• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study provided an overview of the general status and recent intervention approaches in overseas research related to feeding problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This review aims to explore interventions for feeding problems in order to provide higher quality follow-up research directions and implications, particularly focusing on providing recommendations for future research in the context of domestic studies. Methods : Analyzing studies published in international journals from 2017 to 2023. This review involved six selected articles, through Embase, Pubmed, RISS, KISS database search engine. A literature analysis that includes inclusion and exclusion criteria, six selected articles were examined. The literature analysis categorized the general status of the research and intervention approaches and treatment components into intervention, treatment settings and therapists, and dependent variables, respectively. Results : Among feeding intervention approaches, parent education interventions based on behavioral therapy had the highest proportion, followed by multidisciplinary interventions. To maintain the effectiveness of interventions over the long term and to generalize them to the home environment, parent education that utilizes parents as mediators is considered a crucial factor. The most commonly observed effects as dependent variables were changes in the consumption of disliked foods, health foods and alterations in feeding behavior. Conclusion : This study introduces various intervention approaches for addressing feeding problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), focusing on the positive effects demonstrated by active intervention research in abroad. Furthermore, it underscores the need for additional research in Korea to validate the efficacy of these feeding intervention methods. Lastly, the study outlines future research directions aimed at developing feeding programs to support children with ASD and their families coping with feeding issues.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to examine possibility and suitability of forest by-product as a roughage source of deer. As a experimental diet, forest by-product silage(FPS) and commercial mixed ration(CMR) were prepared to compare dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior in feeding trials with spotted deer. The digestibility of dry matter was higher(P<0.05) in CMR than in FPS. The digestibility of crude protein was higher in CMR than in FPS and there was significant difference(P＜0.05). CMR had more digestibility of crude fiber than FBS but the difference was not significant. Dry matter intake were similar in both diets. Digestible dry matter intake was higher in CMR than FPS, however, there was no significant difference between experimental diets. Nitrogen intake, urinary and digestible nitrogen were significantly higher(P<0.05) in CMR than FPS. The efficiency of nitorgen utilization was higher for FPS than for CMR. Feeding behavior were similar in FPS and CMR. Consequently. It would be expected that FPS that composed with various feed sources can be used as a good roughage source of deer. Because it has high digestibility, dry matter intake and internal availability of nitrogen.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.369-378
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• 2008

After treatment with imidacloprid, there were clear differences in the time to the first reaction of Myzus persicae among the concentrations treated. The time taken for the proboscis of the aphids to penetrate, during the recording plants increased as the imidacloprid concentration increased. Imidacloprid concentration inflow into a leaf was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the residues of the imidacloprid varied slightly with the different concentrations treated. However, the inflow rates of this insecticide into a leaf increased as the dipping times increased. Furthermore, it was shown that there was no relationship in inflow concentration between the concentrations and times of treatment. However, the concentration in the leaf differed according to the dipping time. Judging from the fact that the first reaction behavior against imidacloprid displayed at an inflow concentration of 0.32-0.35 mg/L, we concluded that inflow concentrations causing the first reaction of the aphids to the insecticide were much lower than the concentration treated. The general feeding characteristics of the aphids indicated that xylem and/or phloem feeding behavior continued after a series of probing behaviors and stylet activity during the first 3 h from the start of EPG recording. After 90 min treatment with imidacloprid, feeding behavior over the next 30 min indicated a significant increase in the withdrawal of the stylet from the plant at all treated concentrations. Xylem and/or phloem feeding patterns were significantly decreased during this time. In particular, the proportion of xylem feeding differed according to the concentration of imidacloprid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.284-289
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• 2014

