• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.294-304
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• 1998

Illness is a situational crisis which affects entire family members. Children have different experiences and responses when their sibling has a cancer. there are many studies on sibling experiences to childhood cancer which have many problems in the USA. The main purpose of this study is to describe sibling experiences to childhood cancer accurately and coprehensively by collecting data from sibling to provide the data to develop nursing interventions for the families with childhood cancer. The data was collected from October 1 to November 6, 1995. A total of ten siblings with childhood cancer were interviewed. The meaningful contents were classified and categorized to four areas. Theses areas include knowledge and perception related to illness, changes in family life, changes in school life, and siblings' marturation. The results of this study were as follows 1. Knowledge and perception related to childhood cancer : Children had limited knowledge about illness and expressed the desire to tow more about sibling's illness. 2. Changes in family and school life : Children expressed loneness, emptiness, sadness, depression about seperation with the mother and sibling, family mood change, leisure activities and financial difficulites. Many children reported that their school performance had suffered since sibling's illness. 3. Maturation of children : Some positive outcoms related to having a sibling with a cancer are maturation, increased affection for the sibling, empathy for their parents. The results of this study indicate that it is important to develop comprehensive nursing intervention programs for the families with a childhood cancer.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.323-331
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• 2021

This paper examines the relationship between ownership structure and level cash holdings in an emerging country, namely, Saudi Arabia, by constructing a corporate governance mechanism (foreign ownership, family ownership, institutional and managerial ownership). This paper uses data from 100 listed firms at Saudi Stock Exchange (TADAWUL) from 2011 to 2019. The firm's decision to hold cash has come to the fore in the last two or three years as a result of the recent global financial crisis, and the impact that this has had on the firms' ability to raise funds from external sources. Using the random-effect generalized least square (GLS) regression model, the findings reveal that foreign and family ownership negatively influences cash holdings, while managerial ownership has a positive association with cash holdings. Further, institutional ownership did not have a direct effect on cash holdings in Saudi Arabia. Our results suggest that ownership structure include foreign ownership, family and managerial ownership is an essential vehicle to promote the performance of cash holding of all the 100 public-listed non-financial firms in Saudi Arabia. We recommend that sound policies should be targeted toward foreign ownership, family, and managerial ownership since they are essential to improve cash holding in Saudi Arabian firms.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.3-51
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• 2002

Income inequality in Korea has increased after the economic crisis, and the main reason for the widening of income distribution is due to the increase of the unemployed when analyzed using the Family Icome and Expenditure Survey(FIES). However, income inequality has not decreased although the rate of unemployment decreased after 2000. Further data bases for income-related statistics are necessary to examine the exact causes of changing income inequality as a whole since the FIES covers only statistics on urban employees' wage and salary in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.620-635
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• 1992

This study identified correlations between perceived family support and hopelessness in patients admitted to Neuro - surgical Intensive Care Units. The purpose was to enhance theoretical understanding of the relationships of these two variables. The subjects of this study were 51 patients admitted to N-lCU, at three general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected by researcher in structured interviews from Aug. 12 to Oct. 13, 1992. The research tools were parts of the Moos Family Environment Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The general characteristic data were analyzed for frequency and percentage ; the hypothesis was tested by the pearson product Moment Correlation Coefficient. After normality tests by using Kolmogorov - Sminorvtest, and T- test, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal -Wallis test were used on the Family Support and the Hopelessness about general charcteristics. The results of the above analysis were as follows 1) The average family support score for the group was 63.61 (tool average 51) and item average was 3.74 (tool item average 3) : the family support score of this sample was higher than average. The average family cohesion score of family support was 35.25 (tool average 27) and item average was 3.91 (tool item average 3). The average family expression score of family support was 28.35 (tool average 24) and item average was 3.57 (tool average 3). In this sample, perceived family expression was lower than family cohesion. 2) The average hopelessness score was 45.88 (tool average 60) and item average was 2.29 (tool item average 3) : the hopelessness score of this sample was low in comparison to the average. 3) The hypothesis in this study was supported. The main hypothesis that the higher the perceived family support level, the lower the level Of the hopelessness, was Supported (r＝-.3869 p＝.003). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family cohesion level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported(r＝-.3688 p＝.004). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family expression level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported (r＝-.3068 p＝.014). 4) General characteristics of the objects related to family support were ‘economic status’(p＝.025) and ‘helping person’(P＝.044) : the higher the economic status, the greater the family support. When the patient identified the helping person as a spouse, family support was rated more highly. The only general characteristic related to family cohesion was ‘helping person’(p＝.041). No general characteristics were related to family expression. 5) The one general characteristic related to hopelessness was ‘education’(p＝.002) : the higher their education, the lower their hopelessness. For these ICU patients, were related perceived family support and hopelessness, and family expression level was low in comparison to family cohesion level. The perceived family support of these seriously ill patients in situational crisis may have influenced the patient's emotional reaction of hopelessness. This study concluded that nurses in the ICU confirm the family support of the patient, and involve the family as the most intimate support systems in the care of the patient to help reduce the patient's hopelessness.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.941-958
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore change trajectories patterns of Self-Rated Health in middle aged, to identify socioeconomic factors, self-esteem, family relationship factors, and to identify relevant predictors. For this purpose, the 2,418 middle aged, who married couples were extracted from the 2^nd to 12^st waves of Korea Welfare Panel Survey data. The data analysis included Latent Class Growth Analysis, multiple logistic regression. The change trajectories patterns of self-rated health in middle aged were classified into four types: (1) high state-retained type(46.3%), (2) low state-retained type(19.6%), (3) reduced type(17.5%), (4) increasing type(16.6%). Despite the control of chronic diseases that are closely related to health, when the low state-retained type, which is a crisis group, was set as the reference group for the self-rated health, the economic participation, self-esteem and satisfaction of the family relationship had a more inadequate effect than the high state-retained type. Likewise, when the reduced type, which is a crisis group, was set as the reference group for the self-rated health, the economic participation, self-esteem, satisfaction of the family relationship, and family stress had a more effect than the increasing type. Based on the analysis results, this study suggest political and practical intervention to maintain the proper health, and the details are as follows.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

