• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.727-734
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• 2014

To investigate anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidation activities of the root of Arctium lappa L (RALL), which has been used as foodstuff and oriental medicine in Korea, the ethanol extract and its subsequent organic solvent fractions of the RALL were prepared. The yield of ethanol extraction was 10.94%, and the content of total polyphenol and total sugar of ethanol extract were 5.01 and 694.53 mg/g, respectively. The fraction yields of n-hexane, ethylacetate (EA), butanol and water residue were 1.62, 0.42, 5.98 and 85.38%, respectively. In anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extract of RALL did not show significant changes in thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), whereas the EA fractions showed 13 folds extended TT, PT, and aPTT respectively. Interestingly, the water residue showed strong activation effect against blood clotting factors with shortened aPTT, which might provide the evidence of coagulation agent of RALL in folk remedy. In anti-platelet aggregation assay, the activity of the ethanol extract and its fractions were comparable to that of aspirin. Especially the EA fraction showed 2-folds higher inhibitory activity than aspirin. In anti-oxidation activity assay, the EA fraction also showed strong in DPPH, ABTS and nitrite scavenging activity, and reducing power activity. The extract and fractions of RALL have ignorable hemolytic activity against human RBC up to 0.5 mg/mL concentration. Our results suggest that the EA fraction of RALL have potentials as safe and novel anti-thrombosis agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.658-665
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• 2017

The current study was performed to investigate the changes of bio-activities of Salicornia europaea (SE) depending on the different dry methods. The ethanol extracts were prepared from the freeze-drying SE (FD), hot-air drying SE (HD), and shade drying SE (SD). Their anti-oxidant and anti-thrombosis activities were compared. The yields of ethanol extraction in FD, HD, and SD were 14.4, 13.2 and 11.9%, respectively. The highest contents of total polyphenol (4.6 mg/g) and total sugar (23.4 mg/g) were shown in FD, whereas, the highest content of reducing sugar (14.6 mg/g) was observed in HD. In anti-oxidation activity assay, the FD and HD showed similar radical scavenging activities and reducing power. However, in SD, nitrite scavenging activity and reducing power were severely decreased. In anti-coagulation activity assay, the thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of FD, HD and SD did not show significant changes at 5 mg/mL concentration. But the HD at 7 mg/mL had strong inhibitions against thrombin and blood coagulation factors. The platelet aggregation and hemolysis activities were not affected by dry methods. Our results suggest that both FD and HD are effective to maintain the functional ingredient of SE, and HD is economic and efficient dry process for production of functional food.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 2013

In this study, we examined the antioxidative activities of ethanol extracts obtained from three plants; Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc., Xanthium strumarium Linn, and Lonicera japonica, which have traditionally been used as drugs in Eastern medicine in Korea. Their extraction yields were 7.01%, 2.92%, and 7.95% in Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc., Xanthium strumarium L, and Lonicera japonica, respectively. The contents of the phenolic compounds were $4.3{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/ml$, $5.4{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/ml$, and $4.6{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/ml$ in Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc., and Xanthium strumarium L, respectively. Furthermore, the radical scavenging activity measured through the DPPH assay appeared highest in the Lonicera japonica's extract, and its $EC_{50}$ was 0.24 mg/ml. Compared to the control, the xanthine oxidase inhibiting activities of all extracts were effective at 0.01 mg/ml concentration. Superoxide radical scavenging activity in Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. and Lonicera japonica was more than 80%, with a concentration of 50 mg/ml. OH radical scavenging activity was 40% in the three plants, with a concentration of 50 mg/ml scavenging activity. From our results, we demonstrated that the ethanol extracts of three medicinal plants have antioxidant activities and could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 1999

