• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 1997

This study was conducted to analyze the nursing diagnoses applied for case studies of nursing students through their clinical practices, and to provide the educational basis of nursing diagnoses with its results. The data were collected for two years(1995 and 1996) from 70 case studies reported by the 2nd and 3rd year nursing junior college students. The students made 259 nursing diagnoses among which 230 diagnoses qualified NANDA classification and were taken for analysis. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1. The number of diagnoses indicating response patterns was 35(35.7%), whereas 98 diagnoses in NANDA table. Among the 35 diagnoses, the pattern of exchange was most frequent, then feeling, moving, knowing in rank. 2. The diagnoses were analyzed in the categories of response patterns. For Instance, 'Altered in Nutrition' was most frequent in exhange, then Risk for Infection', 'Ineffective Airway Clearance', in rank. 3. Among 230 diagnoses, 'Knowle Deficit' was most frequently mentioned, then 'Activity Intolerance' 'Anxiety', 'Pain', 'Altered in Nutrition', 'Risk for Infection', 'Ineffective airway clearance', in rank. 4. The types of word expression of each diagnoses were various. 'Activity Intolerance' was expressed in 6 types. 5. The relating factors applied to each diagnosis were analyzed. For Instance, the relating factor of 'Knowledge Deficit' were illness, and therapeutic process, lack of motivation, occurrance of complication, short experience, operation, and so on. From the above study, the researcher would like to recommend as follows : 1) The current diagnoses need to be verified its content validity, when they are applied to our culture. 2) The most effective educational method for applying nursing diagnoses should be explored. 3) Further study could be focused on not only 'relating factors' but also 'sign and symptoms'.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.38-55
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• 2005

Consumption has generally become more fragmented, hedonic and individual specific, satisfying not only functional but also emotional needs. In parallel, customer satisfaction is now thought to be both a cognitive and affective response, and the closely related concept of job satisfaction is commonly seen as an emotional reaction. The reasoning within quality management does, however, still lean heavily toward cognitive judgements (i.e. performance ratings), the emotional component clearly being under explored. Further, performance variables have shown not to be significant in predicting satisfaction for certain 'experience products', the effect fully mediated by emotions. As a consequence a cognitive judgement based quality concept has lost its ability to predict satisfaction, which clearly contradicts with the modem quality definition, stressing quality as the ability to satisfy the customer. Emotions have however entered the quality discourse and it has been proposed that having customers that are merely feeling satisfied will not suffice. Instead, there has been a plethora of executive exhortations in the trade press calling on business to 'delight the customer'. Strategies for doing so have however usually been imprecise and unclear, and the different drivers of delight and satisfaction are not well explored. This paper aims to complement the previous cognitive dominance by exploring the multiple emotional responses involved in customer satisfaction. A conclusion being that we currently are measuring something, in terms of satisfied, that is more or less independent of what we aim for, in terms of delight. It is also most likely that - depending on the situation, product, and person - other positive and negative emotions are more important outcomes of purchase and usage than merely satisfaction. It is questioned whether a single, summary response such as satisfaction is feasible or even desirable.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

In pulse diagnosis, floating pulse and sinking pulse are frequently used for diagnosis about where disease is located and how much severe they are. However, in what mechanism floating pulse and sinking pulse arise is not known well. There are two point of views on substantial of floating pulse and sinking pulse. The first one is the floating and sinking degrees is the expression on the depth of pulsation. And, the second one is floating and sinking pulse is based on the response of pulsation to the indent pressure on radial artery. In this paper, we discussed these two opinions in the view point of tonometric measurement. The process for diagnosis on floating pulse and sinking pulse is similar to the tonometric measurement for non invasive blood pressure or intraocular pressure. We modelled the degrees of depth of pulsation with different indent pressures for initial pulsation feeling and different slopes of indent pressure lines. From this modelling, we can confirm the effect of pulsation depth on P-H curve, that is, in the model where lower pulsation is assumed, the shift of optimal indent pressure to the right was observed. The response of pulse pressure to the indent pressure was tried to be modelled with the degrees of mean blood pressure. Consequently, we tried to model the phenomenon of floating and sinking pulse for the first. And, from this modelling, we can get abundant understanding on how floating and sinking pulse can be caused. In the further study, we want to prove the suitability of this tonometric measurement based modelling with various studies including ultrasound measurement for the depth of pulsation in different EMI subjects.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.416-422
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• 2000

