• 대한교통학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1989

A nonlinear programming model for evaluating public transit fare system is proposed. The model finds transit fare level and the structure that maximizes gross fare-box revenue subject to constraints on minimum ridership and the form of the fare equations. It is assumed that the demand for transit is a function of fare and its own-fare elasticity. It is assumed that the demand for transit is a function of fare and its own-fare elasticity. It is also assumed that the conditions including fare of the other modes are unchanged ; i.e., partial equilibrium. Empirical study has been performed for the case of Seoul subway system. This study includes an analysis of fare structure ; flat system and distance-based fare system. Sensitivity and comperative static analysis for elasticity has been also demonstrated.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.83-90
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• 2001

Generally, fare system is divided diminishing fare rate to distance into proportional fare rate to distance. In this paper, it is simulated the financial effect on the HSR operator introduced the diminishing fare rate to distance system. The diminishing fare rate to distance system increase the railroad demand, so profit of HSR operator is increased. We find that the diminishing fare rate to distance system is better than proportional fare rate to distance system.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.32-42
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• 2000

In this paper, we outlines the basic pricing rules that developed over the years, and illustrates how these rules apply in practice using railway fare, price discrimination in railway travel. we review the problems of rail fare system reflecting the market fare decision and consider fare decision structure and relative fare comparison with other modes of transportation. Specifically, we focus on tile effect of tile “fare varying system with distance”, using the characteristics of long distance transportation modes. And set up the framework for reasonable fare decision under the current circumstances.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2013

In Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU)-type nuclear power plants, the reactor is composed of 380 fuel channels and refueling is performed on one or two channels per day. At the time of refueling, the fluid force of the cooling water inside the channel is exploited. New fuel added upstream of the fuel channel is moved downstream by the fluid force of the cooling water, and the used fuel is pushed out. Through this process, refueling is completed. Among the 380 fuel channels, outer rows 1 and 2 (called the FARE channel) make the process of using only the internal fluid force impossible because of the low flow rate of the channel cooling water. Therefore, a Flow Assist Ram Extension (FARE) tool, a refueling aid, is used to refuel these channels in order to compensate for the insufficient fluid force. The FARE tool causes flow resistance, thus allowing the fuel to be moved down with the flow of cooling water. Although the existing FARE tool can perform refueling in Korean plants, the coolant flow rate is reduced to below 80% of the normal flow for some time during refueling. A Flow rate below 80% of the normal flow cause low flow rate alarm signal in the plant operation. A flow rate below 80% of the normal flow may cause difficulties in the plant operation because of the increase in the coolant temperature of the channel. A new and improved FARE tool is needed to address the limitations of the existing FARE tool. In this study, we identified the cause of the low flow phenomena of the existing FARE tool. A new and improved FARE tool has been designed and manufactured. The improved FARE tool has been tested many times using laboratory test apparatus and was redesigned until satisfactory results were obtained. In order to confirm the performance of the improved FARE tool in a real plant, the final design FARE tool was tested at Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2. The test was carried out successfully and the low flow rate alarm signal was eliminated during refueling. Several additional improved FARE tools have been manufactured. These improved FARE tools are currently being used for Korean CANDU plant refueling.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.201-231
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• 2007

Taxi is one of the representative transpotation method in Korea. This is the study on the method of taxi fare calculation. So this study tries to find out the resonable method of taxi fare calculation. Many research institutes have tried to find out good method of taxi fare calculation. Until now, there has not been any standard method of taxi fare calculation. So the purpose of this study is to provide the best method of taxi fare calculation. This is the example of the method of taxi fare calculation. Both studies of related literature and empirical investigation have been reviewed to accomplish the purpose of this study.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.756-760
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• 2009

In 2010, the second phase of Kyeongbu KTX high speed train construction is expected to be completed. Therefore KTX's fare system need to be further improved. In this study, analyze the present condition and problems whit applying the existing fare system into the second phase of KTX high speed train, and then suggests improvement measures that divide KTX's fare system with distance-based fare and service-based fare.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1566-1574
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• 2004

This study tried to find out alternatives adjusting basic fare using customer survey. But it merely verified that train fare decision is made by government's role and market status. Also, it has a limitation deciding resonable fare of KTX that average cost and marginal cost calculation is impossible because Korean National Railroad does not follow 'Activity Based Costing'. It is rational fare decision that performing survey to railroad experts and general customers, and compare two results. Summarizing results of this study, 1. The hypothesis 'Experts' perceived fare level of KTX is higher than that of general customer. 'is carried. It suggests that following experts' opinion with general customer's is very rational method to decide fare level. 2. The hypothesis 'Experts expect lower level of fare discount rate than general customer.' is carried. 3. It is hard to decide priority among many kinds of discount for difference of two group's preference. However, following recent research project is maximized by discounting fare 30$\%$ on 40$\%$ of total passenger and expand number of discount kinds step by step are desirable.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2004

