• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2002

We examined the association between eating frequency of rice vs. bread at breakfast and nutrient and food-group intake among 1771 female college students aged 18-20 years. The frequency of main staples at breakfast and the nutrient and food group intake for the previous month were assessed with a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. We divided main staples into rice, bread, and noodles. As the eating frequency for noodles was almost negligible, we computed the difference of eating frequency of rice minus that of bread(mean = 0.7 times/week). Among 16 nutrients examined, the difference of eating frequency correlated significantly and negatively only with fat intake, especially saturated fatty acid (SFA) (r=-0.31, p<0.001), and significantly and positively with the intake of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid, iron, sodium, protein, carotene, potassium, dietary fiber, and vitamin C (r=0.08-0.15, p<0.001) after adjusting for the energy intake, the residential area, the population size, and the living status with their families. In conclusion, the more frequent intake of rice compared to bread at breakfast correlated with the higher intake of the several vitamins and minerals, and the lower intake of fat, especially SFA. The only unfavorable aspect of the rice group was the higher sodium intake.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.1042-1049
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• 2009

본 연구는 서울지역에 거주하는 건강한 성인 남녀(남자 23명, 여자 10명) 33명을 대상으로 trans 지방 3.75 g을 첨가 한 쌀 빵, 콩 빵과 밀 빵의 섭취가 식후 혈장에서의 지방산과 지질흡수에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험군은 각 군 당 11명씩 3군으로 분류하였다. 쌀 빵은 밀가루 40 g과 쌀가루 40 g에 trans 지방 3.75 g을, 콩 빵은 콩가루 30 g과 밀가루 50 g에 trans 지방 3.75 g을 첨가하였고, 밀빵은 밀가루 80 g에 trans 지방 3.75 g을 첨가하여 식빵 형태로 각각 조제하였다. 대상자들은 8시간 공복 후 각각의 빵을 섭취하고 0, 1, 2, 3, 4시간 후 채혈하였고, 이는 혈중 지방산과 trans 지방산의 농도 및 지질 수준 분석에 이용되었다. 포화지방산인 C16:0과 C18:0의 수준은 밀 빵을 섭취한 군에서는 시간의 경과에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였으나 콩 빵과 쌀 빵을 섭취한 군에서는 섭취 후 유사한 수준이었다. C16:0은 콩 빵과 밀 빵을 섭취한 군에서는 섭취 1시간 후에 peak에도달하였으나 시간이 경과함에 감소하는 경향을 보여 섭취4시간 후 밀 빵 군에서는 변화량은 섭취 전의 수준과 유사하였으나 콩 빵 군에서는 섭취하기 전보다도 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. C18:0은 섭취 1시간 후 콩 빵과 쌀 빵을 섭취한군이 밀 빵을 섭취한 군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으나 콩 빵과 쌀 빵 군 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. Trans 지방산인 C18:1t과 18:2t는 세 군 모두에서는 섭취 2시간 후 가장 높은 수준을 보였으며 섭취 4시간 후에는 콩 빵 섭취한 군에서의 C18:1t의 혈중 농도가 가장 낮았다. C18:1c은 섭취 4시간 후 콩 빵 군에서 가장 낮았고 쌀 빵 군에서 가장 높았다. 또한 콩 빵의 섭취는 TG의 증가를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 콩 빵의 섭취는 밀 빵을 섭취했을 때보다 혈중 trans 지방산을 비롯한 포화지방산 농도와 TG의 수준을 저하하였으며 이것은 콩에 함유된 식이섬유와 생리활성물질들이 지방산과 지방의 체내 흡수율을 저하시키거나 흡수속도를 느리게 하는 때문으로 사료된다. 따라서 trans 지방산을 비롯한 포화지방산과 TG의 체내 농도를 저하시키기 위해서는 밀 빵보다 콩 빵의 형태로 섭취하는 것이 유익할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1583-1591
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• 2015

