• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.846-853
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• 2019

Phytochemical compounds of Ligusticum striatum Makino are used as traditional medicinal herbs in Asia. These compounds are reported to have pain relief and antioxidant activities in gynecological and brain diseases. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effects of Ligusticum fermented ethanol extract from Lactobacillus plantarum BHN-LAB 129 isolated from Kimchi, a Korean traditional food. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents increased by about 116.2% and 281.0% respectively, in the fermented Ligusticum extract as compared with those in the nonfermented Ligusticum ethanol extract. Superoxide dismutase-like (SOD), DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and reducing power activities increased by around 139.9%, 199.6%, 301.0%, and 137.1%, respectively, in the fermented Ligusticum ethanol extract as compared with these parameters in the nonfermented Ligusticum ethanol extract, respectively. In conclusion, the fermented Ligusticum ethanol extract with L. plantarum BHN-LAB 129 was effective in increasing the antioxidant effects. The bioconversion process in this study points to the potential of using Ligusticum to produce phytochemical-enriched natural antioxidant agents with high added value. The findings may prove useful in the development of improved foods and cosmetic materials.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate extracts from mixed culture of Oriental medicines and cereal medium and mycelia of Trichloma matsutake and Cordyceps militaris by fermentation to develop new material for pharmaceutical products and medicinal food, Methods : To evaluate physiological activities of OCM extracts, we examined antioxidant activity(total polyphenol contents, electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity), ${\beta}$-glucan contents, nitric oxide production and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Results : Total polyphenol contents of fermented OCM(UF) and non-fermented OCM(UM) extracts were more than 40% UM and UF of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 25.67%, 23.43% respectively. Total polyphenol content of non-fermented extract (UME) was 12.57%, while that of fermented extract(UFE) was 7.05%. SOD like activity showed UM 85.35%, UF 76.18%, UME 58.42%, UFE 72.21%. UME, and UFE 31.43%, ${\beta}$-glucan contents of UME and UFE were more than 40%. NO productions of UME, and UFE showed a LPS dose dependent tendency. Cytotoxicity on Raw 264.7 cell showed more than 90% viability. Inhibitory effect of UFE on HT1080 cell growth was higher than UME. Conclusions : These results showed that extracts from mixed culture of mushroom mycelium and OCM have physiological activities which can be used in pharmaceutical products and medicinal food.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2011

Through the process of fermentation with Lactobacillus strains this study has evaluated the functionality of the traditional Korean medicine Bangpungtongsungsan after the addition of four other medicinal ingredients. In order to facilitate the growth of the Lactobacillus strains brown sugar was added to the herbal substances used. For both DPPH radical scavenging activities and SOD-like activities the medicinal mixture, when fermented through heterogeneous co-cultures, scored higher (at 77% and 42%, respectively) than when not fermented (at 31.7% and 36.3%, respectively). The co-cultured Korean medicine inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis PCI 219, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus KCTC 1916 and Propionibacterium acnes KCTC 3314. The inhibiting effects on ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 cells caused by the mixture, with and without fermentation, was seen to be similar (57% and 60%, respectively).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2010

Low quality fresh ginseng was fermented by Pheliuus linteus mycelium at $22^{\circ}C$ for 30 days, then extracted by water solvent at $100^{\circ}C$ for 180 min. On human normal cell lines (HEK293), cytotoxicity was about 10% lower in adding extracts of the fermentation ginseng than that from low quality ginseng. The fermented extracts also inhibited the growth of several human cancer cells. Among them, respectively, digestive organs related cancer cells, such as human stomach adenocarcnioma and human epithelial adenocarcinoma were most effectively inhibited up to 85% and 90%, respectively. Then, selectivities were in the ranges of 3 to 5, compared to 2 to 3 from low quality fresh ginseng. Generally, fermented ginseng extract showed higher anticancer activities as well as higher DPPH radical sacavening activity, possibly due to high contents of total phenolic components as 6.96 mg/g. It was very interesting that the fermented ginseng contained very higher contents of ginsenoside-Rc+$Rb_2$, compared to others in low quality fresh ginseng because of partition digestion of mycelium growth. The results can tell that low quality fresh ginseng can be utilized by the fermentation with Pheliuus linteus mycelium.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.361-366
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• 2011

Traditional herbal medicinal preparation Bojungikki-tang (BJT) is well-known herbal medicine used as tonic. We fermented Bojungikki-tang using nine lactic acid bacteria strains and discovered two remarkably increased compositions from the fermented BJTs using HPLC/DAD analysis. HPLC/DAD-guided fractionation of the increased compositions followed by structure identification using NMR and MS identified liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin. These bioconversion compositions were quantitatively analyzed using HPLC-DAD. Liquiritigenin contents were highest in BJTs fermented with L. amylophilus (1.91 mg/g) and L. fermentum (1.89 mg/g), which were increased by 20-fold compared to BJT (0.09 mg/g). Isoliquiritigenin contents were highest in BJTs in fermented with L. plantarum (0.19 mg/g) and L. fermentum (0.19 mg/g), which were increased by 19-fold compared to BJT (0.01 mg/g).

