• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6081-6084
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• 2013

Objective: Both estrogen receptors, ER alpha ($ER{\alpha}$) and ER beta ($ER{\beta}$), are expressed in 50-70% of breast cancer cases. The role of $ER{\alpha}$ as a prognostic marker in breast cancer has been well established as its expression is negative correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. $ER{\beta}$ is also a favorable prognostic predictor although this is less well documented than for $ER{\alpha}$. Materials and Methods: To explore whether ERs independently or together might influence clinical outcome in breast cancer, the correlation between the ERs with the clinicopathological features was analyzed in 84 patients. Results: $ER{\alpha}$ expression negatively correlated with tumor stage (r=-0.246, p=0.028) and tended to be negatively correlated with lymph node status (r=-0.156, p=0.168) and tumor size (r=-0.246, p=0.099). Also, $ER{\beta}$ was negatively correlated with nodal status (r=-0.243, p=0.028), as was coexpression of $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ (p=0.043, OR=0.194, 95% CI= 0.040-0.953). Conclusion: Coexpression of ERs might serve as an indicator of good prognosis in breast cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1749-1752
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• 2012

Colorectal cancer (CRC), now the third most common cancer across the world, is known to aggregate in families. USP7 is a very important protein with an important role in regulating the p53 pathway, which is critical for genomic stability and tumor suppression. We here genotyped eight SNPs within the USP7 gene and conducted a case-control study in 312 CRC patients and 270 healthy subjects in the Chinese Han population. No significant associations were found for any single SNP and CRC risk. Our data eliminate USP7 as a potential candidate gene towards for CRC in the Han Chinese population.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of lycopene on the migration, adhesion, tube formation capacity, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) cultivated with high glucose (HG) and as well as explore the mechanism behind the protective effects of lycopene on peripheral blood EPCs. MATERIALS/METHODS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from human peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. EPCs were identified after induction of cellular differentiation. Third generation EPCs were incubated with HG (33 mmol/L) or 10, 30, and $50{\mu}g/mL$ of lycopene plus HG. MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to assess proliferation and apoptosis of EPCs. EPC migration was assessed by MTT assay with a modified boyden chamber. Adhesion assay was performed by replating EPCs on fibronectin-coated dishes, after which adherent cells were counted. In vitro vasculogenesis activity was assayed by Madrigal network formation assay. Western blotting was performed to analyze protein expression of both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated p38 MAPK. RESULTS: The proliferation, migration, adhesion, and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity of EPCs treated with 10, 30, and $50{\mu}g/mL$ of lycopene plus HG were all significantly higher comapred to the HG group (P < 0.05). Rates of apoptosis were also significantly lower than that of the HG group. Moreover, lycopene blocked phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in EPCs (P < 0.05). To confirm the causal relationship between MAPK inhibition and the protective effects of lycopene against HG-induced cellular injury, we treated cells with SB203580, a phosphorylation inhibitor. The inhibitor significantly inhibited HG-induced EPC injury. CONCLUSIONS: Lycopene promotes proliferation, migration, adhesion, and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity as well as reduces apoptosis of EPCs. Further, the underlying molecular mechanism of the protective effects of lycopene against HG-induced EPC injury may involve the p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway. Specifically, lycopene was shown to inhibit HG-induced EPC injury by inhibiting p38 MAPKs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.811-816
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• 2013

Background: Pervious studies suggested occupational workers exposure to pentachlorophenol (PCP) might contribute to increased risk of cancer. However, few studies have focused on associations between PCP and cancer risk at the community level. Objective: The present study was to explore the cancer risk for the community population living long-term in a PCP contaminated area. Methods: All the cancer cases diagnosed in 2009-2011 in Tongling City were collected. The cancer patients' residencies were geo-referenced in each district. The historical PCP usage for each district of Tongling was calculated as the PCP pollution index, which was further used to divide into PCP exposure categories. Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) of cancer incidence were applied to detect the cancer risk as exposure grade elevated. Correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between PCP pollution and cancer incidence. Results: A total of 5,288 cancer cases (3,451 male and 1,837 female) were identified. PCP usage was correlated with the incidence of leukemia (r=0.88, P=0.002) for males, and with cancer of the esophagus for males (r=0.83, P=0.008) and females (r=0.71, P=0.020). Compared with the low exposure category, significant SRRs for total cancer sites was obtained for high PCP exposure category (SRR=1.61, 95%CI=1.59-1.62). Most SRR values of the cancer sites were significantly increased as exposure grade elevated and exposure time extended. Conclusion: The present study found that community residents living in the PCP contaminated area had increased risk of cancers. Leukemias, lymphomas and nasopharyngeal and esophageal cancers are most possibly associated with PCP exposure.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.185-187
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• 2009

The prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children was reported to be low based on a 5-year screening program in Taipei City, Taiwan. The Taipei City government intended to terminate the E. vermicularis screening program among preschool children. Thus, we were entrusted with confirming whether pinworm infections among preschool children in Taipei City had truly declined. From each of 12 administrative districts 2-3 kindergartens were randomly selected for investigation. In total, 4,349 children were examined, of which 2,537 were boys and 1,812 were girls. The cellophane tape adhered to a glass slide was used, and all examinations were done by certified medical technologists. Results indicated that the overall prevalence rate of pinworm infections was 0.62% (27/4,349). Although the infection rate was higher among boys (0.67%, 17/2,537) than in girls (0.55%, 10/1,812), no significant difference was found ($X^2$=0.399, P=0.62). According to the administrative district, the infection rate ranged from no positive cases of E. vermicularis infection in the Xinyi, Zhongzhen, and Wanhua Districts (0%; 0/299, 0/165, and 0/358, respectively), to 0.26% (1/131) in Songshan District, with the highest rate of 1.88% (7/373) in Wenshan District. Because the overall infection rate (0.62%, 27/4,349) in the present study was unchanged compared to that (0.40%, 197/49,541) previously reported in 2005, we propose that regular pinworm screening and treatment programs should be continued in some parts of Taipei City.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.355-362
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• 2011

Bog bean (Menyanthes trifoliata L.) is an endangered species in Korea and a perennial macrophyte with long rhizome, inhabiting in oligotrophic fen or edges of montane lakes. To decide appropriate substrate type for restoration of this plant, we investigated the effect of substrates (e.g. water, Sphagnum mat, paddy soil) on growth of bog bean. There were two water conditions on paddy soils: saturated and flooded. We planted 10cm rhizome in mesocosms and measured coverage, leaf area, leaf number and rhizome biomass. Bog bean growed until August in water and Sphagnum mat and until October in paddy soil. Rhizome biomass at the end of November were 49, 77, 239, and 312g in water, Sphagnum mat, paddy soil with water saturated, and paddy soil with water flooded conditions, respectively. The results indicate that bog bean can grow better in paddy soil which have higher nutrient than water or Sphagnum mat which represents natural habitat condition of bog bean. This reveals that actual ecological niche of bog bean is different from fundamental ecological niche in substrate. For successful restoration of bog bean in nutrient rich area, it is necessary to know the competitiveness of bog bean in various substrate conditions.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.7
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• pp.85-104
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• 2003

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die deutschen Satzmodelle $f\"{u}r$ Zwecke des DaF-Unterrichts in Korea untersucht. Dabei gehen wir davon aus, dass man die deutschen Satzmodelle vergleichend mit den koreanischen neu aufbauen sollte, um sie im Deutschunterricht fur Koraner recht benutzen zu konnen. Dafur haben wir hier zunachst untersucht, wie man die koreanischen Satzmodelle im Hinblick auf den didaktischen Zweck modifizieren muss. Unter $Ber\"{u}cksichtigung$ des dabei erzielten Ergebnisses wurden $anschlie{\ss}end$end die deutschen Satzmodelle rekonstruiert. Im Koreanischen wurden die Satzmodelle ab Ende der 1960er Jahre verschiedenartig untersucht. Zwar gibt es bisher noch keine Arbeit, die Ergebnisse dieser Forschungen zusammenfasst, dennoch versuchen wir hier aus einigen bisherigen Untersuchungen einen begrenzten Rahmen von koreanischen Satzmodellen herauszufinden. Als Resultat haben wir funf grundlegende Satzmolle hergestellt: (1) Subjekt + $Pr\"{a}dikat$, (2) Subjekt + $Pr\"{a}dikativ$ + $Pr\"{a}dikat$, (3) Subjekt + Objektiv + $Pr\"{a}dikat$, (4) Subjekt + Adverbiale + $Pr\"{a}dikat$, (5) Subjekt + Obj. + Obj./$Pr\"{a}dikativ$/Advb. + $Pr\"{a}dikat$. Das Modell (1) $umfa{\ss}t$ drei $Pr\"{a}dikate$, die sich nach den Wortarten unterscheiden: (intransitives) Verb, Adjektiv und Substantiv. Auch beim Fall (5) $k\"{o}nnen$ drei verschiedene Untermodelle nach der $Kombinationsm\"{o}glichkeit$ auftreten: Sub + Obj. + $Pr\"{a}d$., Sub. + Obj. + $Pr\"{a}dikativ$ + $Pr\"{a}d$., Sub. + Obj. + Advb. + $Pr\"{a}d$. Auch im Deutschen kann man ahnlich wie im Koreanischen didaktisch geeignete Satzmodelle herausarbeiten. Auch dabei wurden bisherige Untersuchungen zu den deutschen Satzmodellen herangewgen. Zu der $d\"{a}fur$ $ausgew\"{a}hlten$ Terminologie $geh\"{o}ren$ Subjekt(S), $Pr\"{a}dikat(P)$, $Pr\"{a}dkativerganzung(PE)$, $Objekterg\"{a}nzung(OE)$, $Adverbialerg\"{a}nzung(AE)$. In der deutschen Sprache werden nach den $Valenzm\"{o}glich­keiten$ des $Pr\"{a}dikativteils$ folgende Modelle unterschieden: S + P, S + P + PE, S + P + OE, S + P + AE, S + P + OE + OE/PE/AE. Unter die OE werden okk. OE, dat. OE, $pr\"{a}d$. OE, refl. OE usw. subsumiert. Um die Stichhaltigkeit der in dieser Schrift neu festgestellten Satzmodelle zu $\"{u}berpr\"{u}fen$, sollten sie anhand eines Textkorpus heutiger Texte in weiteren Untersuchungen validiert werden. Ferner ist es zu empfehlen, die Anwendbarkeit der hier vorgestellten Satzrnodelle im Deutschunterricht $f\"{u}r$ Koreaner $gr\"{u}ndlich$ zu testen