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of lipid sources with different fatty acid profiles on nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation. Ten rumen and duodenal fistulated Nellore steers (268 body weight${\pm}27kg$) were distributed in a duplicated $5{\times}5$ Latin square. Dietary treatments were as follows: without fat (WF), palm oil (PO), linseed oil (LO), protected fat (PF; Lactoplus), and whole soybeans (WS). The roughage feed was corn silage (600 g/kg on a dry matter [DM] basis) plus concentrate (400 g/kg on a DM basis). The higher intake of DM and organic matter (OM) (p<0.001) was found in animals on the diet with PF and WF (around 4.38 and 4.20 kg/d, respectively). Treatments with PO and LO decreased by around 10% the total digestibility of DM and OM (p<0.05). The addition of LO decreased by around 22.3% the neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p = 0.047) compared with other diets. The higher microbial protein synthesis was found in animals on the diet with LO and WS (33 g N/kg OM apparently digested in the rumen; p = 0.040). The highest C18:0 and linolenic acid intakes occurred in animals fed LO (p<0.001), and the highest intake of oleic (p = 0.002) and C16 acids (p = 0.022) occurred with the diets with LO and PF. Diet with PF decreased biohydrogenation extent (p = 0.05) of C18:1 n9,c, C18:2 n6,c, and total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; around 20%, 7%, and 13%, respectively). The diet with PF and WF increased the concentration of $NH_3-N$ (p<0.001); however, the diet did not change volatile fatty acids (p>0.05), such as the molar percentage of acetate, propionate, butyrate and the acetate:propionate ratio. Treatments PO, LO and with WS decreased by around 50% the concentration of protozoa (p<0.001). Diets with some type of protection (PF and WS) decreased the effects of lipid on ruminal fermentation and presented similar outflow of benefit UFA as LO.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.971-975
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• 2007

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding values of red pepper seed oil meal (RPSOM) and to investigate its dietary supplementation on broiler performances. In Exp. 1, nutritional values of RPSOM were evaluated by analyzing chemical composition and determining true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) and true available amino acid (TAAA). RPSOM contained 22.50% of CP, 4.75% of ether extract, 27.70% of crude fiber, 4.73% of crude ash and 49.97 ppm of xanthophylls. The contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were 34 mg and 31 mg/100 g DM, respectively. The values of TME and TMEn determined by force-feeding 16 roosters were 1.73 kcal/g and 1.63 kcal/g DM, respectively. The average TAAA value of 17 amino acids was 85.22%. In Exp. 2, a total of 225 Ross male broiler chicks, 3 weeks old, were randomly divided into 9 groups of 25 birds each and assigned to three experimental diets containing 0 (control), 5 or 10% RPSOM fed ad libitum for 3 weeks. No significant differences were observed in growth performances and carcass characteristics. The level of serum cholesterol in the 10% RPSOM group was significantly lower than that of the control group (113.92 vs. 137.50 mg/dl). The dietary RPSOM at 5 and 10% levels increased the content of C18:2 ${\omega}{\sigma}$ in leg muscle compared with the control group. The results suggested that RPSOM can be included into broiler feed up to 10% without any negative effects on broiler performances and physiological responses and used as a non-conventional plant protein source, if its nutritional values are well evaluated.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.372-380
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• 2021

In this study, data from the 7th (2016~2018) and 8th (2019) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used, which included 5,325 subjects. Health behavior, dietary and nutrient intake status, physical measurement and biochemical characteristics, and risk factors for elderly related chronic diseases were classified and analyzed according to the changing composition of single households and other households in the current society. As a result, the ratio of current smokers and drinkers in young adult single households, walking less than 30 minutes per day, subjective health status was poor, breakfast rate less than three times per week, eating out frequency more than once a day, lipid intake ratio to total calories, saturation fatty acid intake were significantly higher. In addition, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher. However, dietary fiber intake level was significantly lower. The results for hypertension, which is the representative chronic disease that causes old age-related chronic diseases, were significantly higher in single households (ORs=1.400 (95% CI: 1.095, 1.791), p=0.007). Although young adults may not have showed particularly serious health problems yet, education is believed as important to recognize and prevent age-related disease risk factors.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1154-1161
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• 2008

