• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2009

Salicornia herbacea is rich in natural minerals, dietary fibers, and potentially health-promoting phenolic compounds. In this paper, an experimental design was applied for the optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from lyophilized Salicornia herbacea powder. The experiments were conducted in accordance with a five-level, three-variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), and the effects of solvent concentration, extraction time, and extraction temperature were evaluated via response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 76.80%; extraction time, 20 min; and extraction temperature, $33.21^{\circ}C$; and the solvent concentration was the most significant parameter in this process, under which the predicted total phenolic content was 49.91 mg GAE/g sample.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.867-871
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• 2009

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of antioxidant capacity in gardenia extracts. The antioxidant capacities of gardenia fruit extracts were investigated by ferric reducing ability (FRA) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (RSA) assays. The optimum extraction parameters for the strongest antioxidant capacity were the ethanol concentration (EtOH) of 48.9%, extraction temperature of $72.9^{\circ}C$, and extraction time of 29.9 min. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the quadratics of EtOH and extraction temperature had highly significant effect on the antioxidant capacity (p<0.001). The antioxidant capacity was correlated with contents of bioactive components [crocin, geniposide, and total phenolic (TP) compounds] in gardenia extracts and mainly attributed to the content of the TP compounds.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.256-266
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• 2017

This study was designed to optimize ethanol extraction process of unfertilized corn silk (UCS) to maximize phytochemical contents and bioactivities. The response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was employed to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The influence of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time on total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activities and tyrosinase inhibition were analyzed. For all dependable variables, the most significant factor was ethanol concentration followed by extraction temperature and extraction time. The following optimum conditions were determined by simultaneous optimization of several responses with the Derringer's desirability function using the numerical optimization function of the Design-Expert program: ethanol concentration 80.45%, extraction temperature $53.49^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 4.95 h. Under these conditions, the predicted values of total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibition were $2758.74{\mu}g\;GAE/g$ dried sample, $1520.81{\mu}g\;QUE/g$ dried sample, 810.26 mg/100g dried sample, 56.86% and 43.49%, respectively, and the overall desirability (D) was 0.74.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1363-1372
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• 2023

This study is concerned with the optimization of the manufacturing process of a hot water extract containing antioxidant activity from Lycium barbarum, traditionally known to have various physiological activities. For the establishment of the optimization process, the central composite design of response surface methodology(RSM) was used. Thirteen extraction processes were performed by encoding the independent variables, extraction temperature (65.9℃-94.1℃) and extraction time (2.59 hr-5.41 hr). As a result of the experiment, the optimal manufacturing conditions for the extract were 340.0 mg/100 g of GAE at an extraction temperature of 94.1℃ and an extraction time of 5 hr. The maximum yield of flavonoids was 22.44 mg/100 g of HES at an extraction temperature of 94.1℃ and an extraction time of 4 hr. The conditions for producing the extract with the maximum antioxidant capacity (DPPH 92.12%) were 90℃ and 4.5 hr extraction time. Therefore, the optimal manufacturing process conditions for extracts containing total phenol content, flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, which are dependent variables, were extraction temperature of 90-95℃ and extraction time of 4 hr, which were not significantly different from the actual values. Therefore, Lycium barbarum extract rich in total phenol and flavonoid content related to antioxidant function is expected to be used as a functional food and cosmetic material.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 2010

For the biodiesel fuel production from microalgae, the lipid from wet and dry samples of green algae Scenedesmus sp. was extracted by using various solvents and pre-treatment methods. Extraction yield of the lyophilized sample was better than that of dry sample. Chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) and ultrasonication or homogenization method were also selected as the most effective solvent and pre-treatment methods for lipid extraction, respectively. Under these constraint conditions, optimization experiment of lipid extraction was investigated by Taguchi approach using orthogonal matrix $L_9$ ($3^4$) method. The optimum extraction conditions of lipid extraction was obtained at pre-treatment of homogenization, extraction time of 5 hour, temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, and solvent ratio of 1:20 (w/v). Yield of extraction at optimized condition was 20.55% and it was 96% of total lipid content (21.38%) of Scenedesmus sp.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2016

