• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2013

Halophytes are unique land plants that are capable of thriving in a high-salt environment. They are attracting public attention due to their ability to synthesize bioactive substances such as UV protectants or antioxidizing agents. To achieve unaffected growth under high salinity, halophytes may take advantage of the activities of cell growth factors such as expansins. Expansins are well-known cell wall proteins that are responsible for cell enlargement. They loosen cell walls, thereby contributing to actual plant growth. This study aimed to identify positive roles of expansins in the growth of halophytes. Three expansin cDNA clones were isolated from seedlings of Suaeda japonica. Comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of the expansin genes of S. japonica with those of other plant species suggested that the cDNA clones isolated from S. japonica belong to the EXPA (${\alpha}$-expansin) gene family. A phylogenetic tree based on the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that the expansins of S. japonica share a close evolutionary relationship with those of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) and jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), both of which are woody dicots. SjEXPAs did not show any remarkable change in the gene expression level in different NaCl concentrations, providing a clue to the unaffected seedling growth of S. japonica in a high-salt environment. In conclusion, the present study presents the first report of expansin genes from halophytes and suggests a putative role for these genes in plant growth under high salinity.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3 s.99
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• pp.172-180
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• 2002

Leaf litter breakdown rates of the Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia and Typha angustifolia were determined at the lower Nakdong River from Nov. 1998 to Sept. 1999. The relationship between leaf litter breakdown of three and abundance of aquatic invertebrates was investigated. Aquatic invertebrates collected in the litterbags were 11 family, 11 species (mean density: $222\;ind./m^2$ , n = 792), and Chironomidae was dominant. Mean density of Chironomidae in the litterbags were different according to the aquatic plant species: Z. latifolia ($180\;ind./m^2$, n = 264) T. angustifolia ($187\;ind./m^2$, n = 264) P. australis ($95\;ind./m^2$, n = 264). The breakdown of Z. latifolia was the shortest, and that of T. angustifolia was shorter than P. australis. Overall, the breakdown rate at floating layer was faster than that of submerged layer in all of three species and differences of the breakdown rate between open bags and closed three species and differences of the breakdown rate between open bags and closed bags were not found.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics of public health nutritionists, the current status of nutrition services operation, the recognition about nutrition services of public health center related man power, the job satisfaction and self-assessment and the need for a retraining course of public health nutritionists. The subjects were 58 public health nutritionists who responded to the questionnaire distributed at the annual retraining program in 1998. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) 46.5% of the nutritionists were 26-30 years old, 62.1% were 4 year university graduates 74.1% were food and nutrition majors and 51.7% were daily workers. 2) Among the public health center-related manpower, the recognition about nutrition services was the highest for the manager of family health section, followed by the head of public health centers, and then the general nurse in public health centers. 3) The ranking of the reasons for job satisfaction of the public health nutritionists was, relationship with colleagues(3.84), inhabitants response after nutrition counselling(3.53), specialized value realization/conviction about duty(3.35), contents of the work(3.10), value achievement(3.08), self achievement/development(3.00), self discretion(2.92), participation in policy decisions(2.90), work load(2.75), chance of retraining and acquisition of new information(2.73), working environment(2.69), supervisio $n^port by superiors(2.67), salary(2.38), supply of necessary education material, technique(2.37), and budget security(2.22). 4) The satisfaction of the inhabitant's responses after nutrition counseling was the highest among the 4 year university graduates(p<0.05), the satisfaction of the specialized value realization/conviction about duty was the highest among the nutritionists 26-30 years old(p<0.05). Food and nutrition majors(p<0.05) and those having worked less than 3-5years at public health centers also showed much satisfaction(p<0.05). Satisfaction with the salary was the lowest among the food and nutrition majors(p<0.01) and daily workers(p<0.001). The satisfaction with the participation in policy decisions was the lowest among the daily workers(p<0.01). 5) The ranking for the level of self-assessment were, nutrition and dietetic practice(2.92), communication(2.80), management(2.77), public health science and practice(2.66)(p<0.01). The general characteristics such as the level of education, major, employment condition, current public health center's tenure, and charge experience of the nutrition guidance work were not significantly related to self-assessment except the management part(p<0.05). The higher the satisfaction of specialized value realization/conviction about the duty, the better the total score on the self-assessment(p<0.05)..

