• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2015

Arctic Ocean has rapidly melted due to global warming, by this, commercial ship has been operating through the area. Reason to develop the Northern Sea Route(NSR) even in extreme conditions, the distance than the existing route is shortened, which bring economic benefits. For these reason, the International Maritime Organization(IMO) established safety standards of the Arctic navigation(Polar Code) in order to ensure safe operation in the Northern Sea Route. In this study, it has been described ice types and safety standards of Artic vessel what officer needs to know for safe navigation on the Arctic Ocean. And It was verified by simulation the theoretical knowledge for the safe operation of the Arctic vessel. As a result, it was found that ship needs to reduce speed and analyze ice for safe operation before enter into the ice, it is necessary to enter at right angle to break ice safety and efficiently. Also according to the result of the simulation of navigation entering in ice channel(Lead), it was difficult to change course, it is believed that require emergency training for passing Vessel. In the future, It shall be analyzed precisely under various conditions of scenario.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.53-81
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• 2017

Targeted killing is a modern euphemism for the assassination of an individual by a state organization or institution outside a judicial procedure or a battlefield. Targeted killing using armed drones has raised profound anxieties in legal, policy, and advocacy communities in the United States and abroad, including among UN officials. The bottom line for targeted killing supporters is that targeted killing works as part of a larger counter-terrorism strategy. Targeted killing does what it is supposed to and removes the leader of a group. And despite growing legal, moral, and ethical issues concerning targeted killing, scholars agree that drone strikes and targeted killing operations will stay. The ACLU has sued top CIA and Pentagon decision-makers to seek accountability for the unlawful killings of three U.S. citizens in Yemen last year. Also, strikes by drones are associated with serious problems such as collateral damage to ordinary citizens and friendly fire. Targeted killings by drones also involves several issues to be resolved, including suspicions that they may run counter to domestic law prohibiting assassination, the opacity concerning their definitions and military actions, and the impact of whiplash transition. Finally, targeted killing program and the need for transparency. The assembly referring to resolution invites the committee of ministers to undertake a thorough study of the lawfulness of the use of combat drones for targeted killings and if need be develop guidelines for member states on targeted killings with a special reference to those carried out by combat drones. These guidelines should reflect the states duties under international humanitarian and human rights law in particular the standards laid down in the EC on human rights as interpreted by the european court of human rights.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2014

Objectives: Because of its properties such as resistance to heat, chemicals and corrosion; tensile strength; sound absorption; and affordable price, asbestos has been widely used as a building material, fire resistant and retardant, thermal and heat insulator, soundproofing material, and electrical insulation. Since the prolonged inhalation of asbestos can cause serious illnesses such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis after an incubation period of 20 to 40 years, the mineral was classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization. Children and infants are more at risk than are adults if they are exposed to carcinogens, due to aweaker immunity that has not yet been fully developed. Most childcare centers are operated all day and children tend to spend a great amount of time in the centers. This is why it is important for them to be systematically isolated from environments that may expose them to asbestos. Materials: In order to understand both indoor and outdoor hazards to which children may have been exposed, the study focused on actual surveys of asbestos used in childcare centers, paying special attention to slate-roofed buildings in the vicinity of the centers. Results: A survey of a total of 211 childcare centers showed that the buildings of 18.1% of the centers contained asbestos, with 60.53% of the material being found in classroom ceilings. "Tex" was the most used material for ceilings, making up 89.47% of all ceilings. An outdoor survey showed that childcare centers in Daegu Metropolitan City had an average of 143 slate-roof buildings within a distance of 1km. Conclusions: Buildings housing mainly toddlers, children, teenagers and others more vulnerable to the toxicity of asbestos are not subject to asbestos investigation by law. A legal and practical basis for asbestos control is required for such buildings. In particular, housing materials which contain asbestos in day care centers require asbestos control. GIS should be used to identify the location of buildings with slate roofing materials in the vicinity of daycare centers in order to gauge toxicity of exposure to asbestos caused by potential asbestos friability possibility in outdoor conditions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.77-86
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• 2018

