• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2021

Objective: This study is to investigate the effect of real-time feedback from the therapist on posture, muscle strength, pain of subjects with forward head posture based on a non-face-to-face complex exercise program. Design: Two-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Thirty healthy men and women in their twenties with forward head posture with a Craniovertebral angle of 52° or less were targeted, the final selection was made as 15 experimental groups who performed the non-face-to-face intervention program while receiving real-time feedback and 15 control subjects who performed the non-face-to-face intervention program without providing feedback. Six of them were eliminated, and a total of 24 were conducted as subjects. All exercise groups performed an exercise program three times a week, 30 minutes each, for a total of two weeks. Before and after exercise, Craniovertebral angle (CVA), CranioRotation angle (CRA), muscle strength, and tenderness threshold were evaluated. Results: Significant differences were shown in both groups in CVA, and tenderness threshold before and after exercise (p<0.05), and CRA, the left middle trapezius muscle strength, only in the experimental group (p<0.05). In the comparison of theamount of change between exercise groups, the group that received feedback on CVA, CRA and tenderness threshold showed a significant change than the group without feedback (p<0.05). Conclusions: As a result of this study, it can be seen that the therapist's real-time feedback is more effective in improving the forward head posture. This requires feedback from the therapist on posture correction during non-face-to-face exercise intervention.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 상이한 피드백 제공방식과 피드백 제공자와 수용자 간의 강화경험이 품질관리 수행에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 것이었다. C 대학 및 대학원의 재학생 100명을 대상으로 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터를 사용하여 상품을 생산하는 가상의 휴대폰 조립과제를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 독립변인은 두 가지의 피드백 제공방식(면대면과 이메일)과 강화경험의 유무였으며, 종속변인으로는 참가자들의 수행 정확도를 측정하였다. $2{\times}2$ 집단 간 설계가 적용되었으며 실험은 총 4회기로써 사전회기 1회기와 실험회기 3회기로 각 회기는 30분으로 구성되었다. 연구 결과 강화경험을 가지고 있는 경우 두 가지 피드백의 품질관리 정확도 향상 효과가 유사하게 나타났으나 강화경험이 없는 경우에는 면대면 피드백이 품질관리 정확도 향상에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 두 가지 피드백 제공방식과 피드백 제공자와 수용자 간의 강화경험에 따라 수행에 미치는 피드백의 효과가 달라질 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

Due to COVID-19, all activities in society are emphasized non-face-to-face, and the educational environment is changing without exception. Looking at the results of the survey after conducting non-face-to-face education, there was a lot of rejection of non-face-to-face practical education. The biggest reason was that instructors were not familiar with the non-face-to-face education method, and feedback was not smooth during or after education. In particular, software practice education was not easy to share the software development environment, but communication and feedback on class contents and tasks were important. In particular, if face-to-face and non-face-to-face are alternately variable, it is not easy for practical education to be consistently connected. Even if non-face-to-face hands-on education is changed to face-to-face hands-on education, we will present a plan to use a data sharing system such as question-and-answer, assignment, practice content, and board content so that it can proceed smoothly. This study presents an efficient software education process that can provide learners with a software integrated practice environment based on a shared server, question-and-answer between instructors and learners, and share feedback on tasks. For the verification of the presented process, the effectiveness was confirmed through the survey results by applying the face-to-face/non-face-to-face education process to 220 trainees for 30 months in software education classes such as A university hands-on education, B company new employees, and ICT education courses.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.449-465
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• 2024

This study conducted a systematic literature review using online databases to investigate the effective feedback types that enhance the learning experiences of online students. Feedback is a critical component for learner success. With the expansion of online education, the importance of feedback has become more evident due to the reduced interaction between instructors and learners. Instructors must provide high-quality feedback that motivates learners and supports their educational goals. This involves using automated tools appropriate for the environment and effective feedback strategies to deliver personalized feedback. The literature was gathered through an extensive search process, adhering to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and included a risk assessment of selected studies, drawing from sources such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, and other Scopus-indexed journals. The review adhered to the guidelines set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Specific keywords related to the study's focus, including "Online learning," "Improving learning," "Learner performance," "Feedback type," and "Feedback," guided the database searches. The protocol for selecting systematic reviews on learning enhancement involved screening articles published from 2013 to 2021 based on their titles and abstracts according to established criteria. Analyzing and studying data on learning patterns in non-face-to-face educational environments can improve learners' needs and educational effectiveness. Selecting the right types of feedback, taking into account the learners' levels and educational objectives, is crucial for providing effective feedback. A variety of feedback types are essential for the continuous improvement of learners' learning.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 특징 되먹임 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기위해 특징되먹임 알고리즘의 성능에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 특징마스크를 검증한다. 특징 되먹임 기반 패턴 인식 방법은 PCALDA로 추출된 특징을 원 영역으로 역사상하여 인식에 중요한 부분을 추출하는 기법이다. 추출된 특징은 특징마스크의 형태로 원 영역으로 역사상 되므로, 특징마스크의 특징성능 검증에 대한 연구가 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 Yale data 기반의 얼굴 인식에서 특징마스크를 검출하여 특징마스크에 따른 인식률 변화를 고찰하고 검출된 특징마스크의 성능을 검증한다.