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs confined in individual and group stalls. We used thirty-four lambs in their growing phase, aged an average of three months, with mean initial live weight of $17.8{\pm}5.2$ kg. They were allotted in a completely randomized design with 24 animals kept in individual stalls and 10 animals confined as a group. The experiment lasted for a total of 74 days, and the first 14 days were dedicated to the animals' adaption to the management, facilities and diets. The data collection period lasted 60 days, divided into three 20-d periods for the behavior evaluation. The animals were subjected to five days of visual observation during the experiment period, by the quantification of 24 h a day, with evaluations on the 15th day of each period and an interim evaluation consisting of two consecutive days on the 30th and 31st day of the experiment. The animals confined as a group consumed less (p<0.05) fiber. However, the animals confined individually spent less (p<0.05) time on feeding, rumination and chewing activities and longer in idleness. Therefore, the lower capacity of lambs confined in groups to select their food negatively affects their feeding behavior.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1994

The expenment was conducted to study the foraging behavior of Amblyseius hngisp~nosus for eggs of Tetranychus urticoe. When preys were abundant, A. longispinosus repeated a series of foraging process (feeding, after-feeding movement, restmy, and searching) The time (Mean\ulcorner SD) spent for these components were 6 83+ 1.73. 3 OOi 1.66. 93.57+ 30 19. and -0.00 min., respectively. Afterfeeding movement was chractetired as a complex one-way circular moving path with a slow speed (0.09 mm/sec) and area-restricted Escaping movement was fast (0 31 mm/sec), more straight in direction, and edge-oriented walking. Positions of prey consumption of A. longispinosus were distributed in clump. KEY WORDS Foraging behavior, nlovlng path, Arnblyseius longispinosus, Tetranychus urtlcae.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

Objective : This study aims to compare children with and without pervasive developmental disorders in terms of the sensory processing ability and behavioral characteristic of oral feeding. This study also aims to identify correlation between sensory processing and characteristics of eating. Methods : The subjects of this research were normal children and those who have diagnosis of a pervasive developmental disorder, aged from 4 to 6. The research instruments were composed of Short Sensory Profile (SSP), Brief Autism Mealtime Behavior Inventory (BAMBI) and Food Items of the Sensory Checklist. Data collection was done by a professional survey institute located in 10 cities including Busan, South Korea. The survey questionnaires were distributed to 455 parents of children with and without pervasive developmental disabilities through the survey institutes. Total 263 answers were collected out of 455 questionnaires (62%) and 154 answers were used in data analysis. Out of 154 answers, 45 were for children with pervasive developmental disabilities and 109 were for normal children. Data analysis was done to identify correlations between sensory processing and characteristics of eating such as eating behavior and oral feeding. Results : 1. There was a significant difference between children with and without pervasive developmental disorders in all area of sensory processing ability (p<.05). 2. There was no difference between children with and without pervasive developmental disorders in eating behavior (p=0.881) and oral feeding (p=0.324). 3. In the group of children with a pervasive developmental disorders, it is found that there is negative correlation between sensory processing, eating behavior and oral feeding (r=-0.384, p<.01). 4. A remarkable significant correlation was found between sensory processing and eating behavior especially in taste/smell sensitivity (r=-0.6, p<.01) and auditory filtering (r=-0.326, p<.05). The correlation between sensory processing and oral feeding was most significant in under responsiveness/seeking sensation (r=-0.372, p<.05) and auditory filtering (r=-0.382, p<.05). Conclusion : This study found that there are significant correlations between sensory processing ability and some characteristics of eating behaviors for children with pervasive developmental disorders. This information can be useful to develop a program to intervene eating behavior problems of children with pervasive developmental disorders.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.259-269
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a breast feeding adaptation scale (BFAS) to evaluate adaptation to breastfeeding for breastfeeding mothers and their infants and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods: The study was conducted as follows: application of the conceptual framework, identification of the content domains, items generation, and test of validity and reliability. In order to test validity and reliability, two panels of experts reviewed items and subcategories of the preliminary questionnaire and then data were collected from 329 mothers who were up to 4 weeks postpartum and breastfeeding. Descriptive statistics, t-test, factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha were used to analyze the data. Results: The conceptual framework was based on the Roy adaptation model. The content domains were developed via literature review, review of instruments, and data acquired from the interviews of breastfeeding mothers and nurses. A total of 69 items belonging to 8 domains were generated. A reduction to 44 preliminary items was accomplished through content validity analysis. Factor analysis extracted 8 factors with a total of 27 items on a 5-point Likert scale. Content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the BFAS were established. Conclusion: The newly developed BFAS is a reliable and valid instrument with which the adaptation of breastfeeding mothers and their infants to the breastfeeding behavior can be evaluated.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2006