In this study, to find out the physiological reaction of the human body and the sensation of comfort when people are wearing sportswear which is made of waterproof breathable fabrics under general environmental conditions (temperature : $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, humidity : $60{\pm}5%RH$, air current : 0.1 m/sec) and rainy environmental conditions (temperature : $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, humidity : $60{\pm}5%RH$, air current : 0.1 m/sec, rainfall : 250 1/hr), we made an experiment with sportswear in an artificial climate chamber and studied the thermal physiological response and subjective sensation. Mean skin temperature of the subjects was low and had a big range of fluctuation in rainy environmental conditions of two condition. Temperature started to increase at the beginning of the exercise, reached the maximum at the 2nd level of the exercise and then started to decline. Rectal temperature showed a slighter increase and bigger range of fluctuation in general conditions than in rainy conditions. Except clothing micro climate in rainy conditions, temperature and humidity and their range of fluctuation around back were higher than those around chest. Humidity was high and had wide range of fluctuation in general conditions. Heart rate was 4.4 beats/min higher in general conditions. In subjective test on rainy conditions, the feeling of discomfort increased due to the raindrops fallen on the skin. Unlike that in general conditions, cold sensation increased and humidity sensation reached to the peak after the exercise. In wearing sportswear made of shape memory breathable waterproof fabric, controlling function over a small amount of heat and water was distinctive while it turned out to be not so comfortable over a large amount of heat and water. Through this, the limitation of shape memory breathable waterproof fabric was recognised.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1084-1091
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• 2005

The indoor noise limit for road traffic noises is needed to secure comfortable acoustical quality in apartment houses. To achieve this goal, psycho-acoustic experiments were carried out with road traffic noise sources modulated by the transmission loss characteristics of the external windows. Finally, a correlation analysis between noise rating index and subjective responses, and an analysis of satisfactory percentage of the dose-response curves varied with respondents was conducted. As a result of this study, followings are suggested. (1) On correlation between dose level and psycho-acoustical response, the initial level of negative feeling is located on $40.1\~40.6\;L_{eq}$ dB(A), (2) On the degree of satisfaction to road traffic noise. near $35\;\%$ point being same dissatisfaction degree is to be assumed $40\~41$ dB(A) of indoor noise level presented into three vocabulary. It is suggested to be reasonable level of 40 dB(A) on the indoor noise limits for intruding road traffic noise. and it is appropriate to be the 5 dB level difference between grades. The results of this study may be used to evaluate the acoustic threshold level for road traffic noise or as a basis for specifying the desired acoustic environment of dwellings.

• 감성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2005

서체는 고유의 특성을 가지고 있으며, 각각 서로 다른 느낌을 주고 있다. 적절한 서체의 선택은 내용의 의미를 더 빠르게 이해할 수 있도록 한다. 또한 사람들은 일반적인 습관이나 경험을 가지고 있어서 이것과 관련된 서체들의 사용은 그 내용의 의미를 확대시켜 준다. 그러므로 사용자는 글의 의미나 연령, 성별, 대상, 문화적 환경 등에 따라 서체를 다르게 선택하여 사용해야 한다. 서체 선택의 중요성이 강조되고 있으나, 서체 선택에 대한 기준이나 지침이 개발되어 있지 않으며, 이 분야에 대한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 이 연구는 의미가 있는 문장이냐 의미가 없는 문장이냐에 따라 서체 선호도가 다르게 나타나는지에 대한 연구와, 의미가 있는 문장인 경우에 긍정적 의미의 문장이냐 부정적 의미의 문장이냐에 따라 서체 선호도가 어떻게 다르게 나타나는지에 관한 연구이다 이번 연구를 통하여 서체 사용자에게는 의미에 따라 다르게 서체를 사용해야 하는 지침을 제공하며, 서체 제작자에게는 서체 개발에 관한 지침을 제공하는 것에 기여하리라고 본다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to weigh the students' backpacks of middle school in daily use and to analyse their physiological responses and subjective senses when carrying backpack in order to promote healthy and comfort school life of girl middle school students. Two female students were subjects who answered the questionnaires on two types of backpack and their metabolism, perspiration and the changes of skin temperature were measured in constant environment chamber, $25{\pm}1$ and $49{\pm}10$% RH. They walked on the treadmill carrying the backpack with the increment of backpack weight, 2 kg, 4 kg to 6 kg. When the backpack increases to 6 kg, the discomfort parameters and responses increases rapidly. Comparing with general type, improved type of backpack showed good results in physiological responses, but not in subjective senses, such as the ease of movement, pain, or total preference, specially in 2 kg and 4 kg. The girl students prefer the general type of backpack which is of fashion and small, when it weighs light such as 2 kg or 4 kg, while they prefer the improved bag which is functional when it is heavy as 6 kg. The longer wearing time of the medium weight, for example, 4 kg without feeling or recognition of any discomfort due to fashion style, might cause the students' posture and health weaker or more vulnerable to the problems.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1988