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 1998

ursing as a profession is characterized by its holistic, mind-body-spirit approach to the patient. Also, nurses have historically been the leaders in health education and promotion. Parish nursing has a great potential for providing primary preventive health care. services as well as assisting people to access the health care system. While working in the community, parish nurses see the church as the new arena for delivering health care services. The parish nurse program was introduced by Granger Westberg in 1984. The concept of parish nursing is based on several beliefs; health is multidimensional and affects all aspects of an individual-physical, psychological, social, and spiritaul being. Parish nursing is one model in which churches can cooperatively work with health care institutions to address the needs of their parishioners. The role of the parish nurse is emphasized in four basic area: a) health education, b) health counseling, c) referal services, and d) facilitation and organization of support groups within the congregation. The parish nurse programs work chiefly in congregation or commuity where a certain language of faith is ready at hand. This means that the parish nurse works in an ecology of meanings and care which encourages the drawing on the message of God's grace, the practices and habits it encourages. The parish nurse may be involved in the church's health ministries and may work on either paid or volunteer basis; however, one of the most important qualification of the parish nurse is to have the nursing knowledge and skills to practice within the standards of Nursing Practice Act. The completion of standards of practice for professional nurses practicing as parish nurses had been identified as a priority by the HMA Executive Board (1996, HMA). In conclusion, parish nursing promotes health and healing by empowering the faith community, family, or individual to incorporate health and healing practices. There are several preconditions that should proceed to establish the foundation for successful development of the parish nursing program in Korea. First, reciprocal relationship with home health nursing should be considered. Second, correct terms and concepts of parish nursing should be studied and understood. Third, systematic study and investigation should be followed for further development of parish nursing. Fourth, strengths and weaknesses of different models should be studied to develop proper model of parish nursing for Korean situation. Finally, consensus of standardized education program and corporation with various religious communities as well as health institutions should be established. When these preconditions are met, the role of parish nursing as a new program for the promotion of holistic health will be established.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.88-97
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the development and transition of the Original landscape(始景觀) of Oeam Village based on the landscape that changes over time and the relevant factors and the following summarizes the findings: First, Original landscape perceived by the ancestors of Korea was identified in the description of topography and landscape of Oeam Village mentioned in various literature such as "Oeamgi(巍巖記)" and topography was analyzed to identify that the natural waters that flew before Oeam Village was formed aligned with the artificial waterway inside the village. Second, the landscape of Oeam Village was classified by characterized events: (1) expansion of the tribal town of the Yi Family of Yean, (2) stagnancy where the villagers formed an organic relationship without much change to the landscape, (3) the biggest change to the landscape by national policies, and (4) preservation and use of tourism resources based on preservation of cultural heritage. Third, the center of village moved from the east of village to the west of village. In the past, the east of village provided agricultural functions for the development and expansion of village. The center later shifted to the entrance to the west of village under the influence of industrialization and tourism. Further studies would be necessary to clarify the authenticity of resources through additional literature for better understanding of the past of Oeam Village and the transition of the village's landscape elements and the comparison of their characteristics could be possible topics for future studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.598-608
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• 2000