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2021

Lentinus edodes contains functional metabolites such as polysaccharopeptides, lectins, and secondary metabolites. Fermented soybean paste is representative fermented materials in Korea, and is gradually increasing due to various biological activities. In the present study, ethanol extracts of fermented products with/without L. edodes were designated as SPL and SP, and prepared to develop safer and therapeutic functional foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for treatment of inflammatory disorders. SP and SPL extracts exhibited antioxidant effects via inhibiting radical activities. Inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation were down-regulated by two extracts. SPL extract more strongly enhanced the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities than SP extract. Its' activities shown more longer fermentation period and more strong inhibitory effects. Taken together, our results suggested that fermented product with medicinal plant has synergic effect and SPL can be a potential candidate for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.518-522
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• 2005

Yogurt containing high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was developed using lactic acid bacteria and germinated brown rice. Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, and L. brevis OPY-1 strains were inoculated into Lactobacillus MRS broth for use as yogurt starter. After treatment with 5% monosodium glutamate in MRS broth, L. brevis OPY-1 strain isolated from Kimchi produced GABA concentration of 8,003.28 nmol/mL. Starter was inoculated into fermentation substrate mixture containing germinated brown rice extract and blend of powdered whole milk and skim milk. Samples were incubated, and viable cell colonies were counted. Highest number of lactic acid bacteria was reached between 16 and 20 hr. Concentrated rice milk fermented with high GABA-producing strain contained GABA concentrations of $137.17\;{\mu}g/g$ D.W., whereas concentrated fermented milk prepared by conventional method contained GABA of $1.29\;{\mu}g/g$ D.W. Sensory evaluation panelists gave favorable ratings to fermented rice milk containing high GABA concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.365-370
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of natural plants on the prolongation of optimal fermentation time of kakdugi, various kakdugies, added with hot water extract from 105 kinds of natural plants(68 medicinal plants and 37 vegetables), were fermented at 20oC until optimal fermentation time. In case of control without addition, the time required to reach the optimum acidity(0.6% lactic acid) was 60 hr. Among 105 kinds tested, 48 plant(42 medicinal plants and 6vegetables) extracts decreased the acidity after 60 hr fermentation to less than 50% of control. In addition, these extracts extended the optimal fermen tation time(>120 hr) by more than 2 folds. Moreover, among the above 48 kinds, 12 sorts of extracts raised the hardness of kakdugi, by more than 30%, compared to control. And the number of lactic acid bacteria in kakdugi added with the above 12 kinds was not smaller than that of control. In sensory test, 8 kinds of medicinal plants(including Phyllostachys edulis) were found to be acceptable. Based on these results, it is suggested that kakdugi added with 8 kinds of medicinal plants was adequate in the prolongation of optimal fermentation time of kakdugi.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects water extract of fermented new korean medicinal mixture, combinations of Mori Folium, Adenophorae Radix, Phllostachyos Folium and Citri Pericarpium (F-MAPC), on adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and glucose uptake using undiffernentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myoblasts. Methods : Each herb and those mixture were respectively fermented and then extracted with water. We carried on MTT assay for check-up on cell toxicity, Oil Red O staining for determination of cell differentiation and intracelluar adipogenesis. Western blot analysis for measurement of pAMPK and pACC, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and Glut-4 protein expressions were performed. Results : F-MAPC showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without affecting cell toxicity as assessed by measuring fat accumulation, and this effect was 2 fold higher in 0.2 mg/ml F-MAPC than that of the same dose of each fermented herbal extract alone. In addition, these effects were associated with modulation of adipogenic transcription factors, such as $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, as well as stimulated phosphorylations of AMPK and ACC. Translocation of Glut-4 was significantly increased by 10.2% in L6 cells treated with 0.2 mg/ml F-MAPC compared with that of control. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that F-MAPC may be an ideal candidate for therapy of obesity and diabetes by disturbing the differentiation into adipocytes, as well as the inducement of intramuscular glucose uptake from blood.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1999

It has long been recognized that dropwort contains specific funtional subtances for protecting human liver and preventing and curing its diseases, and thus it has been widely utilized in traditional folk remedy. In the present study. fresh of fermented extract of dropwort shoots grown on dryland and fresh extract of those grown on flooded fie1d were fed to the rats suffering from acute, subacute or chronical toxication induced by alcohol administration, and their affects were investigated. Administration of alcohol to rats and mice for 2 days at 5ml of 30% EtOH/kg/day raised total cholesterol and total glyceride which were, however, great1y supressed when alcohol was administered to the laboratory animals previously fed on fresh or fermented extract of dryland dropwort, or fresh extract of flooded field-grown dropwort for 20 days, without significant differences among the extracts. The levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase which were raised by alcohol adminstration were also lowered by feeding dropwort extract, among which that of fermented dryland-grown one was more effective than the other two. Chronic alcohol toxication was induced to rats by administering 10% alcohol for 10 months and fermented dropwort extract or tap water was fed to the rats for 5 days. The rats fed on fermented dropwort extract were lower in total cholesterol by 40% and in tota1 glyceride by 60% than the control. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the rats fed on fermented dropwort extract were decreased by 87.2% and 91.7%, respectively, compared to the control, and the rats recovered almost to normal. Activity of alkaline phosphatase, catalase, superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase changed greatly by alcohol administration in the rats suffering from chronic as well as acute toxication. The extract of fermented dry land dropwort significantly lowed the activity of those enzymes, especially, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase. The present results suggesting the possible medicinal effect of fermented dropwort extract to liver diseases.