• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2022

Background: Firefighters may experience high environmental temperatures or carry out intensive physical tasks, or both, which leads to increased core body temperature and risk of fatalities. Hence there is a need to remotely and non-invasively monitor core body temperature. Methods: Estimated (heart rate algorithm) and actual core body temperature (ingested telemetric pill) measures were collected simultaneously for comparison during training exercises on 44 firefighter volunteers. Results: Prediction of core body temperature varied, with no specific identifiable pattern between the algorithm values and directly measured body core temperatures. Group agreement of Lin's Concordance of 0.74 (95% Upper 0.75, lower CI 0.73), was deemed poor. Conclusion: From individual agreement data Lin's Concordance was variable (Min 0.11, CI 0.13-0.01; Max 0.83, CI 0.86-0.80), indicating that the heart rate algorithm approach was not suitable for core body temperature monitoring in this population group, especially at the higher more critical core body temperatures seen.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

If a dangerous situation arises in a place where out of reach from the human, UAVs can be used to determine the size and location of the situation to reduce the further damage. With this in mind, this paper sets the minimum value of the roll, pitch, and yaw using beta flight to detect the UAV's smooth hovering, integration, and derivative (PID) values to ensure that the UAV stays horizontal, minimizing errors for safe hovering, and the camera uses Open CV to install the Raspberry Pi program and then HSV (color, saturation, Brightness) using the color palette, the filter is black and white except for the red color, which is the closest to the fire we want, so that the UAV detects the image in the air in real time. Finally, it was confirmed that hovering was possible at a height of 0.5 to 5m, and red color recognition was possible at a distance of 5cm and at a distance of 5m.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.363-377
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• 2018

The proper functioning of critical points on transport infrastructure is decisive for the entire network. Tunnels and bridges certainly belong to the critical points of the surface transport network, both road and rail. Risk management should be a holistic and dynamic process throughout the entire life cycle. However, the level of risk is usually determined only during the design stage mainly due to the fact that it is a time-consuming and costly process. This paper presents a simplified quantitative risk analysis method that can be used any time during the decades of a tunnel's lifetime and can estimate the changing risks on a continuous basis and thus uncover hidden safety threats. The presented method is a decision support system for tunnel managers designed to preserve or even increase tunnel safety. The CAPITA method is a deterministic scenario-oriented risk analysis approach for assessment of mortality risks in road tunnels in case of the most dangerous situation - a fire. It is implemented through an advanced risk analysis CAPITA SW. Both, the method as well as the resulting software were developed by the authors' team. Unlike existing analyzes requiring specialized microsimulation tools for traffic flow, smoke propagation and evacuation modeling, the CAPITA contains comprehensive database with the results of thousands of simulations performed in advance for various combinations of variables. This approach significantly simplifies the overall complexity and thus enhances the usability of the resulting risk analysis. Additionally, it provides the decision makers with holistic view by providing not only on the expected risk but also on the risk's sensitivity to different variables. This allows the tunnel manager or another decision maker to estimate the primary change of risk whenever traffic conditions in the tunnel change and to see the dependencies to particular input variables.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

The guidelines for indoor air quality of public transportations such as subway, train and bus was presented by Korean Ministry of Environment last end of year 2006 based on the great consequence of indoor air quality in daily life. Two main parameters, carbon dioxide($CO_2$) and particulate matters smaller than $10\;{\mu}m(PM_{10})$, were selected as index pollutants for the management of indoor air quality. The former pollutant, $CO_2$, is regarded as index of ventilation status and the major source of $CO_2$ in the train or subway is the exhalation of passengers. It is publically perceived that the high $CO_2$ concentration in a crowded subway will be reduced and ventilated with outdoor air by door-opening taken every 2 or 3 minutes when the train stops each station. However, there has not been any scientific proof and quantitative information on the effect of door-opening on the $CO_2$ reduction by ventilation with outdoor air. In this study, $CO_2$ concentration and number of passengers were measured at each station on the 3 lines of Korail metropolitan subway. In order to evaluate the effect of $CO_2$ reduction by door opening, the theoretical approach using the $CO_2$ balance equation was performed. By comparing the predicted data with monitoring one, the optimum $CO_2$ dilution factor was determined. For the first time, it was quantified that about 35% of $CO_2$ concentration in the subway indoor was removed by the door-opening at each station.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.93-98
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose the surveillance and combat robot framework for remote monitoring and robot control on the smart phone, which is implemented with the fusion technology called RITS(Robot technology & Information Technology System). In our implemented system, the camera phone mounted on the robot generates signals to control the robot and sends images to the smart phone of the operator. Therefore, we can monitor the surrounding area of the robot with the smart phone. Besides the control of the movement of the robot, we can fire the weapons armed on the robot by sending the fire command. From experimental results, we can conclude that it's possible to control the robot and monitor the surrounding area of the robot and fire the weapons in real time in the region where the 3G(Generation) mobile communication is possible. In addition, we controlled the robot using the 2G mobile communication or wired phone when the robot is in the visual range.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1229-1234
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• 2018

