• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.199-203
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• 2018

The number of reported cases with dual disability is increasing for the past few decades. Currently, dual disability of lower limb amputation and motor weakness after stroke became a strong issue in public concern. The functional levels of patients have shown in the wide range from independent community ambulation to non-ambulation. Thus, it indicates that favorable outcomes for dual disability may depend upon adopted rehabilitative strategies. We present the case of a man with left below-knee amputation and severe right-sided weakness following a huge putaminal hemorrhage. He had suffered from extreme pain and misfit of the prosthetic socket and the complicated residual limb for three years prior to the stroke. Forty days post-stroke, we performed a revision surgery to resolve the complications of bony overgrowth, verrucous hyperplasia, and neuroma and applied an ankle foot orthosis (AFO). Two years post-stroke, he was able to ambulate outside his home and negotiate stairs using a cane. This is the first case with the dual disability of lower limb amputation and contralateral hemiplegia to undergo revision surgery. The results suggest that an early revision surgery and use of an AFO are crucial for achieving a higher level of mobility in such cases.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, affects around 2 in every 1000 individuals in western countries and its incidence, particularly amongst children, is increasing. IBD shows extreme morbidity with impact on all aspects of quality of life. If left untreated, IBD can lead to death. Conventional treatment of IBD involves powerful immunosuppressive chemotherapies and surgical intervention. Long-term anti-inflammatory medication is required and so patients are often subject to a spectrum of unpleasant side effects. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine that acts to suppress inflammation. When however administered by injection, the high levels of IL-10 that are distributed throughout the body also lead to side effects. Lactococcus lactis can be genetically engineered to secrete biologically active cytokines. When applied to the mucosa, these L. lactis can actively deliver such cytokines. By use of this principle we developed a new therapeutic approach for IBD. Administration of L. lactis that secretes murine IL-10 cures and prevents IBD in mice. The use of the engineered L. lactis gets around the problem of delivering IL-10, allowing dramatic reduction of the effective dose. A sincere concern exists about the possible dangers of uncontrolled, deliberate release of genetically modified microorganisms, such as could occur following application in healthcare. We engaged in the establishment of adequate means for biological growth control of engineered L. lactis by targeted gene exchange between thyA and hIL-10.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2022

HunMinJeongEum, meaning "the right sound to teach the people," was created in 1443 CE by King Sejong the Great, the fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty. In today's modern language, this letter, called Hangeul, is internationally recognized for its linguistic science. However, it is hard to find a comprehensive study on the fact that King Sejong himself created Hangeul, the Confucian perspective on natural disasters and democracy revealed in the process of writing, the independent efforts emphasized from a certain period, and the achievements of King Sejong, who shared the sorrow of the people and carried out national policies despite the extreme opposition of the nobility. Accordingly, I analyzed the consonants of HunMinJeongEum and looked at the essence of humanity and oriental philosophy (Yin-Yang Five Elements, Sangsu Philosophy, Hado). Surprisingly, different meanings from previous studies and interpretations were found, and King Sejong's "Da Vinci Code," which was left behind in the process of making the consonant, is reinterpreted and revealed. King Sejong's achievements were all connected as one. This is the root of democracy in the Republic of Korea today, and this is why King Sejong was selected as the most beloved and respected historical figure by the Korean people. This study will start with more people's understanding of the fundamental perception and philosophy of the world in Asia, including Korea, to reinterpret and reveal the hardships and great achievements experienced by a leader of a country in the process of creating korean alphabet, and to emphasize democracy, which is an important value for Asians and Westerners' mutual respect and co-prosperity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.2222-2229
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• 2023