본 연구는 괴각을 대상으로 약이성 음식으로의 활용을 위한 가능성을 타진하고자 계획 수행되었다. 따라서 괴각의 영양성분 분석을 통한 식품영양학적 접근, 생리활성 기능을 기대할 수 있는 관련 물질 함량을 분석하였다. 식품영양학적 접근에서의 괴각의 일반성분은 건량기준으로 당질 75.9%, 조단백질 16.4%, 조지방 2.41% 및 조회분 5.2%이었고 괴각 100 g의 함유 열량은 337.3 kcal로 분석되었으며, 총 식이섬유소 함량은 건량기준으로 총 당질 중 11.45%이었고 수용성 및 불용성 식이섬유소 함량은 각각 1.09%, 10.36%로 나타났다. 또한, 총 18종의 아미노산으로 구성되었으며 필수아미노산과 비필수아미노산 함량은 각각 2,310.91 mg, 5,218.52 mg이었고, 무기질 중 칼륨의 함유량이 가장 높았고 그 다음이 칼슘, 인, 마그네슘 순으로 나타나 알칼리성 재료임을 알 수 있었으며, 지방산 함량의 경우 총 포화지방산 24.94%, 단일불포화지방산 32.40% 및 다가불포화지방산 32.86%로 구성되어 있어 다른 식물류에 비해 불포화지방산의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 괴각의 생리활성 물질의 분석에서는 생리활성 작용이 기대되는 항산화비타민의 경우 비타민 C의 함량이 가장 높아 혈관의 탄력성 증진에 관여하리라 생각된다. 또한 혈관의 탄력 및 모세혈관 투과성에 관여하는 루틴의 함량이 1.78%를 차지하고 있었으며, 괴각의 물추출물 1 mL당 수용성 항산화물질의 함량은 $4.95\;{\mu}g$ 함유되어 있었으며 이는 mL당 비타민 C 1,560.96 mmol에 해당하는 항산화능력을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

This study determined the level of fermented soybean meal (FSM) that could be substituted for fish meal in the diet for parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish meal (FM) was used the sole protein source in the control diet. FSM was substituted for 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the fish meal in the experimental diets. The FSM resulted in increased crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash, but decreased crude fiber. The methionine and tryptophan contents in the FSM increased, while lysine and threonine decreased. The 18:2n-6 fatty acid content decreased from 55.30% to 28.67%. Fermentation increased 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) by 2.03% and 15.54%, respectively, although the differences were not significant. Based on growth performance, we concluded that FSM could replace up to 60% of FM for the maximum growth of juvenile parrot fish.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.24-39
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• 2001

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional and feeding value of red pepper seed oil meal (RPSOM) as local vegetable protein ingredients for poultry feeding. In the first experiment, nutritional values of RPSOM were evaluated by analyzing chemical compositions and determining true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) and true available amino acid (TAAA) contents. According to the chemical analysis, RPSOM contained 22.50％ of crude protein, 4.75％ of ether extract, 27.70％ of crude fiber, 0.34 mg／g of capsaicin and 49.97 ppm of xanthophylls. The values of TME and TMEn determined by force-feeding 16 roosters (ISA-Brown) were 1.73 kcal／g and 1.63 kcal／g on dry matter basis, respectively. The average TAAA value of 16 amino acids measured by the force－feeding technique was 81.70％. These values were used for formulating experimental diets containing various levels of RPSOM for broiler chicks and laying hens. Two feeding trials were made to investigate the effects of dietary incorporation of RPSOM into chicken feed performances of broiler chicks and laying hens. In the broiler feeding (Exp. 2), a total of two hundred twenty-five, 4 wk old male broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 9 groups of 25 birds each and assigned to three experimental diets containing 0, 5 and 10% RPSOM. The birds were fed ad libitum the diets for 3 wk and feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion rate were determined. At the end of the feeding, the blood levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cholesterol, and the body and fatty acid compositions of leg muscle were measured. No significant differences were observed in weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate, body composition, serum levels of GOT, GGT and BUN among the treatments. However, blood cholesterol level was lower (P＜0.05) in 10% RPSOM diet group than those in the other. The dietary RPSOM at 5 and 10% levels increased the content of linoleic acid (P＜0.05) in leg muscle compared to that of control group. The results indicate that RPSOM can be used for broiler feed up to 10% without any significant negative effects on broiler performance. In the layer feeding (Exp. 3), the effects of dietary RPSOM on the performances of laying hen were investigated by feeding ninety 45 wk old laying hens (ISA-Brown) with experimental diets containing 0, 5 and 10% RPSOM for 4 wk (30 birds per treatment). Measurements were made on egg production rate, egg weight, feed intake, Haugh unit, egg shell strength which was higher (P＜0.05) in layers fed 10% RPSOM diet compared to those fed 0 and 5% RPSOM diets. Thus, it can be concluded that RPSOM can be included into laying hen feed up to 10% without any harmful effects.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.378-388
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the proximate compositions, nutritional components, and antioxidant effects of white and brown enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). The crude protein and carbohydrate contents were higher in the brown than white mushrooms, whereas the moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, and dietary fiber levels were lower. The mineral contents of the white mushroom was higher than levels obtained in the brown mushroom for the detected components (Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Na, and P). The amount of vitamin B₃ in the brown mushroom was 1.51 mg/100 g, which was 4.5 times higher than that in the white mushroom. The major fatty acids detected were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 70% ethanol extracts of the white and brown mushrooms, respectively. For the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, a 70% methanol extract of the white enoki mushrooms showed an activity of 76.4% (p<0.05). For the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity, a 70% methanol extract of the brown enoki mushrooms showed the highest value. Further, the total flavonoid contents were significantly correlated with the DPPH and FRAP activities.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.1050-1061
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• 2009