In this paper, a fire prevention system based on a broadband powerline communication (PLC) system is implemented and a demonstration experiment is carried out to prevent from or promptly dealing with possible fires within the nacelle of a wind turbine generator system (WTGS). For this purpose, an inductive coupler having satisfactory attenuation characteristic in the frequency region for high-speed PLC is also manufactured. It is confirmed that the implemented system can monitor the environmental change inside the nacelle in real time by transmitting various information obtained by the sensors such as temperature, flame, and smoke sensor installed in the nacelle and thermal image recorded by a thermal camera to the ground control center through the PLC system. Therefore, it is, considered that the implemented system will significantly improve the reliability of the fire monitoring and prevention system of the WTGS in conjunction with the existing safety system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.116-122
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• 2018

In Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) disaster, integrated and optimized equipment package including stretcher, isolation unit, patient monitoring and treatment equipment is essential to achieve proper treatment and prevent secondary contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and ease of use of integrated CBRN disaster equipment package for disaster medical response. This study was a randomized crossover study using a manikin simulation for emergency medical technitian (EMT). All participants used the existing devices and prototype of integrated CBRN disaster equipment package alternately. Efficiency was measured by time from vital sign change to detection or treatment application. Ease was use was measured by questionnaires for each patient monitor, stretcher care and isolation unit. 12 EMTs were enrolled. hypoxia-detection time of integrated equipment group was significantly shorter than existing equipment group (4.9 s (3.8-3.9) vs 3.5 s (2.5-3.9), p < 0.05). There was decreasing tendency of ECG change detection and facial mask oxygen supply but no statistical significance was observed. Overall satisfaction of patient monitoring device in integrated equipment group was significantly higher than existing devices (4(3.5-5) vs 3(3-3), p < 0.05). The use of integrated CBRN disaster equipment package shortened the hypoxia detection time and improved usability of vital sign monitor compared to existing devices.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.225-231
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• 2012

In this paper, we implement a wireless home monitoring system using physical computing platform with the open source type for house environment management. Sensors for temperature, optics and ultrasonic waves are used for home environment elements detection and control for the home safety. To obtain information related with home and transmit it to RIA Windows server system, XBee wireless communication system is used and the transmitted information is saved in mySQL database for history management. The possibility of prevention against fire disaster of a house situated in a dense buildings area and highly populated environments is suggested by adopting the proposed system.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2008

There are lots of studies on application systems using wireless sensor networks. As the application systems are adapted to industrial field, the reliability of these systems becomes new key feature. The lack of reliability is an obstacle to extension of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose the monitoring system framework that can offer the reliability of wireless sensor networks using a micro camera module and wireless sensor network nodes. And also we propose the efficient transfer method for image information over low rate wireless networks. Using these system framework and transfer method, we implement WiSN(Wireless image Sensor Network) based fire monitoring system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 2020

The shipbuilding and offshore industry is a large and complex assembly industry, which causes many safety accidents. The major accidents in the shipbuilding and offshore industry workplaces are stenosis, falling objects, dust, fire, explosions, and gas poisoning. The accident by worker in this industry mainly has three factors: frequent movement, narrow work space, and increased use of subcontractors. To control these factors, it is necessary to monitor the worker's location and work status. In this paper, a worker location monitoring system using inaudible sound wave was designd that can be used in environments with many metal barriers. The process included deriving stakeholder requirements, transforming to system requirements, designing system architecture, and developing prototype. The prototype was validated by third-party testing agency. As a result, it satisfied the designed performance and verified its feasibility.