• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2015

Objectives : This study is to report the effect of herbal medicine and acupuncture on a clinical pregnancy. Methods : From february 2014 to july 2014, a prospective analysis study was performed in 20 patients after taking her medicine and acupuncture treatment. Results : After treatment, two patients naturally became pregnance and one patient became pregnance after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Conclusions : This study suggests that herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment are useful and shows possibility to increasing pregnancy rates.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.369-384
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze anxiety and depression among infertile women at different time points during the first In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) treatment through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Seven out of 3,011 studies were included for meta-analysis. To estimate the effect size, a meta-analysis of the studies was performed using the RevMan 5.3 program. We compared the measurement outcomes at three time points: before the start of treatment (T0), cancellation of treatment after pregnancy detection (T2), one to six months after treatment (T3). The effect size used was the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: In comparing the different time points of the pregnant women from their cycle, significantly lower levels of depression were found at T2 than at T0. In non-pregnant women, anxiety at T2 and depression at T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those at T0. At T2 and T3, the non-pregnant women reported higher levels of anxiety and depression compared with the pregnant women. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression in infertile women undergoing the first IVF or ICSI are associated with the time points and pregnancy status after treatment. These findings suggest that attention should be paid to helping infertile women prepare for and cope with treatment and treatment failure.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2017

This study investigated the effect of pre-planting nitrogen (N) fertilization levels added to a soilless root medium on the growth of 'Dotaerang Dia' tomato seedlings. The N levels were varied for a total of 7 treatments: 0, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The pH of the root media gradually rose in all treatments as the seedlings grew; however, the differences in the pH were not significant among the treatments. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the root media was significantly different among the treatments from sowing to week three, then drastically decreased after week four, which diminished the differences in the EC among the treatments. At week six, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weights of the shoot were highest for the treatment with $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$. In contrast, the treatment with $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ had the lowest results for all growth measurements. The fresh weight was 67% heavier in the $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ treatment compared to the $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ treatment. The total N content in the tissues was lowest in the treatment with $0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ and highest in the treatment with $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$. The contents of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and metal micronutrients in the tissues were highest in the $250mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ treatment. A previous study demonstrated that adjusting the fertilization level to promote growth to over 90% of the maximum growth is a good strategy for lowering production costs and preventing damage due to excessive fertilizer absorption by crops. Our results indicated that the optimal pre-planting N fertilization level for tomato plug seedlings should be lower than $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the optimum tissue N contents should be around 3.21% to 4.60%.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2006

고령지농업연구소에서 육성된 '자심' 감자(Solanum tuberosum L.) 괴경의 자주색 육색은 안토시아닌 색소의 축적에 기인한다. 본 연구는 이러한 '자심' 감자의 괴경 조직에 안토시아닌이 축적될 때 결정적으로 관여하는 기상 환경요인을 분석하고 색소 함량 증대를 위한 질소시비 기준을 설정하기 위하여 수행되었다. 기상 환경요인이 뚜렷하게 다른 3개 지역에서 파종시기 또는 재배 작형을 달리하여 '자심' 감자를 재배하고 수확된 괴경의 안토시아닌 함량을 분석한 결과, 수확일을 기준으로 수확전 30일 동안의 야간온도가 낮을수록 괴경내 안토시아닌 축적이 왕성한 것으로 나타났다. 안토시아닌 축적에 영향을 미치는 질소시비 수준의 효과를 분석한 결과 고랭지인 대관령에서는 권장시비량 처리구에 비해 감량시비 혹은 증량시비 처리구에서 안토시아닌 함량이 낮은 결과를 보였다. 그러나 평난지인 강릉에서는 시비수준간 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 안토시아닌이 고농도로 축적된 자주색 육색의 '자심' 감자를 생산하기 위해서는 적절한 재배지대 및 작형의 선택과 시비관리가 매우 중요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.771-780
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• 2014