This study examined several characteristics such as the relationships between environmental attitudes and national park visitors' socio-economic characteristics, and between environmental attitudes and their travel motivations. Environmental attitude was measured using the modified New Environmental Paradigm(NEP) scale, where five response options existed(from strongly disagree to strongly agree). Data for this empirical analysis were obtained from 2,647 participants at six national parks-Sulaksan, Kayasan, Naeiangsan, Pookhansan, Taeanhaean, and Hanryohaesang. Results showed that most visitors gave a pro-NEP response ranging from neutral attitude to pro-environmentalism. Environmental attitudes correlated positively with education level, while, negatively with age. Environmental concern, also, generally correlated positively with 'rest' and 'health' motivators, while, negatively with 'socialization' and 'vacation' motivators. The findings of this study suggest that education is the most effective politic measure to lead pro-environmental concern for park visitors. And, given the nature of the relationship between environmental concern and visitors' motivation, park managers should be more careful handling with family and group visitors who have 'vacation' and 'socialization' motivators than 'rest' and 'health' motivators.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2011

In order to research the effects that indoor plants of apartments in Seoul have on the happiness index, we tried to analyze relationships between indoor plants which are nearest to the residents and happiness which is the final goal of the residents, and for this 200 residents who live in apartments in the Seoul city area were sampled. This study was based on the precedent studies of the facts that horticultural therapy and function of plants had already proven the affirmative roles of plants to people. The results were as follows. Residents reported that they were happiest when the plants were blooming(57%), when the plants were sprouting(33%), when repotting(2%), when distributing(2%) and others(7%). The residents exposed to indoor plants were in direction proportion to the happiness index within 1hour. Happiness indexes of the residents who cared for potted plants were by themselves was 67.90, when family members cared for the plants, 65.09, and when others cared, it was 64.79. The preference of indoor plants and the happiness index according to the scale of interior gardens were in direct proportion. Lastly, the happiness index of residents according to the number of potted plants, was in direct proportion: the more potted plants, the greater the happiness index.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.34
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• pp.5-39
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to establish genre knowledge that can be used to study classical Korean novels. Genre knowledge is important because it characterizes individual works based on their knowledge, as well as organically links them with the social context. In this study, I suggest that long classical Korean novels with similar contents can be analyzed using genre knowledge and analyze the "register" of the representative work Sohyeonsungrok as an example of a classical Korean novel. In the Sydney school, register connects genre and language. Register comprises field, tenor, and mode in the social context, and ideological meaning, interpersonal meaning, and textual meaning through language. These three meanings help us to understand how experiences are transformed into language, the relationship between participants, and the way a text is organized. Based on these frameworks, this study reveals that the linguistic features of Sohyeonsungrok is "an attitude that accepts a wide range of human emotions and desires and steadily waits for it to be included in norms." Classic Korean novels such as Sohyeonsungrok depict characters who are not wicked even though they cannot fully comply with social norms, and thereby create sympathy for family members living through Confucian ideology. This genre knowledge is useful for understanding the ideological implications of classical Korean novels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.133-163
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between social support and child behavior problems and cognitive development in low income female-headed families. Informed by the stress-coping theory, family process model, and theoretical perspectives related to social support, this study estimates both direct and indirect effects of social support on child behavior problems and cognitive development. In particular, we focus on how the relationship between child outcomes and social support is mediated by mothers' parenting stress. The first three waves of longitudinal data from a subsample of 1,315 single and non-cohabiting low-income mothers in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study were utilized in this study. Results suggest that social support is directly associated with child behavior problems and also indirectly associated with child behavior problems mediated by mothers' parenting stress. Social support did not have a direct effect on children's cognitive development but rather had an indirect effect, which was mediated by mothers' parenting stress. The policy and practice implications of these findings are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.71-95
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of household income types and sources on the depressions and self-respect of the old aged. Although household income types and sources are supposed to be important to the mental health of the old aged as well as income level, there have been little policy interests to them. This study analyze the relationship between the household income types & sources and the mental health of the old aged, using the 8th data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study. Major findings are as follows. First, we find that there are considerable variations in the household income sources composition among the old aged, and that types of household income are related to the individual and family features of the old aged. Second, the results of regression analyses show that the household income types are associated with the depression and self-respect of the old aged. And, we find that some income sources affects the mental health of the old aged. The results of this study suggest that there should be policy attentions to the mental health effects of the household income sources so as to increase the adequacy of the income security system for the aged in Korea.