서울시 대중교통개편에서 요금부과방안은 기본적으로 거리비례제체제(Distance-Based Fare System)에 근거하고 있다. 거리비례제에서 요금은 일정거리를 주행하는 기본요금과 수단간 환승에서 발생하는 환승요금, 일정거리 이상의 주행에 따른 할증요금으로 구분된다. 본 연구는 거리비례제에 따른 요금부과 시 최소요금경로를 탐색하는 방안을 제시한다. 이를 위한 다수의 수단이 존재하는 복합교통망의 환승지점에서 네트워크확장이 필요치 않도록 링크표지을 적용했다. 동일링크에서 복수통행수단의 표현이 가능하도록 수단에 따른 링크확장개념을 활용하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제안하는 최소요금경로 알고리즘은 수단을 표현하기 위한 표식이 별도로 필요하지 않아, 기존의 링크표지 최적경로알고리즘의 적용이 가능하다. 또한 요금부과과정을 네트워크에 적용하기 위하여 출발지를 기준으로 표현된 연속된 두 링크에 대해 기본요금, 환승요금, 할증요금의 부과과정을 수식으로 표현하였다. 이 수식을 재귀(recursive)형태의 수식으로 전환하여 최소요금경로 탐색알고리즘을 제시하였다. 간단한 예제를 통하여 알고리즘 수행과정을 평가하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2005

서울시 대중교통체계개편에서 요금부과방안은 기본적으로 거리비례제에 근거하고 있다. 거리비례제에서 요금은 일정거리까지의 통행에 따른 기본요금과 수단적 환승에서 발생하는 환승요금, 일정거리 이상의 통행에 따른 할증요금으로 구분하여 부과된다. 본 연구는 거리비례제에 따른 요금부과 시 순차적으로 정렬된 K개의 요금경로를 탐색하는 K요금경로탐색알고리즘을 제안한다. 이를 위해 다수의 대중교통수단이 존재하는 복합교통망에서 링크표지기법을 적용하여 네트워크확장이 요구되지 않도록 하였으며, 동일링크를 통행하는 복수의 통행순단을 각각의 개별링크로 처리되도록 구축하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안하는 K요금경로탐색알고리즘은 수단과 관련된 별도의 표식이 요구되지 않으므로 단일수단 교통망에 확용되는 K경로탐색알고리즘이 직접 적용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 또한 출발지에서 수단을 탑승한 이용자에게 요금이 부과되는 과정을 복합교통망에서 나타내가 위하여 출발지를 기준으로 탐색되는 인접된 두 링크에 대해서 기본요금, 환승요금, 할증요금이 계산되어 합산되는 과정을 수식으로 표현하였다. 이 수식을 K개의 원소를 포함하는 재귀벡터형태(Recursive Vector Formula)로 전화하여 K요금경로탐색을 위한 최적식과 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 간단한 사례연구를 통하여 알고리즘 수행과정을 검증하고 향후에 연구진행방향에 대하여 서술하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.502-516
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• 2002

Wolsong NPP are CANDU6 type reactors and there are 4 CANDU6 type reactors in commercial operation. CANDU type reactors require on-power refuelling by two remote controlled F/Ms (Fuelling Machines). Most of channels, fuel bundles are float by channel coolant flow and move toward downstream, however in about 30% of channels the coolant flow are not sufficient enough to carry fuel bundles to downstream. For those channels a special device, FARE (Flow Assist Ram Extension) device, is used to create additional force to push fuel bundles. It has been showing that during fuelling operation of some channels the channel coolant flow rate is reduced below specified limit (80% of normal), and consequently trip alarm signal turns on. This phenomenon occurs on selected channels that are instrumented for the channel flow and required to use the FARE device for refuelling. Hence it is believed that the FARE device causes the problem. It is also suspected that other channels that do not use the FARE device for refuelling might also go into channel flow low state. The analysis revealed that the channel How low occurs as the FARE device is introduced into the core and disappears as the FARE device is removed from the core. This paper presented the FARE device behavior, detailed fuelling operation sequence with the FARE device and effect on channel flow low phenomena. The FARE device components design changes are also suggested, such as increasing the number or now holes in the tube and flow slots in the ring orifice.