Tetragonia tetragonides is a medicinal plant native to ocean sand soil of southern provinces and has significant effects on the prevention and curing of gastroenteric disorders. Despite of its popularity, supply of the plant has never met the level of demand because of the absence of an adequate culturing method. The present study, thereby, was conducted for classifying the plants with geographically different characteristics, studying growth habits, developing a new culturing method and establishing a large scale propagation system of selected superior individual plants. The study was also aimed for revealing optimum conditions for seed treatment, fertilization, and efficient culturing system and thereby, for utilizing the plant as a new income source for rural communities. The seed was elongated with size of 2.6 mm (width) ${\times}$ 1.8 mm (length). No difference in seed size was observed depending on different inhabitate. Each flower produced about 4.5~4.8 seeds. Germination rate was high for seeds matured for 40 days after fertilization, but deceased to 50% for seeds matured only for 20 or 30 days. Seed dormancy lasted 6 months and seed storage at humid $5^{\circ}C$ facilitated germination. Mechanical obstruct of seed germination was due to seed coat and removal of seed coat enhanced the germination rate. Optimum temp. for seed storage was $5^{\circ}C$, and high germination rate was maintained for 350 days. However, for stratification condition or at room temperature, germination was significantly reduced as storage time increased Optimum treatment of plant growth regulators was soaking in $GA_3$ 250 mg/L for 1 hr. The priming treatment with 50 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ at $20^{\circ}C$ for two days improved the seed germination with 10% compared to non-treated control. The treatment of 20% NaOCl for 3 hr. improved the seed germination rate up to 10% and 1 day ahead.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2010

비료주기는 묘목의 생산성과 품질을 향상시키는 방법으로 이용되어 왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 경제림 육성 수종인 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무를 대상으로 포지에서 질소, 인, 칼륨 비료주기가 묘목의 생장과 양분변화에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 측정하는 것이다. 비료주기에 대한 생장반응과 양분 동태를 각각 품질지수(Dickson's quality index, QI)와 양분벡터분석(Vector diagnosis)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 물푸레나무와 들메나무는 질소 비료 처리구에서 가장 높은 수고와 근원경 생장을 보였으며, 잣나무의 경우 질소 비료 처리구에서 수고 생장이 약간 감소했고, 전나무는 비료주기 효과가 없었다. 물푸레나무의 QI는 질소 비료 처리구에서 가장 높았고 칼륨 비료 처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 들메나무의 QI도 질소 비료 처리구에서 가장 높았고 대조구에서 가장 낮았다. 잣나무와 전나무의 QI는 비료주기 처리 간에 유의한 차이는 없었지만 인 비료 처리구에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 질소 비료주기는 대조구에 비하여 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무의 건중량을 각각 43, 41, 26, -9% 증가시켰고, 인 비료주기는 -2, 4, -11, -10% 증가시켰으며, 칼륨 비료주기는 -25, 23, 18, -11% 증가시켰다. 비료주기에 대한 양분벡터반응은 수종과 양분종류에 따라 상이한 경향이 나타났다. 예를 들면 물푸레나무의 경우 질소 비료주기에 대해 양분 N은 농도 변화 없이 양분함량이 증가하는 "양분최적" 상태를 보이고, 양분 P는 농도와 양분함량이 모두 감소하고, 양분 K는 농도 변화 없이 양분함량만 감소했다. 잣나무의 경우 질소 비료주기에 대해 양분 N, P, K 농도는 감소하고 양분함량은 증가하는 "양분희석" 현상이 나타났으며, 인 비료주기는 양분 N, P, K 농도 변화 없이 양분 함량이 감소하는 "과량집적" 현상이 나타났다. 묘목 생산 단계에서 우량한 것으로 판정된 묘목이 산지에서도 높은 적응성을 보이는지에 대한 연구가 향후 필요하지만, 물푸레나무와 들메나무의 경우 질소 비료주기 처리에서 높은 산지 적응성을 보일 것으로 예상된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1992