Processing conditions for dried condiments with oyster, pen shell and cockle shell were investigated. The enzymatic hydrolysis for 3 hours was more profitable than hydrothermal extraction to develop flavoring matters from oyster, pen shell and cockle shell. As a result of omission tests, nucleotides were predominated in the taste compounds of shellfish hydrolysates rather than free amino acids, and the contribution of nucleotides and free amino acids to the taste of shellfish hydrolysates was remarkable. The major flavoring components of shellfish hydrolysates were free amino acids and oligopeptides below 500 dalton. When shellfish hydrolysates were separated with membrane (molecular weight cutoff 500 dalton) for recovering flayer, recovering yields of amino type nitrogen were $92.1\~92.8\%$. Moisture contents of dried shellfish condiments prepared with pretense hydrolyzed oyster, pen shell and cockle shell were $3.5\%,\;3.8\%$ and $3.7\%$, respectively. Contents of total nitrogen were $69.4\%,\;78.8\%$ and $74.2\%$, and those of amino nitrogen were $45.5\%,\;48.9\%$ and $45.4\%$, respectively. Drying yield, solubility and absorption rates at Aw 0.88 were $11.7\%,\;78.4\%$ and $6.8\%$ in oyster, $8.2\%,\;73.6\%$ and $6.1\%$ in pen shell, $9.8\%,\;76.9\%$ and $6.6\%$ in cockle shell, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.680-688
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• 2016

Sipyukmiryuki-eum (SYMYKE), Danjacheongpi-tang (DJCPT), Jipae-san Ⅰ (JPS Ⅰ), Jipae-san Ⅱ (JPS Ⅱ), and Chungganhaeul-tang (CGHUT) are representative herb-combined remedies used in traditional Korean medicine for treating breast cancer patients, as mentioned in "Dongeuibogam." In this study, we investigated the total phenolic contents (TPCs) and the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities of hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of these herbal prescriptions. Among the five herb-combined remedies, the extraction yields of the hot water extracts and 70% ethanol extracts were the highest in JPS Ⅱ (34.30%) and DJCPT (30.50%), respectively. The TPCs of the hot water extracts from the herb medicines were rich in the order of JPS Ⅰ < CGHUT < JPS Ⅱ < SYMYKE < DJCPT. In addition, the 70% ethanol extracts from the herb medicines were rich in the order of JPS Ⅱ < JPS Ⅰ < CGHUT < SYMYKE < DJCPT. Among them, DJCPT and SYMYKE displayed a strong anti-oxidant capability, which was determined using ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power and scavenging of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical activity assays. In addition, anti-microbial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were stronger in the 70% ethanol extracts than in the hot water extracts. Together, these findings reveal a positive relationship between TPCs and their anti-oxidant activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1665-1671
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• 2012

This study was conducted to assess the removal of residual pesticides and to obtain high amounts of quercetin in onion peel extracts (OPEs) by 4 washing treatments. Washing is one of the standard processing steps in obtaining functional food ingredients from onion peel. After a first detergent wash (0.2% w/v) (DW) and hot air drying ($80^{\circ}C$, 24 hr) (B), 4 washing treatments were tested, including a second DW (C), ultrasonication ($50^{\circ}C$, 10 min) plus DW (D), 0.3% $H_2O_2$ (v/v) plus DW (E), and blanching ($95-97^{\circ}C$, 2 min) plus DW (F). This was followed by 60% (v/v) ethanol extraction and vacuum freeze drying of the OPE. The E treatment yielded 89.04% OPE and a quercetin content of 96.84% in the OPE compared with the B treatment, and had the highest efficiency of all treatments tested. The OPE was tested for the presence of 177 residual pesticides and three compounds were detected in all treatments: cyhalothirn, fluquinconazole and procymidone. Cyhalothirn and fluquinconazole levels were below the permitted levels for fresh onion, while procymidone was present in the high level range of 128.01~133.46 mg/kg in all samples. The E treatment was a better washing method than the others for removal of residual pesticides. It could reduce the level of residual pesticides without changing the functional properties of the OPE.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.655-663
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• 2014

