• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2016

Background: Extraction conditions greatly affect composition, as well as biological activity. Therefore, optimization is essential for maximum efficacy. Methods: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) was extracted under different conditions and antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content evaluated. Optimized extraction conditions were suggested using response surface methodology for maximum antioxidant activity and extraction yield. Results: Analysis of KRG extraction conditions using response surface methodology showed a good fit of experimental data as demonstrated by regression analysis. Among extraction factors, such as extraction solvent and extraction time and temperature, ethanol concentration greatly affected antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content. The optimal conditions for maximum antioxidant activity and extraction yield were an ethanol concentration of 48.8%, an extraction time 73.3 min, and an extraction temperature of $90^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activity and extraction yield under optimal conditions were 43.7% and 23.2% of dried KRG, respectively. Conclusion: Ethanol concentration is an important extraction factor for KRG antioxidant activity and extraction yield. Optimized extraction conditions provide useful economic advantages in KRG development for functional products.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the differences between decoctions extracted by different extraction conditions. Methods : Two different decoctions were prepared with pressured or non-pressured extraction conditions for 60, 120 and 180min. The yields of extracts, sugar contents, hydrogen ion concentrations(pH), the contents of reference compounds and individual preferences on Ssanghwa-tang(Shuanghe-tang) were investigated. Results : As extraction time increased, individual preferences for decoctions by pressured extraction tended to increase more than those by non-pressured extraction, and the yields and sugar contents of both decoctions showed the tendency of increase. The pH values of decoctions in pressured conditions were lower than those in non-pressured conditions in all extraction times and both extraction conditions showed decreasing pH values according to increase of extraction times. Of the reference compounds, paeoniflorin showed higher contents in non-pressured conditions than in pressured conditions and the contents of cinnamaldehyde were always lower in non-pressured conditions than in pressured conditions at all time. Conclusions : The decoctions of Ssanghwa-tang(Shuanghe-tang) extracted by pressured or non-pressured extraction for 60, 120, 180min exhibited different individual preferences, yields of extracts, sugar contents, pH, reference compounds contents.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.263-270
• /
• 2016

Background: In this study, microwave extraction was used, which is an effective method to extract useful bioactive substances as it requires low quantities of solvent and short time periods. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Methods and Results: The independent variables were ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time, each of which had five levels. The dependent variables were total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. To determine the optimal extraction conditions for bioactive compounds, a response surface methodology was employed. Contour maps were generated from polynomial equations. The optimal conditions were then assumed by superimposing these contour maps. Based on the resulting graph, the optimal microwave extraction conditions for Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb were determined as 42 - 48% ethanol concentration, 240 - 280W microwave power, and 13 - 20 min of extraction time. Conclusions: Ethanol concentration had a significant effect on microwave extraction, in terms of total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity. Microwave power and extraction time influenced the total polyphenol content, but not the total flavonoid content or the DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Integrative Medicine Research
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.388-394
• /
• 2017

Background: The present study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize extraction yields of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice. Methods: The optimal extraction temperature ($X_1$), extraction time ($X_2$), and methanol concentration ($X_3$) were identified using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the optimal processing parameters. Results: Statistical analyses revealed that three variables and the quadratic of $X_1$, $X_2$, and $X_3$ had significant effects on the yields and were followed by significant interaction effects between the variables of $X_2$ and $X_3$ (p<0.01). A 3D response surface plot and contour plots derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, $69^{\circ}C$; extraction time, 34?min; and methanol concentration, 57%. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of glycyrrhizic acid was 3.414%, which agreed closely with the predicted value (3.406%). Conclusion: The experimental values agreed with those predicted by RSM models, thus indicating the suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.321-326
• /
• 2008

