• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2005

This study is aimed at understanding the role of arsenic in Roxarsone in causing fatty livers in mule ducks. One hundred 10-week-old mule ducks were randomly divided into 5 groups. Ducks received 2 weeks of various treatments followed by 2 weeks of withdrawal. The treatments were non-treatment (control), 300 mg/kg Roxarsone inclusion for 2 weeks ($1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ week), Roxarsone inclusion for one week ($2^{nd}$ week only), restrict feeding, or Roxarsone analogue (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl acid) inclusion. Results showed that feed intake and body weight in the Roxarsone groups and the restrict feeding group decreased significantly during the treatment period. However only the liver and heart weights were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the restrict feeding group. Fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activity showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the Roxarsone groups and the restrict feeding group, two-week-Roxarsone treatment significantly increased NADP-malic dehydrogenase (MDH) activity compared to the restrict (p<0.05). After 2 weeks drug withdrawal, the 1-week-Roxarsone or restrict feeding group showed significantly increased (p<0.05) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity (p<0.05). Two-week-Roxarsone treatment significantly decreased (p<0.05) the high density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased (p<0.05) the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) ratio. After drug withdrawal, the 1-week-Roxarsone or restrict feeding group showed significantly increased (p<0.05) creatine kinase (CK) activity. The 2-week-Roxarsone treatment group showed significantly increased (p<0.05) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. The restrict feeding treatment group showed significantly decreased (p<0.05) total protein (TP) concentration. After drug withdrawal, the related enzyme activities in the blood that reflected the liver function were restored to the normal physiological range, except for the total bilirubin concentration and CK activity in the 1-week-Roxarsone group. This group showed a significant increase (p<0.05). Thus, the reasons for liver enlargement in the Roxarsone and restrict feeding groups were different.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the feeding practices, growth status and correlation with maternal perceptions of breast feeding and lactation with infuts' feeding methods in the Pocheon area. The subjects were 103 infants ranging from 3 to 21 postpartum months and their mothers. The results obtained were as follows : In this survey, 36.9% of the infants were breast-feeding, while 53.4% of them were bottle-feeding, and 9.7% of them were mixed-feeding. The reason for bottle-feeding was due mainly to the lack of breast-milk secretion. Z-scores of weight-f3r-age and height-for-age were similar to Korean standards, but malnutrition and overnutrition were also noticed by kaup index and WLI. The average maternal perceptions of breast-feeding and lactation was 3.7 out of 10 possible points, the breast-feeding group scored 4.7, and formula-feeding and mixed-feeding group scored 3.0. That of BF group was higher than FF+MF groups and was positively correlated with growth status. Therefore to ensure proper growth of infants and to promote breast-feeding, efforts should be given to community nutritional services including nutrition education for the importance of colostrum and breast-milk, practical breast-feeding methods, and nutritional management during pregnancy. Also nutrition education for mothers will be continued to 1-3 postpartum months to promote successful breast-feeding.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-35
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of breast-feeding education on skills, attitude, and duration of breast-feeding among primipara mothers. The educational session was offered during the period of June through September at the T medical center in T city. One hundred thirteen primiparas were selected for this study, 61 who received breast-feeding education(lecture, demonstration, and additional telephone counselling) served as the experimental group and 52 who did not as the control. Data collection was done by self-reporting method. the reliability of the instrument was from .77 to .87. Duration of breast-feeding was classified into I through V according to the WHO classification at the time point of 4 weeks of postpartum. The results were as follows : 1. The score for the experimental group on the skills of breast-feeding techniques was significantly higher than those of the control(t=9.12, p=.000). 2. The score for the experimental group in the attitude toward breast-feeding was significantly higher than those of the control(t=6.12, p=.000). 3. Duration of breast-feeding for the experimental group was significantly longer than that of the control at the time of 4 weeks of postpartum($x^2$=20.79, p=.001). In conclusion, the breast-feeding practice can be promoted effectively through the breast-feeding education.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 1993

This study conducted to investigate the effect of school lunch prgram on the blood composition of 50 children at the age 11 to 12 years old. Concentration of serum total protein, albumin, zinc and copper were measured at the begining of school lunch program(pre-feeding group) and at the one year later taken school lunch program(post-feeding group). Serum total protein and albumin concentrations in post-feeding group were higher than those in pre-feeding group, but showed no significant difference between groups. While serum zinc and copper concentrations in post-feeding group were significantly lower than those in pre-feeding group. Results indicated that school lunch program effective for improvement of potein nutrition in school children and it is nessessary futher investigation to disease the concentrations of serum zinc and copper in this age.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.68-87
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breast-feeding education program on the promotion of mothers's feeding compliance during the 4 months after childbirth. A nonequivalent control group posttest design was used. Eighty-nine pregnant women at their 32 more weeks of gestation receiving antenatal care at the Chonnam University Hospital Obstetrics Clinic were assigned to the experimental group. Control group was ninety-nine pregnant women over 32wks of gestation receiving antenatal care at the Kwangju Christianity Hospital Obstetric Clinic during the same period. Breast-feeding education program was introduced to the experimental group from antepartal visit to 4 months after childbirth. Data were collected primarily via telephone interview on the 7th day, the end of 1 month and the 4 months after childbirth respectively. The results showed that 1) the frequency of breast-feeding continuation promoting behaviors was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. 2) The rates of mothers' compliance during the 4 months after childbirth in the experimental group demonstrated a significant difference ; much higher rate of mothers' compliance than control group. Conclusively, the breast-feeding education program increase the rate of mothers' compliance and duration of breast-feeding.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