Woosul (Achyranthis radix), a widely used material in food and oriental medicinal industry, has different origins of plant species in Korea, Japan and China. In Korea, woosul is designated as the radix of Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJN) and Achyranthes bidentata Blume (ABB) in the regulation of The Korean Pharmacopoeia. However, the comparative study of hot water (HW) extracts between AJN and ABB is still rudimentary. In this study, HW extracts and its subsequent organic solvent fractions of AJB and ABB were prepared, and their in-vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-diabetes activities were evaluated. The HW extract of ABB has higher sugars and polyphenol compounds, and higher lightness and lower yellowness compared than those of AJN. Analysis of biological activities showed that the ethylacetate (EA) fraction of AJN and n-hexane fraction of ABB have antibacterial activities, and the EA fractions of AJN and ABB has strong antioxidation activities determined by radical scavenging activity and reducing power. In anti-diabetes activity assay, the EA fractions of AJN and ABB showed ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities, while the butanol fractions of AJN and ABB showed ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Our results suggest that the HW extracts of AJB and ABB have different components and extraction yields, and their subsequent fractions have different biological activity. Therefore it was concluded that the EA fraction of AJN is appropriate to develop as natural medicine, and the HW extract of AJN is suitable to woosul-tea or woosul-sikhye production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1425-1432
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the effects of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of water, ethanol and methanol extracts from root, stem and flower stalk of Hagocho (Prunella vulgaris). The solvent extract yields from root were higher than those from stem and flower stalk, and water extract showed the highest extraction yield against ethanol and methanol extracts. The contents of total phenolic and flavonoid in ethanol extract were significantly higher in stem extract compared with those of root and flower stalk. In the case of water and methanol extracts, however, the contents were the highest in flower stalk. The electron donating ability and reducing power in all test groups were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, and antioxidant activities were the highest in methanol extract. In extracts from different parts of Hagocho, the antioxidant activity was the highest in flower stalk followed by stem and root. ABTS radical scavenging ability of water and methanol extracts was above 50% at $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. Antibacterial activities did not show significant differences depending on parts of Hagocho. However, antibacterial activity of ethanol extract was higher than those of other extracts.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.2 s.86
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• pp.171-179
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• 2005

This study was investigated on antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of PSW(pomegranate seed water extract), PSE(pomegranate seed ethanol extract) and PSO(pomegranate seed oil). The extraction yields of PSW, PSE and PSO were 28.9, 13.0 and $4.9\%$, respectively. Total phenol contents of PSW, PSE and PSO were 47, 78 mg/g(dry basis) and 40 mg/g, respectively. Electron donating abilities of PSW, PSE and PSO at 1,000 ppm were 18.8, 28.5 and $9.7\%$, respectively. Antioxidative activities in Iinoleic acid substrates at 500 ppm were in order of PSE > $\alpha-tocopherol$ > PSW > PSO. Antioxidative activities in Iinoleic acid emulsion substrates at 200 ppm were in order of $\alpha-tocopherol$l > PSE > PSW > PSO. In antimicrobial activity, PSO showed growth inhibition effect against Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella enteritidis and PSW showed growth inhibition effect against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli. Whereas antimicrobial activity of PSE was not observed. The nitrite-scavenging abilities of PSW, PSE and PSO at 2,000 ppm were 27.5, 23.7 and $39.6\%$, respectively. And the SOD-like activities of PSW, PSE and PSO at 1,000 ppm were 15.9, 34.9 and $0.10\%$, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2015

In modern electronic warfare systems, a demand on the more accurate estimation method based on TDOA and FDOA has been increased. TDOA/FDOA localization consists of two-stage procedures: the extraction of information from signals and the estimation of emitter location. Various algorithms based on CAF(complex ambiguity function), which is known as a basic method, has been presented in the area of extractions. When we extract TDOA and FDOA information using a conventional method based on the CAF algorithm from communication signals, considerably long integration time is required for the accurate position estimation of an unknown emitter far from sensors more than 300 km. Such long integration time yields huge amount of transmission data from sensors to a central processing unit, resulting in heavy computiational complexity. Therefore, we theoretically analyze the integration time for TDOA/FDOA information using CRLB and propose a two-stage global optimization algorithm which can minimize the transmission time and a computational complexity. The proposed method is compared with the conventional CAF-based algorithms in terms of a computational complexity and the CRLB to verify the estimation performance.