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

Antioxidative activity of crude saponin fraction (CSF) prepared from Basidiomycota cultured with fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) as substrate was investigated by analyzing CSFs for ginsenoside and phenolic compounds. On TLC chromatogram, ginsenosides such as $Rg_{2},\;Rg_{3}$, and $Rh_{1}$ which were rare in fresh ginseng, were identified. CSF of Phellinus linteus culture product showed the highest total phenolic content and electron donating ability (EDA), suggesting phenolic compounds contribute to EDA. In vitro lipid peroxidation was inhibited most by CSF of Ganoderma lucidum, indicating that the highest EDA does not imply highest inhibition against lipid peroxidation. Tyrosinase was also inhibited mostly by CSF of G. lucidum. These results suggest culture of Basidiomycota with fresh ginseng has more active substances than fresh ginseng alone.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 1987

It appears that a major determinant of the success of in vitro fertilization is the selection of the optimal follicle containing an oocyte capable of being fertilized and producing a normal pregnancy. However, the hormonal basis of oocyte maturation is not well substantiated by the as yet available informations. It has been suggested that prolactin(PRL) may stimulate the formation of an oocyte maturation inhibitor and thus inhibit the maturation of oocyte. During the hyperstimulated menstrual cycles serum estradiol($E_2$) levels are markedly elevated, and it seems justified to assume that serum prolactin levels may be elevated since estrogens are potent stimulators of prolactin secretion. This study was carried out to ascertain the effect of the elevated serum estradiol levels on the serum prolactin levels in women undergoing ovarian hyperstimulation with either hMG and/or clomiphene citrate. Serum estradiol and prolactin profiles were measured from third menatrual cycle day to ovulation or ovum aspiration day in 11 normal menstruating women and 30 women who underwent an in vitro fertilization procedure with ovarian hyperstimulation by hMG, clomiphene citrate/hMG, clomiphene citrate. Ovum aspiration was performed 36 hours after hCG administration. The day of ovum aspiration or ovulation was designated Day 0. Serum estradiol levels increased progressively during the follicular phase and this rise peaked on Day-1 at a mean concentration of 1,204${\pm}$189.0pg/ml in Group II(hMG), 1,194${\pm}$167.9pg/ml in Group III(clomiphene citrate/hMG), 1,035${\pm}$195.1pg/ml in Group IV(clomiphene citrate) respectively and on Day -2 of 336${\pm}$34.5pg/ml in Group I(normal control). The elevated estradiol levels fen rapidly after ovulation or ovum aspiration. Serum estradiol values of hyperstimulated groups(Group II, III, IV) were significantly higher than that of control group(Group I) from Day -6 to Day +1, but there was no significant difference of estradiol values among the hyperstimulated groups. Serum prolactin levels increased and peaked on Day +1 at a mean concentration of 60.8${\pm}$14.4ng/ml in Group II, 34.2${\pm}$7.0ng/ml in Group III, 30.1${\pm}$5.7ng/ml in Group IV respectively, but no significant elevation was observed in Group I. Levels of estradiol and prolactin can be positively and significantly correlated in the hyperstimulated groups. However, the increase of serum prolactin levels in hMG group was significantly higher than those in clomiphene citrate/hMG or clomiphene citrate group.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

In this study, we tried to overcome a limit in cutting timing of reed culm by applying a plant hormone, indole-acetic acid (IAA) as a growth regulator with various contents ($10^{-3}$ M, $10^{-6}$ M, $10^{-9}$ M, $10^{-12}$ M). 19 shoots emerged from 240 segments of hardened reed culm from montane fen and eight out of the 19 shoots emerged by $10^{-6}$ M IAA treatment as the most in $5^{th}$ Sep. 2012. 50 shoots emerged from 60 segments of non-hardened reed culm from a population in Seoul National University transplanted from Mt. Odae by $10^{-6}$ M IAA treatment despite the cutting was performed about two weeks later ($19^{th}$ Sep.). Via third cutting experiment performed about 40 days later ($29^{th}$ Oct.), only two shoots out of 60 segments were observed by the same experimental condition except atmospheric temperature. It seemed likely that it was too low temperature in third experiment ($10^{\circ}C$) than the former experiments (about $20^{\circ}C$) to form adventitious buds from culm segment. We recommend to utilize the thick reed culm in culm cutting as possible because the thicker culm segment we used, the thicker emerged shoot we could observe (i.e., diameters of emerged shoots were about 20% of the planted segment's diameters).