This investigation aimed to assess the appetite response changes of olive flounder to starving and re-feeding conditions. Three different feeding groups (2 weeks feeding, fed; 2 weeks starving, starved; and 1 week starving and 1 week feeding, re-fed) were established to examine the changes in appetite-related genes for each group. The weight gain of the fish was highest for the fed group and lowest for the starving group. Based on the daily feed intake (DFI) and cumulative feed intake (CFI), overall food intake was found to increase in the re-fed group more than in the fed group from week 1 to week 2 of the experiment. Hypocretin neuropeptide precursor (HCRT) and galanin receptor 1 (GAL-R1) mRNA expression in the brain of olive flounder were decreased in the starved group. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was decreased in all experimental groups, except for the fed group. However, overall leptin concentrations in the plasma did not change across groups. Considering the differences between this study and previous studies on starving and feeding, various factors (except the production and expression mechanisms of appetite-related factors in response to starving) are likely acting on the appetite responses of the fish. In this study, a 1-week re-feeding period induced substantial effects on appetite response when compared to a 2-week feeding period. These findings show that even if re-feeding is performed after starving, the unbalance caused by the re-feeding can affect various physiological changes in fish by feed intake efficiency.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2002

This retrospective descriptive study was done to identify maternal characteristics related to infant feeding methods. Data were collected by self-report from 90 mothers who visited a health clinic in Seoul between July 30 and August 14, 2001. The mothers were classified into 3 groups according to the feeding method at 4 weeks after childbirth; Exclusive breast feeding group, Mixed breast feeding group, Bottle feeding group. Mothers using exclusive breast feeding accounted for 46.6% of the mothers, those using mixed breast feeding, 26.7%, and those using bottle feeding, 26.7%. Although the percentage of mothers using exclusive breast feeding was higher, there was no significant difference among the groups. In our research, characteristics related to the mother were found to be in a state of change. Mothers with higher education and having a job had higher rates for exclusive breast feeding. This result is different from that of earlier research. Further research is needed to confirm these characteristics. In order to increase the rate for exclusive breast feeding and the duration of breast feeding, nurses need to provide programs aimed at fostering breast feeding and these programs should be based on characteristics related to breast feeding shown in our research.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effects of breast-feeding education and support services on rate of breast-feeding three and six months after birth, and the effect on infant's growth (weight, height, body mass index [BMI]). The experimental group which had both education and support services was compared with the control group which had only breast-feeding education. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a time-series design. The participants were 39 mothers who were hospitalized for childbirth. Twenty mother were assigned to the experimental group and 19 mothers, to the control group. The breast feeding education was done during hospitalization, and support services were provided once a week after discharge for a month (a total 4 times) by a maternity ward nurse. Data regarding breast-feeding rate at one month after childbirth was collected by phone call; the breast-feeding rates at three and six months after childbirth were collected in a visit to the families. The child's weight and height were also measured during the visit. Results: The experimental group had a statistically significant higher rate for frequency of breast-feeding at one, three and six months after childbirth than the control group. However, there was no meaningful difference between the two groups for infant growth. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that breast-feeding education is helpful for a start, but support services are also necessary to sustain breast-feeding.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.90-99
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• 2011

Purpose: To investigate the impacts of individualized versus group prenatal breast-feeding education on postnatal breast-feeding knowledge, this study addressed techniques and rates of first-time mothers as part of data collection for developing breast-feeding education programs. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design was applied to compare the effects of prenatal breast-feeding individual vs. group education among first-time mothers. Collected data was analyzed using $x^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test, and ANOVA. Results: There was no difference on the knowledge of prenatal breast-feeding between individual and group education. However, individual education was a more effective method than group education on post-natal knowledge. In the 4th and 8th weeks of breast-feeding, individual education was more effective than group education. However, there was no difference between the two education methods at Week 12. Conclusion: This study indicates that many outpatient mothers should be given various individual approaches and prenatal breast-feeding education programs to provide them with opportunities for education to improve breast-feeding rates. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the breast-feeding rates at Week 12, which may be attributed not to education methods but to changes in external environmental factors. Further research is needed to address the changes.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.242-253
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an computer-tailored intervention program to promote breast-feeding. Method: A quasi-experimental design was used assigning forty pregnant women to the experimental group (computer-tailored intervention condition) and the control group (no-intervention control condition). Thirty-three participants completed pretest and posttest questionnaires and 19 participants assigned to intervention condition received personal feedback tailored by computer program. Result: Participants in the experimental group showed higher mean score of 'perception of the importance of breast-feeding'. Significant differences in internal health locus of control was found between the participants in the experimental group and the control group. Participants in the experimental group exceeded controls on intention of breast-feeding. Participants in the control group more often felt that the length of program contents they received was somehow longer. Conclusions: The use of a computer-tailored intervention improved the perception of the importance of breast-feeding and the internal health locus of control. The intention of breast-feeding was increased through the personal feedback tailored by computer even though participants felt that the length of program contents of tailored feedback was not longer.