seemed not enough progresses made to suppress the fire effectively for the past few centuries. Present study introduces CIGG(Cold Inert Gas Generator), basically a new conceptual approach to suppress the fire, through performance analysis of the machine and tried to suggest basic specifications of the heat exchanger which is a vital part of the machine, while at the same time, revealing the basic performance of the CIGG in the form of a design point.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.1215_1216
• /
• 2009

Most transformer use insulating and cooling fluids derived from petroleum crude oil, but mineral oil is some possibility of environmental pollution and fire with explosion. vegetable oil fluids extracted from seed has superior biodegradation and fire-resistant properties including an exceptionally high fire point enhancing fire safety. In this study, it is aimed at the practicality of substituting natural ester dielectric fluid for mineral oil in liquid insulation system of transformers. As a rise in coil winding temperature has a direct influence on transformer life time, it is important to evaluate the temperature rise of coil winding in vegetable oil in comparison with mineral oil. Three transformers for the test are designed with 10KVA, 13.2KV, one phase unit. The temperature are directly measured in insulating oil of these transformers with the two sorts of natural ester and mineral oil dielectric fluid respectively. Temperature of vegetable oil transformers was similar to temperature of mineral oil transformer in the same design at 80% load and above.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.1319-1324
• /
• 2007

Many researches have been performed to analyze the smoke movement in tunnel fires by using field model. Recently, FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator) v.4, which is one of the field model and developed from NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology), is widely used. In tunnel fires, FDS can show detail results in local point, but it has difficulties in boundary condition and taking long computing time as the number of grid increases. So, there is a need to use alternative method for tunnel fire simulation. A zone model is different kind of CFD method and solves ordinary differential equation based on conservation and auxiliary equations. It shows good macroscopic view in less computing time compared to field model. In this study, therefore, to confirm the applicability of CFAST in tunnel fire analysis, numerical simulations using CFAST are conducted to analyze smoke movement in longitudinal ventilation reduced-scale tunnel fires. Then the results are compared with experimental results. The differences of temperature and critical velocity between numerical results and experimental data are over $30^{\circ}C$ and 0.9m/s, respectively. These values are out of error range. It shows that CFAST 6.0 is hard to be used for tunnel fire simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2010

Building a firebreak against surface forest fire is a typical indirect suppression method that stops spread of flame by removing surface fuel, such as fallen leaves and bushes. In the sense of fire dynamic, building a firebreak is to set a section which will block thermal energy from igniting on virgin fuel. This study suggests and evaluates a calculation method for width of firebreak against surface fire for variant wind and slope conditions by applying the Point Source Model (PSM) to fallen leaves of Pinus densiflora. Width of firebreak was measured based on the distance the threshold radiant heat igniting Pinus densiflora fallen leaves at the heat flux of $4.9\;kW/m^2$ reaches. As a result, at the wind velocity of 0~5 m/s and on the slope of $0{\sim}50^{\circ}$, the appropriate width of a firebreak was 0.35~0.65 m for the mean flame height and 0.75~1.05 m for the maximum flame height. Accordingly, considering the factor of safety, the most appropriate width of a firebreak is 1.05 m based on the maximum flame height. Additional comparative analyses through experiments and field surveys are deemed necessary to determine appropriate widths of firebreak for different types of surface fuel.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.08a
• /
• pp.387-390
• /
• 2009

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can easily compromised from attackers because it has the limited resource and deployed in exposed environments. When the sensitive packets are occurred such as enemy's movement or fire alarm, attackers can selectively drop them using a compromised node. It brings the isolation between the basestation and the sensor fields. To detect selective forwarding attack, Xiao, Yu and Gao proposed checkpoint-based multi-hop acknowledgement scheme (CHEMAS). The check-point nodes are used to detect the area which generating selective forwarding attacks. However, CHEMAS has static probability of selecting check-point nodes. It cannot achieve the flexibility to coordinate between the detection ability and the energy consumption. In this paper, we propose the control method for the number fo check-point nodes. Through the control method, we can achieve the flexibility which can provide the sufficient detection ability while conserving the energy consumption.