• 제목/요약/키워드: extraction times

검색결과 1,274건 처리시간 0.031초

전탕 압력과 전탕 시간의 차이에 따른 곽향정기산 전탕액 비교 (Investigation of difference of Gwakhyangjeonggi-san decoctions produced by different pressure levels and various extraction times)

  • 김정훈;이나리;신현규;서창섭
    • 대한한의학방제학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : Gwakhyangjeonggi-san (GJS) which consists of 13 herbal medicines has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders caused by common cold. This study was performed to compare GJS decoctions produced using different pressure levels for various extraction times. Methods : Decoctions were prepared by the pressure levels of $0kgf/cm^2$ (non-pressurized) or $1kgf/cm^2$ (pressurized) for 30-180 min. The extraction yield, total soluble solid content (TSSC), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) were measured, and the contents of the nine marker compounds were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results : The higher pressure and longer extraction time significantly increased TSSC value, while decreased the pH value. However, only extraction time affected the extraction yield of pressurized decoction. Variation of the amounts of chemical compounds was shown in pressurized and non-pressurized decoctions during extraction time. The result of regression analysis showed that pressure and extraction time can influence to extraction yield, TSSC, pH, and the content of chemical compounds. Conclusions : This study suggests that the pressure and extraction time can significantly affect the extraction efficiency of components from GJS decoctions.

초임계 이산화탄소와 유기용매를 이용한 Chlorella vulgaris 오일의 추출 (Extraction of Oil from Chlorella vulgaris Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Organic Solvent)

  • 유종훈;박미란;임교빈
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.98-105
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    • 2014
  • Three different types of extraction processes, which used supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCCO_2$) and organic solvent, were attempted to improve the extraction yield of oil from Chlorella vulgaris: cosolvent-modified $SCCO_2$ extraction, $SCCO_2$ extraction with ultrasonic sample treatment in organic solvent, and static extraction with organic solvent followed by dynamic $SCCO_2$ extraction. Among these, the last $SCCO_2$ extraction process was found to be most effective in the extraction of oil. Compared with pure $SCCO_2$ extraction, the extraction yield of oil was observed to increase about 7 times.

수용성 치자 색소의 추출에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Extraction of Soluble Colorants of the Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)

  • Kim, Kwang Soo;Kim, Yeon Joong
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.10-17
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    • 1997
  • The study was performed to obtain the optimum extraction conditions for crocin from gardenia fructus. Generally crocin is unstable on heat, light, acid and base solution. The extraction efficiency of crocin from gardenia depended upon the extraction time, extraction temperature, pH in the extraction bath and the optimum conditions of crocin extraction were determined as 60 minutes of extraction time, 4$0^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature, pH 7 of extraction bath. The molar extinction coefficient of crocin was 12,515 and the color yield of purified crocin was about six times higher than that of non-purified crocin. The heat-stability at extraction temperature and lightstability in irradiation with xenon lamp for one hour of the purified crocin were higher than those of non-purified crocin. Intensity of &{\lambda}_{max}&of crocin was decreased by irradiation for one hour but UV-Vis. spectra of crocin was not changed. The colors of purified and non-purified crocin dissolved wit methanol was evaluated by means of CIE L* a* b* system.

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국내 토양오염 공정시험방법중 중금속 관련 오염평가의 문제점과 개선책 (The controversial points and a remedy on evaluation of heavy metal contamination in standard method for examination of soil in Korea.)

  • 오창환;유연희;이평구;박성원;이영엽
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.63-83
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    • 2001
  • 하천, 고속도로 주변, 광산지역으로부터 채취된 시료를 대상으로 용출법과 산분해법, 완전용해법의 세가지 전처리 방법을 적용하여 중금속을 추출하고 그 결과를 비교하였다. 전처리방법으로 용출법 사용시 중금속 추출량에 비해 산분해법 사용시의 중금속 추출량이 Cu는 2.0∼221배, Pb는 2.4∼2806배, Cd는 1.3∼121배, Fe는 14.1∼1300885배, Mn은 1.2∼272배, Zn은 1.3∼373배, Cr은 2.2∼1735배 높게 나타났다. 용출법에 의한 중금속 추출량과 산분해법에 의한 중금속 추출량간에 특별한 상관관계가 없다. 이에 반해 산분해법 사용시 중금속 추출량과 완전용해법 사용시 중금속 추출량간에는 다소 상관관계가 있을 가능성이 있다. 국내와 국외의 비농경지 및 공장·산업지역 토양오염 기준치를 비교하여 볼 때 중금속(Cd, Cu, Pb)이 상대적으로 적게 추출되는 용출법을 사용하는 국내의 기준치가 중금속이 상대적으로 많이 추출되는 산분해법을 사용하는 외국의 기준치 보다 낮아야 함에도 불구하고 국내의 기준치가 외국보다 대부분 높게 책정되어있다. 개선책으로 용출법을 계속 적용하되 기준치를 낮추거나 아니면 전처리방법을 산분해법으로 바꾸고 기준치를 재조정하는 것이 필요하다.