Purpose - In the insurance distribution channel, the salespeople plays a role of representing the company, and recognizes the needs of the customers and plays a role in responding to them. Therefore, their turnover can have a great influence on the company performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between salespeople's personal - environmental fit and organizational commitment and turnover intention. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection was conducted a self-filling questionnaire for salespeople for about one month from July 24, 2017 to August 30, 2017. The subjects of the questionnaire were the insurance salespeople who work in the sales line such as K life, S fire. A total of 450 copies were distributed and 432 copies of the questionnaire were used for final analysis. The analysis program used SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs. Analysis method was Frequency Analysis, Reliability & Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis and Structural Equation Model(SEM). Results - As a result of Hypothesis 1, Person-Supervisor Fit had significant influence only on Continuance Commitment. Person-Job Fit did not have a significant effect on Organizational Commitment. Person-Coworker Fit had a significant effect on Continuance Commitment and Affective Commitment. Person-Organization Fit had a significant impact on Affective Commitment. Therefore, only , , , , were adopted. As a result of Hypothesis 2, Continuance Commitment had a significant effect on turnover intention. Therefore, only was adopted. Conclusions - This study suggests that it is necessary to manage the human resources in the sales field through studies related to salespeople's extension of the research scope and salespeople's turnover intention. Based on the results of this study, the conclusion suggests some implications for the efficient human resources management of insurance companies in sales channels. It is expected that it will be helpful for the salespeople to find out what kind of Person-Environment Fit affects the organizational commitment and how to manage the organizational commitment among the three dimensions of organizational commitment to reduce turnover intention.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2013

Recently, localized heavy rain is increased by climatic changes and landslide is increased. Also, because of landslide occurred in urban area, life and property damages are increased. Therefore, standard operation procedure of disasters should be established by steps and institutions so as to respond landslide. This thesis investigated application of current disaster manual so as to write SOP of landslide for disaster prevention related experts and accepted opinion for responding necessaries by using landslide SOP and important matters by step of disaster management. As the result of investigation, application of manual was low during the current response to disasters and application was the highest in responding step among the steps of disaster management. In case of landslide, they responded that response with SOP is necessary. During the organization of landslide SOP, they responded that training and education for landslide disaster are important at the step of prevention, conduction of landslide disaster broadcasting and provision of information are important at the step of preparation, guidance for evasion and behavior methods is important at the step of response and investigation of landslide disaster damages and reflection of record and evaluation are important at the step of recovery. In addition, for the requests for landslide SOP application, there was an importance of secondary factors such as expansion of professional manpower, strengthening of law and institution, education and training for SOP acquisition, etc.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.413-421
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• 2013

We, currently settled on the peninsula, have a long history and our ancestors lived over the vast land further to the central Asia and northern China. Normally, our ancestors traded with many countries, but they fought battles when they were on bad terms and many countries emerged and disappeared. In this history, a variety of cultures have been established and the traditional martial arts is a part of those cultures. Our martial arts has been almost severed because of the development of fire weapons in the late Chosun Dynasty, Japan's colonial rule, and 1950-53 Korean War. Fortunately, we can study the traditional martial arts from history books, the records on the martial art books and relics. Muyeadobotongji, the martial art book published in the late Chosun Dynasty, regrets the negligence of martial arts Giyae(arts) after Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and the Manchu war of 1636 and accommodated the martial art skills from Chosun, China and Japan. It is useful for studying martial arts, because it contains detailed description and drawings, clothes and accessories, and the specification of the weapons. However, the problem is the level of Giyae of the martial arts organization and individuals based on Muyeadobotongji vary and some organizations are arguing about the numbers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

In the event of a disaster (or accident), first of all, the ability to respond to an immediate disaster is important. This study investigated the disaster response capacity and the effects of disaster response exercise personnel. A questionnaire consisting of 28 items was used to assess disaster response capabilities. The questionnaire consists of contrast, preparedness initial response, warning, and response steps. Survey participants are self-service fire-fighters of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies participating in exercise. The effectiveness of the exercise. was measured by dividing the subjects before and after the exercise. Analyzing the difference between before and after exercise, it was confirmed that disaster response exercise. had significant effects on improving disaster response capacity. This study suggests that the disaster response exercise. has the effect on the disaster response capacity of the members and the necessity of disaster response exercise. As in the case study, if a company or organization regularly conducts disaster response exercise., its disaster response capabilities will improve. In addition, it is anticipated that in the event of a disaster (or accident), it will be possible to prevent or reduce property damage as well as property damage.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.103-125
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• 2008