With low carbon and green growth as the policy indicator, Korea has been concentrating on a variety of researches and technical development as well as recommending the LED lighting facility as part of Green Energy policy to cope with the environment and energy crisis. While the interest on LED has been increasing, the development of LED is still in its early stage and researches on diverse aspects of LED are not sufficiently implemented. Thus, this paper aimed to get the data that would help the expansion of LED lighting by comparing and analyzing the awareness and knowledge level of the public and experts on LED lighting.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.441-481
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• 2022

This study attempted to explore the experience related to the work-family balance of working moms during the COVID-19 period. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted by recruiting 17 part-time and full-time working moms with at least 1 child under the age of 13. As a result of analyzing the data using the method of grounded theory, 106 concepts, 50 subcategories, and 24 categories were derived. The central phenomenon that working moms experienced in the process of work and family balance were "physical and emotional exhaustion", "anxiety and guilt about not doing well in situations of role conflicts between various roles", "job crisis experienced by working mothers" and "deepening family conflicts". The process of working moms overcoming the central phenomenon and achieving work-family balance was identified as five stages: the 'shock and confusion stage', the 'struggling stage', the 'actively coping and making compromise stages', the 'acceptance stage', and the 'post-traumatic growth stage'. Based on these results, discussions on the work-family balance of working mothers during the COVID-19 period was dealt as well as suggestions for follow-up studies.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.10
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• pp.187-202
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• 1999

We desperately recognize from the economic situation in IMF crisis that only competive goods and serviced. It is anticipated that this difficult situation will probably be continued till 1999. Therefore, it is necessary to think over real aspects of eating=outdoors in IMF period and to provide an opportunity to confront with this crisis. Analysis a recent tendency of domestic eating-outdoors business, there appears, first of all, dual types of eating-outdoors; the one is a sort of 'Cost Sale', which provides some special menu with lowest prices, and the other is a type of 'Family Restaurant', which regards the atmosphere of the place as one of the most essential elements. Both types are getting more popular today. As the result, neither of the alternative cannot recover the current Depression. It is natural that no other conditions can compete with good tastes, fancy atmosphere, and good prices. As a matter of fact, however, it is quite difficult to run this type of bussiness adjusted the above whole conditions. Therefore owners of eating-house must decide to run either ' Cost Sale' or 'Family Restaurant' first and investigate some problems and conditions accordingly. In ane way, the owner intensively visits to some eating houses which is similar style in size and management to that of his style in size and management to that of his and look over what is good and what is bad Right after this investigation, it is efficient for he or she to improve his or her business style in size and management in a short period. It is helpful to check some complements; improvement of signboards, cleaning up of the interior, selecting suitable menu, adjusted prices, tastes, and service quality etc. Although eating-outdoors business is hard hit by IMF, We hope that it would rapidly be brisk in 2000, becaused by that time the basis of each industry would be high qualified, and rich technology would be accumulated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.5829-5835
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• 2015

This paper investigates the impact of corporate governance structure on the firm's debt costs under different governance environments. We find that after the 2008 banking crisis, family firms with controlling shareholders benefit from lower debt cost through the strong control rights of dominating large shareholders, compared with the firms with diversified minority-shareholders. Foreign investors are related statistically to the higher cost of debt. Before the 2008 banking crisis, cash flows and growth potentials are positively associated with the firm's cost of debt.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.265-284
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• 2011

This paper examines how Sedgwick makes a political allegory of founding the nation in domestic terms in The Linwoods (1835). Set in the Revolutionary period, The Linwoods is a historical fiction reconstructed by the writer in order to diagnose currently controversial issues. In this aspect, Sedgwick's interest in history is genealogical in Foucaudian sense. Foucault's genealogical method provides a way of recuperating a part of history hidden, submerged, obliterated by the official history. Seen in a genealogical perspective, the story of the Linwoods can be viewed as a political allegory in order to explore political conflicts of Sedgwick's own day. Faced with the threat of national disunion presented in the Nullification Crisis of sectional conflicts and divisions, Sedgwick attempts to provide a fictional solution to the first serious challenge to the U. S. Constitution. Going back to the times around the American Revolution, Sedgwick emphasizes how strenuously the American Constitution of America was formed as the outcome of the war against the tyranny of Britain, and how the Union was made on the basis of the cooperation between the States. By posing a contrast of political positions between family members, Sedgwick imagines a family/nation that allows diverse political positions. The conclusion of a diversity of marriages between man and woman who agree to be united after overcoming their differences in political affiliations seems to show her conservative proclivity to support the Union. However, by emphasizing the principles of freedom and equality represented by the significant role of Isabella and Rose, an African-American slave, in the victory of the American Revolution, Sedgwick also supports the spirit of the Jacksonian American democracy.