Previous studies have indicated that immunological factor is responsible for the infertility. We have detected sperm antibodies in ZIFT patients which grouped as fertilization failure (A; n=18) and low fertilization rate (${\leq}50%$)(B; n=20). Patients, however, had normal oocytes and sperms. We collected serum from wives and semen from husbands and donors (fertile sperm), if it was needed. We examined class, binding patterns and amounts of antisperm antibodies(ASA) by direct and indirect immunobead binding assay. In group A, 11 husbands were ASA positive showing 62.2% and 61.1% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively, and two wives were ASA positive showing 70.0% and 71.0% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively. Binding sites were mainly at the head of sperms (84%). In group B, 8 husbands were ASA positive showing 37.5% and 40.0% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively, and two wives were ASA positive showing 41.3% and 42.0% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively. Binding sites were also mainly at the head of sperms (78%). For the treatment of ZIFT patients who had fertilization failure at the first trial, we used albumin fractionation method and dilution method with 30% fetal cord serum (FCS) to reduce the titer of ASA. We used partial zona dissection (P.Z.D.) method for wives who have antisperm antibodies in their serum. According to represented method, we could inhance the fertilization rate to 60.0% by albumin fractionation and 20.0% by P.Z.D., respectively. We concluded that the use of micromanipulation like P.Z.D. or the other sperm processing methods is required to increase a chance of fertilization. This result suggested that it should be a prerequisite to test antisperm antibodies prior to entering assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2001

A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of mothers pregnant via in vitro fertilization (IVF). Sample of nine mothers participated. Ten theme clusters emerged when the formulated meanings were organized into categories. During the infertility period, the participants were subject to self- depreciation, envy, anxiety, and depression. It changed their priorities in life from a job-oriented life to one where having a baby was the most important thing. After trying numerous alternative therapies, IVF became their last hope in having a baby. Since the success rate for IVF is low (only 20-30%), the participants for the treatment were overwhelmed with uncertainty, and it led to further anxiety, depression and despair. Success of pregnancy gave them extreme satisfaction, but they became very cautious in their day-to-day life because of their fear of abortion and early delivery. Some were even worried about the side effect of IVF during the pregnancy. Finally, the delivery of the baby gave them relief from the obligation of having a baby. Women did not have any difficulties in rearing a "test tube baby" except in the case of twins. Most women had no ethical difficulty in having a baby by IVF. However they did not wish this information to be revealed to other people. They again turned to IVF to have a son(s) when the resultory child(s) was a daughter(s). This is because of the strong preference for sons in Korean society.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.283-287
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• 2015

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ovulation rate and its relationship to fertilization ability in Landrace, Durock and Crossbred pigs. Gilts were natural mated at a body weight of at least 120 kg under the same hormone treatment. Embryos were surgically collected 1 day after natural mating (Day 0). Embryos derived from in vivo-fertilized oocytes were cultured in medium PZM-3. The ovaries were examined and the pathological findings were recorded. The number of corpus hemorrhagicum was counted, and was assumed to equal the ovulation rate. There was no difference in the number of corpus hemorrhagicum (20.4, 28.8 and 23.2) and ovulation (13.5, 26.8 and 17.2) in the Landrace, Durock and Crossbred pigs. The two pronucleus formation was 76.0, 80.0 and 86.9%. The Day-7 embryos had blastocyst rates of 68.0, 75.0 and 73.9%. There was no difference in the number of total cells and apoptotic cells. In the future, more studies require determining relationships between ovulation and fertilization rate in different species of pigs.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of guided imagery on stress including cognitive, affective, marital and social, and anxiety among women receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: Data were collected between April, 21 and June, 17, 2008. The participants in this study were 57 women (26 for the experimental group, 31 for the control group) receiving IVF for primary or secondary infertility in one of the outpatient infertility centers in Seoul. The guided imagery (Suk, 2001) was provided through audio CD to the experimental group by themselves 8 minutes per day for 2 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 windows program. Results: After guided imagery, the experimental group showed significantly lower affective stress and total stress scores. Anxiety scores increased significantly in the control group, but not in the experimental group after treatment. Conclusion: The findings suggest that guided imagery is an effective nursing intervention for reducing stress especially affective stress and anxiety among infertile women receiving IVF in outpatient infertility center.