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붕소 착물 음이온의 이온쌍 추출 (제1보) (Ion-Pair Extraction of Boron Complex Anions (I). Methylene Blue-Tetrafluoroborate Complex)

  • 장호겸;김강진;김시중
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.326-332
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    • 1982
  • 플루오르화수소산 존재하에서 methylene blue의 양이온과 $BF_4^-$, 음이온이 이루는 착물을 1,2-dichloroethane과 nitrobenzene으로 용매추출하여 분광광도법으로 분석하였다. 적외선과 가시선 스펙트럼을 조사하여 이 착물은 1:1 조성비를 가지는 ion-pair로 존재하는 것으로 보이며 1,2-dichlorethane 중에서는 해리하지 않는 것을 알아냈다. 1,2-Dichlorethane에 대해서는 HF의 농도가 1.43${\times}10^{-2}$~ 2.86${\times}10^{-1}$M 범위에서 추출상수가 25$^{\circ}$C에서 1.1${\times}10^4M{-1}$로 일정한 값을 나타내었으며 nitrobenzene에 대하여는 대체로 10배 가량 큰 값을 가지지만 HF농도가 증가함에 약간씩 증가하였다.

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생체 시료 중 카테콜 아민류, 세로토닌 및 대사물질들의 HPLC/ECD 동시 정량분석 (Simultaneous Determination of Catecholamines, Serotonin and Their Metabolites in the Biological Sample Using HPLC/ECD)

  • 민지현;한영희
    • 약학회지
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    • 제55권4호
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    • pp.277-283
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    • 2011
  • Simultaneous monitoring of catecholamines and serotonin with their appropriate extraction from the biological samples is required in order to understand thoroughly the regulation of the central and peripheral nervous system. In the present research the segmented gradient elution with the solid phase extraction using a C18 cartridge rather than the previous isocratic elution with alumina extraction is successfully employed to determine norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) simultaneously within 20 minutes using 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic aicd as the internal standard (IS). Linearities were obtained in the concentration range between $5{\times}10^{-6}M$ and $1{\times}10^{-4}M$ for all 7 compounds with detection limits of 0.6~1.9 ${\mu}M$. The present HPLC/ECD method yielded reasonable accuracy (relative error; -1.4~1.1%) and precision (relative standard deviation; 0.4~1.9%) for 9 measurements of the standard solution consisting of NE, E, DA, 5HT, DOPAC and 5HIAA compounds. Recoveries of catecholamines, serotonin and their metabolites from human serum were in the range of 57%~86%. While the concentrations of NE and 5HT in the serum of normal Sprague-Dawley rat were found as $1.4{\times}10^{-6}M$ and $2.6{\times}10^{-6}M$, respectively, the contents of NE and 5HT in the serum of the stressed rat were increased 5.6 times and 1.4 times more, respectively.

Compositional differences of Bojungikgi-tang decoctions using pressurized or non-pressurized extraction methods with variable extraction times

  • Kim, Jung-Hoon;Seo, Chang-Seob;Kim, Seong-Sil;Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : In other to determine the optimal extraction conditions, the various Bojungikgi-tang (BJIGT) decoctions prepared by different pressure levels and different extraction times were compared and evaluated in terms of the extract yield and the total soluble solid content. Methods : Decoctions were prepared by the pressure levels of 0 (non-pressurized) and 1 $kgf/cm^2$ (pressurized) for 60, 120 and 180 min. The extract yield and the total soluble solids content of decoctions were measured, and the amounts of the reference compounds in decoctions were investigated by the analysis using high performance liquid chromatography. Results : The extract yield and the total soluble solid content were higher in decoctions extracted by the pressurized method than those from decoction with non-pressurized method. The patterns of yield and contents showed a proportional increase to the extraction time. In analysis of the linear regression for four reference compounds such as liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin, the good linearity with the correlation coefficient more than 0.9999 was observed. The highest contents for four reference compounds were observed at 180 min of both the pressurized method and the non-pressurized method. Conclusions : This study suggests that the pressure in extraction method and the extraction time affect the compositional constituents in BJIGT decoctions. The extraction time of 180 min could be chosen in both pressurized and non-pressurized method as optimal extraction condition.