We developed and evaluated a method of short-term acute toxicity testing based on the feeding behavior of Ceriodaphnia dubia. In prior toxicity tests, neonates of C. dubia were hatched and cultivated with the addition of yeast only for the preparation of the transparent daphnid's gut. Scenedesmus subspicatus was supplied as food after 1 to 6 h of exposure to toxicants. The effects of 1-h and 6-h exposure time on test sensitivity did not significantly differ. A comparison of the short-term l-h acute toxicity test developed in this study to the standard 48-h acute toxicity test using heavy metals, cyanide, and pentachlorophenol indicated that the 1-h test provided an acceptable sensitivity level in toxicity testing of C. dubia..

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2016

The goats raised in the barn are usually fed on fresh grass. As dry forage can be stored for long periods in large amounts, dry forage feeding makes it possible to feed large numbers of goats in barns. This review explains the physiological factors involved in suppressing dry forage intake and the cause of drinking following dry forage feeding. Ruminants consume an enormous amount of dry forage in a short time. Eating rates of dry forage rapidly decreased in the first 40 min of feeding and subsequently declined gradually to low states in the remaining time of the feeding period. Saliva in large-type goats is secreted in large volume during the first hour after the commencement of dry forage feeding. It was elucidated that the marked suppression of dry forage intake during the first hour was caused by a feeding-induced hypovolemia and the loss of $NaHCO_3$ due to excessive salivation during the initial stages of dry forage feeding. On the other hand, it was indicated that the marked decrease in feed intake observed in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period was related to ruminal distension caused by the feed consumed and the copious amount of saliva secreted during dry forage feeding. In addition, results indicate that the marked decreases in dry forage intake after 40 min of feeding are caused by increases in plasma osmolality and subsequent thirst sensations produced by dry forage feeding. After 40 min of the 2 h dry forage feeding period, the feed salt content is absorbed into the rumen and plasma osmolality increases. The combined effects of ruminal distension and increased plasma osmolality accounted for 77.6% of the suppression of dry forage intake 40 min after the start of dry forage feeding. The results indicate that ruminal distension and increased plasma osmolality are the main physiological factors in suppression of dry forage intake in large-type goats. There was very little drinking behavior observed during the first hour of the 2 h feeding period most water consumption occurring in the second hour. The cause of this thirst sensation during the second hour of dry forage feeding period was not hypovolemia brought about by excessive salivation, but rather increases in plasma osmolality due to the ruminal absorption of salt from the consumed feed. This suggests the water intake following dry forage feeding is determined by the level of salt content in the feed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and the related factors of attachment- oriented caretaking behavior in mothers who are breast-feeding their infants. Method: The subjects were 155 mothers who participated in a healthy breast-feeding contestin the Busan area. The data were collected from September 24, 2003, and were analyzed using SPSS WIN 10.0. Results: The mothers were highly affirmative in their attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors (total mean 2.59±.502 of a possible score of 3). Among the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors (10 items), the scores for 6 items were higher than the average score and 4 items were lower than the average score. There were significant differences in the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors according to level of education (p＜0.05), and planned duration of breast-feeding (p＜0.001). Mothers with university education who planned to breast-feed as long as the baby wanted had higher scores. Conclusions: The above results suggest that nursing interventions which are individualized and practical are needed to encourage the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors essential to breast-feeding mothers.