After having changed its corporate brand from LG Fire & Marine Insurance to LIG Non-life Insurance in 2006, LIG Insurance has successfully built the corporate image as the leading insurance financial group by engaging in extensive corporate social responsibility activities. LIG, as 'a partner for sharing precious moments of life', intended to provide customers a new value of an insurance by building up the new corporate brand. It established three values to be shared internally. First was to instill a brand value orientation within the organization. Second, the firm identified the brand's value to be delivered to the customers. Third, they defined the image objective to be communicated to them. Based on these set of objectives, the company designed and implemented an integrated marketing communication(IMC) strategy over several years. The result was a successful transition to the new corporate brand name.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

As interest in urban safety has increased since COVID-19, various institutions have developed and used indicators that evaluate the safety city model. Yongsan-gu was ranked No. 1 in 2021 by Social Safety Index evaluation and was selected as the safest city in Korea. However, the Itaewon disaster in Yongsan-gu in 2022 caused many casualties. The study of indicators for evaluating cities' safety was necessary. This study aims to examine domestic and foreign safe city models and review the differences between each model and the indicators used to evaluate safe cities. As a result of collecting 11 safe city models and analyzing each evaluation index, safe city models can be classified into program-based safe city models, such as the World Health Organization's International safe community and the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction's International Safe city. Considering the diversification of threats to safety, it is reasonable to comprehensively consider digital security, health safety, infrastructure safety, personal safety, environmental safety, traffic safety, fire safety, crime safety, life safety, suicide, and infectious diseases when evaluating safe cities as evaluation parameters.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic materials for searching the way of improvement to heighten the emergency medical welfare level by one step further. To achieve this purpose, the subjects of this study were selected 452 college students in Gwangju, using a random sampling method. The statistical analysis methods utilized for analyzing the collected data are frequency analysis, $x^2$ test. The conclusions obtained from these analyses are as following ; 1. In question about necessary optimum number of persons for rescue first aid activity, health and non-health major college students responded by 39.2%, 45.3% respectively that rescue team 15 people, first aid team 3 people is most suitable. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 2. In question about security of the public health doctor and the emergency medical technician, all health and non-health major college students are recognizing necessity urgently, but there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 3. In question about 119 rescue first aid team member applying for an examination qualification grant to the department of EMT's graduate, all health and non-health major college students were highest by 52.9%, 52.4% respectively in "necessity" item. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 4. Because rescue first aid equipment level appears higher than 41.7% in non-health major college student's case by 54.2% in health major college student's case, health major college students are recognizing that equipment level should be supplemented more but there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 5. In question about equipment supplement, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 64.8%, 69.3% in accident type different special equipment. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 6. In question about rescue ambulance car size, we could know being thinking that health and non-health major college student each 61.2%, 56.5% is small and narrow that large size of the rescue ambulance amount need. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 7. In question about patient's state is worsened, because rescue first aid equipment is inferior, health major college student responded sometimes 55.1%, many 29.5%. very many by 11.5%, while non-health major college student responded 65.8%, 23.1%, 4.0% respectively. There was significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 8. In question about emergency patient must utilize for 119 rescue ambulance car, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 38.8%, 41.3% in "not so" item. In question about rescue first aid team's first-aid treatment ability improves more, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 58.1% and 58.7% respectively in "improve" item. In question about "119 rescue ambulance car must go more rapidly than now", all health and non-health major college students are recognizing that should be quicker by 58.1%, 60.9% respectively. When called to 119 all health and non-health major college students responded highest by 55.5%, 53.3% respectively that we must receive first-aid treatment direction from a doctor. In question about "119 rescue ambulance car must be made the pay system", all health and non-health major college students responded 74%, 80% respectively in "not so" item. There was significant difference in major department(p<0.05). In conclusions, In oder to provide superior rescue first aid service to people, a public health doctor should be placed in the situation room inside the fire station so that the doctor could instruct the proper emergency treatment suitable for each situation to the rescue first aid team. Also, national education about a first-aid treatment that do to all people is necessarily necessary in emergency delivery system and this should be spread extensively through school education and broadcasting medium and education should be gone side by side, and see that will can save emergency patients' life which is more when these education consists continuously fixed period for public institution of policeman, fire officer etc. specially. And for reinforcement of patient transfer system, public organization must procure special ambulance car so that emergency patient receive first aid treatment while transfer.