• 지질공학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2014

터널 시공 중 막장 매핑은 터널의 위험도 판단과 향후 지보패턴 결정에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 막장관찰기록지를 이용한 기존의 수기 매핑 방식을 탈피하여 모바일을 이용한 디지털 매핑 시스템을 제시하였다. 현장에서 디바이스를 기반으로 작성된 매핑 자료는 메인서버와 연동되어 자동으로 데이터베이스화가 되며 담당자 및 관련전문가들 사이에서 실시간 피드백이 가능하도록 구현하였다. 매핑의 정밀한 표현 방식 및 다량의 데이터 누적에 의한 속도 저하 문제는 Douglas-Peucker 알고리즘 등을 이용하여 해결하고자 하였다. 본 시스템은 향후 다양한 현장 검증 및 추가적인 기능 개선 등을 통해 완성도가 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.717-731
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to suggest effective online pedagogical strategies for a fashion design CAD course to enhance student learning and satisfaction. The study investigated student experience of online learning and compared online learning with a face-to-face learning experience. Student concentration, participation, perceptions of effectiveness of teaching, utilization of learning materials, and satisfaction were analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale. Advantages and disadvantages of online learning as well as advantages of face-to-face learning were also analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Student concentration, participation, and perception of effectiveness of teaching were greater for face-to-face learning with significantly higher concentration on individual practice. Students utilized video recording of synchronous online lectures more actively than PDF lecture notes. The advantages of face-to-face learning were plentiful communication and feedback and easy questioning process as well as high levels of understanding and concentration. Meanwhile, major disadvantages of online learning were the speed of the lecture, lower levels of understanding and concentration, limited peer interaction, and technical problems. Major advantages of online learning were flexibility and convenience, repetitive learning through videos, and instant communication and feedback. Students preferred a blended learning approach for the fashion design CAD course. For effective online learning, it is suggested that instructors frequently question and check student practice through screen share in a private online meeting room and engage activities that are demanding of student interaction. The video recording of synchronous online lectures is also suggested as a supplemental learning material for repetitive learning.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.150-160
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• 2007

교실수업에서는 지속적인 면대면 피드백을 통해 학습동기를 부여하고 학습 성취 욕구를 충족시켜주어 몰입학습을 유도 할 수 있으나 이러닝에서는 교실수업에 준하는 상호작용수준에 미치지 못하고 있어 많은 학습자들이 중도탈락이나 포기를 하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 이러닝 환경에서의 문제점을 개선하고자 본 연구에서는 교실수업에서 사용하는 대화 피드백을 시스템에서 제공해 주어 학습자의 몰입학습을 증진시키는 대화 기반 피드백 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템을 학교 현장에 적용해 보았으며, 그 결과 실험집단이 통제집단에 비해 학습자 개인에게 명확한 학습 목표의식과 도전감, 구체적인 피드백이 이루어져 몰입학습을 증진시킨 것으로 나타났다. 이는 본 시스템에서 제공해 주는 대화 기반 피드백이 학습자에게 적극적인 학습참여 자세를 배양하였고 학습의 흥미와 관심을 유지시켜 몰입학습을 유도하였음을 시사하고 있다. 끝으로 본 연구가 가지는 의의로 이러닝 환경에서 새로운 학습 시스템의 개발 방향을 제시하였다고 결론지을 수 있다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.210-220
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• 2023

We analyzed and compared factors such as changes in the degree of difficulty of concepts presented in Chemistry I textbook, changes in class types (non-face-to-face, face-to-face), etc. on academic achievement by level (upper, middle, and lower). Students from A high school in Gyeongsangnam-do were selected for the subjects of the study. As a result of analyzing the change in the degree of difficulty of concepts, the total score of chemistry I combined by non-face-to-face and face-to-face classes during the second semester was lower than that of the first semester. As a result of analyzing the impact of factors such as changes in conceptual difficulty, changes in class types, etc. on academic achievement by level, students' grades at the 'lower level' by non-face-to-face classes were lower than those by face-to-face classes. In particular, at the lower level of the second semester, there was a large difference in grades between non-face-to-face and face-to-face classes. In the results of these studies, it was found that instructors' active feedback is important to identify difficulties in understanding learning contents for students with low levels of academic achievement and improve them at the same time.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.386-391
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• 2003

This paper focuses on robust $H_{\infty}$ control for bilinear systems with time-varying parameter uncertainties and exogenous disturbance via output feedback. $H_{\infty}$ control is achieved via separation into a $H_{\infty}$ state feedback control problem and a $H_{\infty}$ state estimation problem. The suitable robust stabilizing output feedback control law can be constructed in term of approximated solution to x-dependent Riccati equation using successive approximation technique. Also, the $H_{\infty}$ filter gain can be constructed in term of solution to algebraic Riccati equation. The output feedback control robustly stabilizes the plant and guarantees a robust $H_{\infty}$ performance for the closed-loop systems in the face of parameter uncertainties and exogenous disturbance.