• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2007

The potential antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from soybean and rice fermented with Monascus sp. were investigated. M. pilosus IFO 480 and M. anka IFO 478 were screened as a suitable strain to promote the antioxidant activities in soybean- and rice- fermentation. The methanol extracts from soybean and rice after fermenting for 20 days at $30^{\circ}C$ resulted in a significant increase in the antioxidant capacities expressed as radical (ABTS and DPPH) scavenging assay and peroxidation inhibition (%) by thiocyanate method and increased (p<0.01) by a 2.6 to 3.1-fold compared with those of the unfermented products. The average antioxidant potentials of Monascus-fermented soybean extracts (MFSE) were significantly (p<0.01) stronger than Monascus-fermented rice extracts (MFRE). A linear correlations between free radical scavenging activity of MFSE and the total phenolics content (r=0.84) and total flavonoids content (r=0.81) were observed. These results indicated that MFSE exhibited stronger (p<0.01) antioxidant activity and contained significantly higher levels (p<0.05) of phenolics than MFRE.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.380-382
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• 2016

청국장은 대두발효식품으로 발효 중 생성된 다양한 펩타이드가 들어 있다. 이들 펩타이드가 포함된 청국장추출물을 세포에 처리하면 세포 신호전달에 영향을 미친다. 인간 유방암 MDA-MB-231 세포에 청국장추출물을 처리해 주었을 때 세포의 성장은 농도의존적으로 억제되었다. 청국장추출물이 유방암세포의 증식을 억제하였고 암과 염증이 관련이 있으므로, 청국장추출물이 염증 유전자의 하나인 $TNF{\alpha}$ 발현의 억제 여부를 알아 보았다. 인간유방암 MDA-MB 231 세포에 청국장 추출물을 처리하면 $TNF{\alpha}$ 발현은 억제되었다. $TNF{\alpha}$ 저해제는 자가면역질환 치료제로 개발되어 있다. 본 청국장추출물도 $TNF{\alpha}$ 억제 효과가 있으므로, 이들 자가면역 질환의 치료제로 개발될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 버들송이(Agrocybe cylindracea)와 말똥진흙버섯(Phellinus igniarius)을 배양한 대두 추출물의 암예방 효과를 검토하기 위하여 in vitro상에서 암발생 억제물질 연구에 널리 이용되고 있는 기작 즉, Quinone reductase(QR), glutathione S-transerase(GST)의 활성 유도, glutathione(GSH)의 생성 촉진 그리고, polyamine 합성대사의 억제능을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 버들송이와 말똥진흙버섯를 배양한 대두 추출물이 마우스 hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cell 배양에서 QR과 GST 유도활성이 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 GSH 생성량은 버들송이를 배양한 대두 추출물에서 20%, 말똥진흙버섯를 배양한 대두 추출물에서 40%로 증가하였다. 한편, 버들송이와 말똥진흙버섯을 배양한 대두 추출물의 polyamine 합성대사의 억제효과를 검토하기 위해 Acanthamoeba castellanii의 증식을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 버들송이와 말똥진흙버섯을 배양한 대두 추출물 20mg/3ml와 40mg/3ml를 처리할 경우 A. castellanii의 증식을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과 담자균을 배양한 대두 추출물은 in vitro상에서 나타난 암과 관련된 각종 활성으로부터 암예방 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 기능성 식품으로서의 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2016

Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium that has been isolated from contaminated fermented soybean food products and from the environment. B. cereus produces diarrheal and emetic toxins and has caused many outbreaks of foodborne diseases. In this study, we investigated whether B. amyloliquefaciens RD7-7, isolated from rice doenjang (Korean fermented soybean paste), a traditional Korean fermented soybean food, shows antimicrobial activity against B. cereus and regulates its toxin gene expression. B. amyloliquefaciens RD7-7 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against B. cereus and inhibited the expression of B. cereus toxin-related genes (groEL, nheA, nheC, and entFM). We also found that addition of water extracts of soybean and buckwheat soksungjang (Korean fermented soybean paste made in a short time) fermented with B. amyloliquefaciens RD7-7 significantly reduced the growth and toxin expression of B. cereus. These results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens RD7-7 could be used to control B. cereus growth and toxin production in the fermented soybean food industry. Our findings also provide a basis for the development of candidate biological control agents against B. cereus to improve the safety of fermented soybean food products.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.878-880
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• 2005