β-Glucan 추출에 미치는 온도, 용매 농도 및 pH의 영향 (Effect of Temperature, Solvent Concentration, and pH on the β-Glucan Extraction)

  • 이상훈;장귀영;김기종;이미자;김태집;이준수;정헌상
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.871-877
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    • 2012
  • 추출조건에 따른 귀리겨 ${\beta}$-glucan의 추출조건을 확립하기 위하여 추출온도($40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$), 추출용매의 에탄올 농도(0~20%) 및 pH(5~9)를 변수로 중심합성계획법으로 설계하여 ${\beta}$-glucan 추출특성을 조사하였다. 추출시간의 증가에 따라 ${\beta}$-glucan의 추출속도는 추출초기에 급격히 증가하였으나, 이후에는 완만하였다. 총괄물질전달계수는 $3.363{\sim}8.552{\times}10^{-6}cm/min$ 범위로 낮은 추출온도에서는 추출용매의 농도가 낮을수록, 높은 추출온도에서는 추출용매의 농도가 높을수록 증가하였지만 pH에 의한 영향은 적은 것으로 나타났다. 추출용매의 pH는 중성일 때보다 산성이나 알칼리성일 때 ${\beta}$-glucan의 추출량이 증가하였다. 추출조건에 따라서 ${\beta}$-glucan 수용액의 점도는 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 총괄물질전달계수가 높을수록 crude ${\beta}$-glucan 수용액의 점도가 높게 나타났으며, 점도, 추출율 및 총괄물질전달계수의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 각각의 요인들이 높은 양의 상관관계(p<0.01)를 나타내었다.

초임계 유체에 의한 당근의 ${\beta}-Carotene$ 추출의 최적화 (Optimization for Extraction of ${\beta}-Carotene$ from Carrot by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide)

  • 김영호;장규섭;박영덕
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.411-416
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    • 1996
  • 초임계 유체를 이용하여 당근(Daucus carrota L.) 중의 ${\beta}-carotene$ (Y)을 추출하는 최적조건을 규명하기 위하여 추출압력(X_1$ 200-300bar), 온도($X_2,\;35-51^{\circ}C$) 및 시간($X_3$ 60-200min)을 선정하고 중심합성에 의한 실험계획을 설정하였다. 선정된 독립인자($X_1,\;X_2,\;X_3$)의 반응표면에 대한 영향을 분석하고 2차 다항 회귀모형식을$Y={\beta}_0+{\beta}_1X_1+{\beta}_2X_2+{\beta}_3X_3+{\beta}_11X_12+{\beta}_22X_3^2+{\beta}_-12X_1X_2+{\beta}_12X_1X_2+{\beta}_13X_1X_3+{\beta}_23X_2X_3$로 하여 linear, quadratic 및 interaction effects를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) ${\beta}-carotene$ 추출의 주요 인자는 압력, 시간, 온도의 순이었으며 이중, 중심점과 압력인자의 선형회귀 효과는 ${\alpha}(2)$가 0.001(99.9%) 수준에서 유의하였으며 그 회귀 계수는 다음과 같다. ${\beta}(0)\;5.83{\times}10^6,\;{\beta}(1)3.67{\times}10^6,\;{\beta}(2)\;1.24{\times}10^6,\;{\beta}(3)1.01{\times}10^6,\;{\beta}(11)\;-1.23{\times}10^6,\;{\beta}(22)-8.19{\times}10^5\;{\beta}(33)\;-9.79{\times}10^5,\;{\beta}(12)3.31{\times}10^5\;{\beta}(33)\;-9.79{\times}10^5,\;{\beta}(12)3.31{\times}10^5\;{\beta}(13)\;5.18{\times}10^5,\;{\beta}(23)9.08{\times}10^5$ 2) 회귀식에 대한 분산분석 결과, 분산비(Fo)가 8.44로 0.05 수준에서 모델에 의해 도출된 결과를 잘 성명할 수 있으며 그 정확도에 대한 결정계수($r^2$)는 0.938로 높았다. 또한 정상점에서 ${\beta}-carotene$의 반응표면을 정준분석한 결과 중속 변량인 ${\beta}-carotene$추출함량이 최대점임을 확인하였다. 3) 최적조건 즉, 압력은 350bar, 온도는 $51^{\circ}C$ 및 시간은 200min의 조건을 동시에 만족하는 관심영역에서의 ${\beta}-carotene$의 최대추출량은 생당근 100g당 10,611 ${\mu}g$으로 예측되었다.

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벌집형 소형 태양열 저장수조의 열저장층 내의 온도변화에 관한 실험적 연구 (An Experimental Study on the Temperature Variation in Heat Storage Zone in the Honeycomb-covered Small Saltless Solar Pond)

  • 박이동;황성일;한동균
    • 태양에너지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 1989
  • This paper dealt with an experiments on temperature vairation in the heat storage zone due to change of vertical location (height) of sink diffuser and flow extraction in small saltless solar pond ($0.5{\times}0.5{\times}1.0M$), and the honeycomb device for this experimental purpose consisted of one-tired, sealed, and air filled by honeycomb panels. As results of experiments, 1) The storage zone was formed under lower region below the honeycomb device. 2) The higher vertical location of sink diffuser was placed, the more mixing phenomenon increased in the pond at steady flow extraction. 3) The more flow extraction increased, the more mixing phenomenon decreased at constant heat exchanger and variable flow extraction.

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