Background: Extraction conditions greatly affect composition, as well as biological activity. Therefore, optimization is essential for maximum efficacy. Methods: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) was extracted under different conditions and antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content evaluated. Optimized extraction conditions were suggested using response surface methodology for maximum antioxidant activity and extraction yield. Results: Analysis of KRG extraction conditions using response surface methodology showed a good fit of experimental data as demonstrated by regression analysis. Among extraction factors, such as extraction solvent and extraction time and temperature, ethanol concentration greatly affected antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content. The optimal conditions for maximum antioxidant activity and extraction yield were an ethanol concentration of 48.8%, an extraction time 73.3 min, and an extraction temperature of $90^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activity and extraction yield under optimal conditions were 43.7% and 23.2% of dried KRG, respectively. Conclusion: Ethanol concentration is an important extraction factor for KRG antioxidant activity and extraction yield. Optimized extraction conditions provide useful economic advantages in KRG development for functional products.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2018

Torilin is a major sesquiterpene of Torilis japonica (Umbelliferae) fruits and known to be a melanogenesis inhibitor. Extraction conditions are important factor for the efficient preparation to save cost and time in economic aspects. For this reason, this study was conducted to optimize the extraction condition for maximal yield of torilin. For optimization, extraction factors such as extraction solvent, extraction temperature and sample/solvent ratio were tested and optimized for maximum yield of torilin using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal condition was obtained as a EtOAc concentration in MeOH of 31.8%, an extraction temperature at $30.3^{\circ}C$ and a sample/solvent ratio, 1000 mg/2 ml. The torilin yield under optimal conditions was found to be 9.9 mg/g dried samples, which were well-matched with the predicted value of 10.4 mg/g dried samples. These results will provide useful information about optimized extraction conditions for the development of torilin as cosmetic therapeutics to reduce skin hyperpigmentation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2023

We optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from the microalgae Acutodesmus reginae. To optimize this extraction process, we investigated the effects of solvent type, solvent concentration, extraction time, extraction number, and extraction power on the production of lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, and chlorophylls a, and b. After sequential optimization of these main variables, the maximum amount of each compound was extracted at 30℃ with an ultrasound power of 80 W and using 99.5% methanol. Under these optimum conditions, the amount of lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, and chlorophylls a, and b, were measured as 10.43, 8.66, 3.76, 15.43, and 6.39 mg/g dry matter respectively.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2011

Optimization study of the hot water extraction for enhancing antioxidative activity from Auricularia auricula was performed by Taguchi approach using orthogonal matrix $L_9(3^4)$ method. The correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and the components of samples extracted from different extraction conditions were also analyzed. The correlation coefficient between DPPH radical scavenging activity and melanin content of A. auricula were 0.93, indicating 'good correlation'. The optimum extraction conditions was obtained at the extraction time of 1 hr. temperature of $85^{\circ}C$, solid: water ratio of 1: 40(w/v) and frequency of 2 times. Under these conditions, values of maximum DPPH free radical scavenging activity and melanin contents of A. auricula were $67.21{\pm}2.17$ and $52.94{\pm}2.10 mg/g$, respectively. Melanin content of 1.6 times and DPPH free radical scavenging effect of 130% were enhanced by optimization.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2021

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions, including extraction time, extraction temperature, and ethanol concentration, were optimized to increase the total flavonoid content (TFC), tyrosinase inhibitory activity (TIA), and collagenase inhibitory activity (CIA) of Spirulina platensis through central composite design (CCD). For the optimization of the three dependent variables, a quadratic regression model was derived from 17 experimental sets for the simultaneous maximization of TFC, TIA, and CIA. The predicted optimal UAE conditions were 44.0 min of extraction time, 82.8℃ of extraction temperature, and 96.0% of ethanol concentration. Under these conditions, 0.93 mg QE/g DM of TFC, 81.9% of CIA, and 92.1% of TIA were predicted. The CCD-based UAE optimization enabled an increase in TFC, CIA, and TIA, thereby confirming that the S. platensis extract can be used in the development of a cosmetic material with skin whitening and anti-wrinkle effects.