Antimutagenic effects of methanol extracts of various soybean pastes against aflatoxin B1 were examined using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. Antimutagenic activities of boiled soybeans, Japanese Miso, traditional Korean soybean pastes, soybean pastes fermented by wild type strains, and soybean pastes fermented by mutants, transformants, and cell fusants were 53.6 to 54.6%, 73 to 79.7%, 78.3 to 95.7%, 85 to 97.1%, 71.9 to 78.3%, 65.5 to 77.7%, and 73.4 to 79.0%, respectively. Soybean pastes fermented by wild type strains showed higher activities than those fermented by mutant, transformant, and cell fusant strains.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.525-528
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• 1996

To investigate the inhibitory effect of soybean and Korean traditional fermented soybean products on the chemically induced mutagenesis, we extracted soybean, Kanjang, Doenjang, Kochujang, and Chongkukjang with water, methanol and hexane. Inhibitory effect of the extracts was assayed by the SOS chromotest using Escherichia coli PQ37 as a test strain. 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine(MNNG), and aflatoxin B$_{1}$(AFB$_{1}$) were used as mutagens. Methanol extracts showed relatively higher inhibitory effect than water and hexane extracts. Methanol extracts of soybean, Doenjang, Kochujang, and Chonhkukjang showed inhibitory effect of 68.4, 96.3, 17.5, and 100.9% against MNNG, and 28.6, 109.1, 41.3, and 101.8% against AFB$_{1}$, respectively. Doenjang methanol extract showed inhibitory effect of 51.0, 96.3, and 109.1% against 4NQO, MNNG, and AFB$_{1}$, respectively. Methanol extract of Doenjang showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect against 4NQO, MNNG, and AFB$_{1}$. Inhibitory effect of heat-treated Doenjang and Chongkukjang methanol extracts on the mutagenecity of MNNG and AFB$_{1}$ was remained over 95% of the inhibitory effect of heat-untreated extracts, demonstrating the heat stability of the potent antimutagenic activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.680-689
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 생물전환에 의한 품종별 대두 5종의 isoflavone 함량, 총페놀 함량, 항산화능 및 isoflavone의 분석법 검증을 시행하였다. HPLC를 이용한 분석법 검증 결과 isoflavone 6종의 표준용액과 우람(S-3) 비발효 및 발효 추출물의 retention time이 일치하는 것을 확인하였으며, spectrum 분석 결과에서도 같은 spectrum을 보여 특이성을 확인하였다. 직선성 확인 결과 isoflavone 6종의 검량선의 상관계수 값은 0.9998~1.0000으로 나타나 우수한 직선성을 보여주었다. 정밀성 측정 결과 일내 정밀도에서 0.22~0.88%, 일간 정밀도에서 0.34~1.00%의 높은 정밀도를 나타냈다. 회수율 측정 결과 daidzin은 100.55~110.21%, glycitin은 100.26~112.35%, genistin은 97.67~111.89%, daidzein은 100.95~110.43%, glycitein은 98.56~106.02%, genistein은 101.29~110.25%의 회수율을 나타내었다. Daidzin, glycitin, genistin의 검출한계는 각각 0.14, 0.16, $0.20{\mu}g/mL$로 측정되었으며, daidzein, glycitein, genistein의 검출한계는 각각 0.25, 0.29, $0.20{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. Daidzin, glycitin, genistin의 정량한계는 각각 0.44, 0.48, $0.60{\mu}g/mL$를 나타냈고 daidzein, glycitein, genistein은 각각 0.75, 0.89, $0.61{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. 생물전환에 의한 대두 발효 시 배당체인 daidzin, glycitin, genistein이 모두 비배당체인 daidzein, glycitein, genistein으로 전환됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 각각의 isoflavone을 합한 값인 total isoflavone 함량은 대두 우람(S-3) 발효물에서 $2,074.6{\mu}g/g$으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈으며 비발효 대두 새단백(S-5)에서 가장 낮은 $119.8{\mu}g/g$의 total isoflavone 함량을 나타내었다. 총페놀 함량은 진풍(S-4) 비발효물이 44.96 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높은 총페놀 함량을 보였다. 항산화능 측정 결과 FRAP는 대풍2(S-2) 발효물에서 0.22로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며 새단백(S-5) 비발효물에서 0.15로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. ORAC 지수도 FRAP와 유사하게 새단백(S-5) 비발효물에서 $195.24{\pm}3.08{\mu}M\;TE/g$으로 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며 대풍 2(S-2) 발효물에서 $753.79{\pm}6.95{\mu}M\;TE/g$으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Global Environmental Problems and their Health Consequences
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• pp.182-184
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• 2004

Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer globally. The effects of several extracts from soybeans and Korean soybean paste (doen-jang) on the growth of human oral carcinoma cells in vitro were assessed. We prepared petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, chloroform extract, methanol extract, and water extract from soybeans and soybean paste. We used KB cell, which is an oral epidermoid carcinoma cell, and investigated proliferation of the tumor cells using MTT method. Each extract of soybean paste suppressed the KB cell proliferation. A dose-response relationship was observed between the level of ethyl acetate extract of soybean paste and its suppression of the cell proliferation. The effects of soybean extracts were lower than those of soybean paste extracts. The effects might be enhanced by the fermentation of soybeans. The results of this work indicate that extracts from soybeans and Korean soybean paste could have potential as anti-tumor substances.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2012

Objectives : NK cells are spontaneously cytotoxic lymphocytes. These are not only important parts in the first line of defence against bacterial and viral infections of outside, but they may also play a critical role in chronic viral diseases. NK cells kill their targets spontaneously, without the need for prior sensitization and class I MHC restriction by the regulation of cytolytic functions and secretion of a variety of cytokines, such as interleukin-12(IL-12), MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$. In addition, macrophage and NK cells cooperate through the production of cell mediates. These cooperation and modulation are one of major factors to prevent for evading immune surveillance of cancer. Hence, it could be assumed that if any candidate to enhance activities of macrophage and NK cell, it is considered as a potentially useful agents against cancer. Methods : In our study, to investigate effect of fermented soybean extracts by Lactic acid bacteria (SFE, soybean fermented extracts) work on intestinal immune cell to maintain general immune modulating and anti-cancer activity. We analyzed NK cytotoxicity assay and gene expressions of cytokine related with macrophage and NK cell activity. Results : In vitro experiment, SFE was verified as safety material for cell toxicicty to tumor cell strain without any toxicity of tumor growth inhibition and various cell strain. Effects of macrophage activity stimulating directly by SFE measured induced cytokine. The studies showed that IL-12 production by stimulation of SFE depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 0.63mg/mL with non toxicity to cell, and it was the best activity at 0.63mg/mL. Besides, the effective concentration of SFE producing TNF-${\alpha}$ is similar to IL-12, but it was the best activity at 1.25mg/mL. The level of MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 10mg/mL, IFN-${\gamma}$ showed the best activity at the effective concentration of 0.63mg/mL. With the result of NK cell activity measurement, the spleen cell of mouse injected SFE had 1.5 times higher killing effect than non injected cell. Conclusions : The result of this studies is that Soybean fermetated extracts(SFE) has possibility to immune aided material for the function not only inhibition of microbial infection to macrophage but also activity of adaption immune and cellular immune system.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2005

Antibacterial, free radical scavenging, proliferative, and cytotoxicity effects of Doenjang extracts were examined. All samples except water extract showed strong antibacterial activity against oral bacteria, Streptococcus. pyogenes, S. mutants, S. sanguinis, S. sorbrinus, S. criceti, S. antinosus, S. gordonii, and Porphyromonas. gingivalis (MIC and MBC values: 0.08-1.25 and 0.16-2.50 mg/ml, respectively). DPPH method showed ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts are effective inhibitors of oral bacteria. Based on MTT assay, 24 h exposure to 0.31 mg/ml of all extracts, excepted water extract, resulted in strong cytotoxicity on KB cells. All extracts strongly inhibited human gingival fibroblast viability.