Radon and radon progeny being natural radioactive pollutants, seriously affect the health of uranium miners. Radon reduction by ventilation is an essential means to improve the working environment. Firstly, the relational model is built between the radon exhalation rate of the loose body and the ventilation parameters in the stope with radon percolation-diffusion migration dynamics. Secondly, the model parameters of radon exhalation dynamics are uncertain and described by triangular membership functions. The objective functions of the left and right equations of the radon exhalation model are constructed according to different possibility levels, and their extreme value intervals are obtained by the immune particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO). The fuzzy target and fuzzy constraint models of radon exhalation are constructed, respectively. Lastly, the fuzzy aggregation function is reconstructed according to the importance of the fuzzy target and fuzzy constraint models. The optimal control decision with different possibility levels and importance can be obtained using the swarm intelligence algorithm. The case study indicates that the fuzzy aggregation function of radon exhalation has an upward trend with the increase of the cut set, and fuzzy optimization provides the optimal decision-making database of radon treatment and prevention under different decision-making criteria.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.11
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• pp.373-378
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the statistical properties of four previously developed pediatric coronary artery z score models in healthy Korean children. Methods: The study subjects were 181 healthy Korean children, whose age ranged from 1 month to 15 years. The diameter of each coronary artery was measured using 2-dimensional echocardiography and converted to the z score in the four models (McCrindle, Olivieri, Dallaire, and Japanese model). Descriptive statistical analyses and 1-sample t tests were performed. Results: All calculated z scores had P values of ${\geq}0.050$ using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The one sample t test showed that the mean z scores did not converge to zero except in 1 model, and the mean right coronary artery (RCA) z score was less than zero in all 4 models. The smaller RCA diameter in this study could be associated with the more distal measuring point used to avoid the conal branch. The percentage of subjects with extreme z score values (${\geq}2.0$ and ${\geq}2.5$) for the left main coronary artery (LMCA) seems to be higher in the Dallaire (4.9% and 3.3%) and Japanese models (7.1% and 3.8%). Conclusion: All 4 models showed statistical feasibility of normal distribution. More precise instructions would be needed for the measurement of the RCA. The higher percentage of extreme z scores for the LMCA is compatible with the basic understanding of anatomic variation in the LMCA.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22
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• pp.93-102
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• 2004

A total of 110 surface sediment were analyzed in order to understand the geochemical eharacteristics of the surface sediments and to evaluate the benthic environmental condition of Gwangyang Bay. The surface sedimentary distribution can be classified by five facies; mud (M), sandy mud (sM), sand (S), muddy sand (mS) and gravely sand mud ((g)sM). However, mud face is the predominant sedimentary feature of the Gwangyang Bay. The benthic environment based on total organic carbon/total nitrogen (C/N) and total organic carbon/total sulfur (C/S) ratios of organic matter showed that anoxic environment is prevailed in some parts of the study area because the C/S ratio of organic matter was higher than 2.8. The hydrogen sulfide (H$_2$S) content showed extreme variability from site to site. It varies from 307 ppm to 1 ppm (average, 92 ppm). The inter-relationship of redox-sensitive elements (Mn, V, Mo and Cr) showed a relatively strong positive relationship with high accumulation in the sediment at the inner sites of the Bay (left of Myo Island). High content of TOC and hydrogen sulfide, and a high accumulation rate of redox- sensitive element were predominant characteristics in the sediments at the inner sites of the Bay (left of Myo Island), suggesting that this area is in an oxygen deficient, and potentially polluted condition.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.488-500
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• 2011

[ $D{\'{e}}formation$ ]is one of the most important cultural factor which puts people at ease and gives a sense of security. This study, in the process, analyzes the works of Moschino. Moschino's designs are rated to have approached the sublime when it comes to transforming the psychological anxiety of everyday living into a laughter. After selecting one hundred-two of Moschino's designs from the Internet Web site(www.cft.or.kr, www.samsungdesign.net), this study examines and analyzes the characteristics and types of deformation found in them. The result as follows. The examination of deformation found in Moschino designs can be classified into a transformation, distortion, exaggeration, and illusion. Transformation, a conscious change of the existing form or function, was shown as the change of an existing position, form, function and designation of a new function. Distortion, an interpretation away from the reality or a "wrong interpretation," was shown by placing opposing factors in left-right position as an extreme asymmetry. Exaggeration, always beyond the realm of reality, was shown thorough an enlargement or a magnification of a specific part and a repetition of a detail factors. Illusion, through a distortion of reality results in something that looks new, was expressed through the effects of wearing a two-pieces, an expression of details, effects of wearing accessories, and an expression of a dynamism. Therefore, Moschino has reflected the desire of homo modern to transform the existing situation through many techniques of deformation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2016