경관평가에 있어서 현상학적 접근은 분석적이고 체계적인 기존의 과학적 방법들과 대비되는 새로운 차원의 접근방법을 보여주고 있다. 기존의 과학적 접근이 정량적, 환원주의적, 폐쇄적, 실험적인 특성을 지녔다고 한다면 현상학적 접근은 정성적, 총체적, 개방적, 체험적 특성을 지녔다고 말할 수 있다. 현상학적 접근에서는 개인의 선호도, 느낌을 경관평가의 주요 기준으로 삼고 있으나, 일정 집단의 평균적 반응보다는 개개인의 다양한 반응, 느낌, 의미 등을 더욱 중요시 여긴다. 이렇게 함으로써 현상학적 방법은 기존의 계량적 혹은 과학적 방법이 지닌 단점을 보완할 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다. 즉 계량적 혹은 과학적 방법에서는 평가대상이 되는 현상을 단순화시킴으로 해서 실제 현상그대로 보지를 못하기 쉬운데 비하여, 현상학적 접근에서는 실제 그대로의 현상을 보려고 시도하며 현상의 본질을 캐내려고 노력한다. 현상학적 접근은 총체적이며 정성적인 입장을 가짐으로해서 실용적인 경관평가 기법이 되기에는 한계가 있다고 볼 수 있으나, 이를 극복할 수 있는 효율적인 방법이 모색되어야 하겠다. 최근의 연구에서는 현상학적 개념과 신뢰성, 타당성 등의 과학적 형식기준을 동시에 만족시킬 수 있는 방법이 개발되고 있음을 볼 수 있으며 이는 매우 바람직한 일이라 할 수 있다. 경관평가에서 현상학적 접근의 대두는 기존의 체계적, 계량적 방법의 타당성(content validity)을 재점검할 수 있는 계기를 만들어 주고 있다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2013

Objectives: This work aimed to investigate differentiations of Korean medicine's pathological symptoms and SF-12 sub scales among normal, overweight and obese subjects from multi-center case report. Methods: From 2009 to 2011 survey were carried out to 1,589 subjects who took treatment or were hospitalized in 7 Korean medicine hospitals and 3 Korean medicine clinic. Survey include Korean medicine's pathological symptoms and SF-12. Whole survey were obtained from subjects with interviewers. Obesity degree was divided into three groups by body mass index: Normal group is from 18.5 below 23, overweight from 23 below 25 and obese group is over 25. Chi-square test was performed to reveal differentiation response rate of pathologic symptoms among obesity groups. ANOVA test was carried out for compare each group's SF-12 sub scales. Results: Patients of overweight or obesity have more symptoms such as skin itching, swelling, weakness in lower legs, and feverish with swollen joints. Contrary, normal weight group responded symptoms of dry skin more than those of obese group. As a fatigue, obese group have more fatigue feeling at afternoon and evening, compared to high frequency response of normal weight groups' morning fatigue. Obese groups shows low physical scores of health related quality of life, in contrast, high mental scores of that. Conclusions: This is first work of pathologic symptoms shown by obese groups. This would contribute to standardization of Korean medicine's pattern identification as suggestion of classification point for obese groups.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.748-757
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• 2008

Purpose: This correlational study was performed to identify the impacts of maternal child rearing attitudes on the menstrual attitudes and the determinants of positive menstrual attitudes in female middle school students. Methods: With convenience sampling, 198 middle school female students were recruited living in one major city and its surrounding areas in Korea. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire including menstrual attitudes and maternal child rearing attitudes from April 1 to July 15, 2008. Results: Among the Maternal child rearing attitudes, affectionate, achievement oriented and rational attitudes had positive correlations to a positive menstrual attitude, and an autonomous attitude had a negative correlation to a negative menstrual attitude. As determinants of positive menstrual attitudes, feeling of menarche, mother's response at first menstruation, and rational maternal child rearing attitudes were delineated and their explained variance for a positive menstrual attitude was 18.5%. There was no difference on menstrual attitudes by K clustering in terms of maternal child rearing attitudes. Conclusion: These results support the critical role of the mother. Especially desirable maternal child rearing attitudes in relation to a positive menstrual attitude would be affectionate, achievement oriented and rational for early adolescent girls. In further studies, considerations are needed for menstruation related education and research for early adolescents and active involvement of the mother & daughter together.