본 연구는 대구 경북지역의 뇌졸중 환자들의 에너지 및 영양소 섭취실태를 측정하고, 에너지 및 영양소 섭취수준에 따른 뇌졸중 발생의 상대위험도를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 조사대상자는 경북대학교 병원에서 뇌졸중으로 처음 진단받은 후 입원한 환자 중 의사소통이 가능한 100명을 환자군으로 하였고 동일한 지역에서 뇌졸중 병력이 없고 환자군과 연령이 비슷한 지역사회 주민 150명을 대조군으로 하였다. 조사는 반정량적 식품섭취빈도 조사지를 이용하여 조사자와 직접 면접을 통하여 2004년 7월부터 2005년 2월 사이에 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 뇌졸중 환자군과 대조군의 1일 평균 에너지와 영양소 섭취량을 성별로 비교하면 남자의 경우 환자군이 대조군에 비해 에너지와 모든 열량 영양소, 비타민 $B_1$, $B_6$, 나이아신, 엽산, 비타민 E, 인, 칼륨, 아연, 식이섬유의 섭취량과 단백질 및 지방 에너지 섭취비율이 유의하게 높았다. 여자의 경우 환자군은 대조군에 비해 지방, 비타민 C, 엽산, 비타민 E, 철분 및 식이섬유의 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았고 탄수화물 에너지 비율이 유의하게 높았다. 에너지 및 영양소별 섭취수준과 관련된뇌졸중 발생 상대위험도를 성별로 보면, 남자는 에너지, 단백질, 탄수화물, 비타민 $B_1$과 E, 나이아신, 아연, 총지방산, 단일불포화 지방산, 다가 불포화지방산 그리고 n-6 지방산의 높은 섭취수준이 뇌졸중 발생의 상대 위험도를 유의하게 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 여자의 경우 지방, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_2$와 $B_6$, 나이아신, 비타민 C와 E, 철, 나트륨과 칼륨 및 셀레늄, 모든 지방산들, 그리고 콜레스테롤, 타우린, 식이섬유의 높은 섭취수준이 뇌졸중의 발생 위험도를 유의하게 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 영양소 중 나이아신, 비타민 E, 지방산들은 성별에 따라 위험도에 미치는 영향이 상반되게 나타났다. 본 연구는 조사대상자의 규모가 작고 특정지역에 국한 하여 조사가 이루어졌다는 제한점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 성별에 따라 상반되는 결과를 보인 영양소들에 대해서는 향후 조사지역을 광역화하고, 보다 대규모의 대상자 집단에 대해 심도 있는 조사를 통해 재확인할 필요가 있다고 본다.