In adults, mallet finger is a traumatic zone I lesion of the extensor tendon with either tendon rupture or bony avulsion at the base of the distal phalanx. High-energy mechanisms of injury generally occur in young men, whereas lower energy mechanisms are observed in elderly women. The mechanism of injury is an axial load applied to a straight digit tip, which is then followed by passive extreme distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) hyperextension or hyperflexion. Mallet finger is diagnosed clinically, but an X-ray should always be performed. Tubiana's classification takes into account the size of the bony articular fragment and DIPJ subluxation. We propose to stage subluxated fractures as stage III if the subluxation is reducible with a splint and as stage IV if not. Left untreated, mallet finger becomes chronic and leads to a swan-neck deformity and DIPJ osteoarthritis. The goal of treatment is to restore active DIPJ extension. The results of a six- to eight-week conservative course of treatment with a DIPJ splint in slight hyperextension for tendon lesions or straight for bony avulsions depends on patient compliance. Surgical treatments vary in terms of the approach, the reduction technique, and the means of fixation. The risks involved are stiffness, septic arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Given the lack of consensus regarding indications for treatment, we propose to treat all cases of mallet finger with a dorsal glued splint except for stage IV mallet finger, which we treat with extra-articular pinning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.117-127
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• 2010

In this study, hyperspace is a result of imagination created by means of facts and fiction, represents a transfer to determination and indetermination, and means an extension to an open form. In other words, hyperspace is a high dimensional space expanded to imagination through the combination of the viewpoint on facts in this dimension and fiction. When the 2D plane surface or 3D symmetry is destroyed, or when the frame is twisted or entangled, the non-Euclidean geometry is created eventually. And when the twisting leads to transmutation and the destruction of the form reaches the extreme; this in turn became the twisting like Mbius band. Likewise, the non-Euclidean geometry is co-related to the asymmetry of the Higgs mechanism. When the 'destruction of symmetry' is considered, symmetric theory and asymmetric world can be connected. The asymmetry in turn can maintain balance by arranging the uneven weights at different distances from the shaft. Moreover, at this the concept of the upper, lower, left and right, which was included in the original form, may be crumbled down. The destruction of the symmetry is essential in order to present forecast that coincides with the phenomenon of the real world. Non-Euclidean geometry characteristic is expressed by asymmetry, twists, and deconstruction and its representative characteristic is ambiguity. The boundary between the front, back, upper, lower, inner and outer is unclear, and it is difficult and vague to pinpoint specific location. The design that does not clearly define or determine the direction of wearing costume is indeed the non-oriented design that can be worn without getting restricted by specific direction such as front and back. Non-Euclidean geometry characteristic of hyperspace have been applied to create new shapes through the modification of the substance from traditional clothing of the eastern world to modern fashion. The way of thinking in the 'hyperspace' that used to be expressed in the costumes of the east and the west in the past became the forum for unlimited creation.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.419-430
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• 2022

In wind-resistant designs, wind velocity is assumed to be a Gaussian process; however, local complex topography may result in strong non-Gaussian wind features. This study investigates the non-Gaussian wind features over complex terrain under atmospheric turbulent boundary layers by the large eddy simulation (LES) model, and the turbulent inlet of LES is generated by the consistent discretizing random flow generation (CDRFG) method. The performance of LES is validated by two different complex terrains in Changsha and Mianyang, China, and the results are compared with wind tunnel tests and onsite measurements, respectively. Furthermore, the non-Gaussian parameters, such as skewness, kurtosis, probability curves, and gust factors, are analyzed in-depth. The results show that the LES method is in good agreement with both mean and turbulent wind fields from wind tunnel tests and onsite measurements. Wind fields in complex terrain mostly exhibit a left-skewed Gaussian process, and it changes from a softening Gaussian process to a hardening Gaussian process as the height increases. A reduction in the gust factors of about 2.0%-15.0% can be found by taking into account the non-Gaussian features, except for a 4.4% increase near the ground in steep terrain. This study can provide a reference for the assessment of extreme wind loads on structures in complex terrain.