In order to improve the market competitiveness of the processed products of Undaria pinnatifida, various extraction conditions of Undaria pinnatifida were examined to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of its valuable components. The highest level of alginic acid content was detected after 90 min of typical extraction or after 20 min of pressure extraction, after which the levels decreased slightly. The concentrations of reducing sugar and crude protein were also high after 90 min of typical extraction. Both alginic acid and reducing sugar were extracted in greater amounts using pressure extraction. The reducing sugar content was $2.8{\sim}3.2$ times higher using pressure extraction rather than typical extraction. Furthermore, the extraction results were superior with the, pressure extraction method. The appropriate temperature and duration of extraction were found to be $120^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The use of a single enzyme yielded better results during extraction compared to the use of a mixture of enzymes. 20 min of pressure extraction followed by the addition of 0.1% pectinase and 2 hr of further extraction at $50^{\circ}C$ yielded high contents of alginic acid and reducing sugar from Undaria pinnatifida.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.337-342
• /
• 2009

The extraction conditions for the production of red ginseng polysaccharide were proposed. The crude fiber content of red ginseng marc (RGM) (15.3%) was much higher than that of white ginseng (WG) (2.1%) and red ginseng (RG) (0.5%). Thus, RGM was selected as the raw material for polysaccharide production. The correlation between the particle size of RGM and the polysaccharide extraction was investigated with a correlation analysis using the SPSS package. The two parameters were found to have a significant correlation (p<0.01). The polysaccharide extraction increased as the particle size of RGM decreased. The optimal concentration of RGM was 6.66% (w/v). The extraction yield increased as both the extraction temperature and the extraction time increased. Finally, the extraction temperature and time were selected as $85^{\circ}C$ and 5 hrs, respectively. Consequently, the extraction conditions for polysaccharide production were optimized and statistically confirmed.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.238-243
• /
• 2013

Astaxanthin is one of the carotenoid with strong antioxidant. The conditions of extraction of astaxanthin from Portunus trituberculatus were optimized in this work. Six factors of conditions such as, extraction method, extraction solvent, ratio of solvent to raw material, temperature, and time, were investigated. For the increase of the extraction yield, ionic liquids were used as additives in the extraction solvent. The optimum extraction conditions were found: heat reflux extraction, Dichloromethane/methanol (25:75, v/v) as solvent, 1:30 of the ratio of solvent raw material, $80^{\circ}C$, 90 min, and ionic liquid as additive. As a result, 45.81 ${\mu}g/g$ of astaxanthin was extracted from waste.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.228-236
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 치아씨의 항산화 활성을 증가시키기 위하여 추출용매 종류와 용매농도, 추출시간과 추출온도를 달리하여 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 후 반응표면분석을 이용하여 최적조건을 수립하였다. 치아씨 추출조건은 에탄올과 메탄올용매 모두에서 추출용매 60%, 추출시간 130분과 추출온도 $20^{\circ}C$에서 총 폴리페놀 871.00mg%($R^2=0.9507$), 557.70mg%($R^2=0.9784$)로 가장 함량이 많았고, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 72.14%($R^2=0.9675$), 52.79%($R^2=0.9524$)의 항산화력을 보였다. 용매종류에서는 에탄올 추출용매가 메탄올 추출용매보다 같은 조건에서는 월등히 높은 항산화력을 보여 에탄올이 치아씨 추출용매로 더 우수한 용매로 선정되었다. 또한 반응표면분석 결과, 용매추출 조건에서는 에탄올 용매에서는 용매추출 시간이나 온도보다는 용매농도에 가장 큰 영향을 받았고, 메탄올 추출조건에서는 용매추출 시간에서 가장 큰 영향력을 주었다. 반응표면분석 후 용매 농도, 시간과 온도의 최적 추출조건의 범위는 에탄올 추출조건은 에탄올농도 63%, 추출시간 100분과 추출온도 $18^{\circ}C$가 최적조건이고, 메탄올 추출조건에서는 추출농도 65%, 추출시간 120분과 추출온도 $16^{\circ}C$를 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.409-416
• /
• 1999

Microwave extraction system equipped with closed vessels was applied to confirm its capability of extracting ginseng solubles including saponin, which was monitored to optimize extraction con ditions by response surface methodology. Total yield increased with the decrease in particles size and more extraction steps. Soluble components were completely extracted by operating the system within 6 min per one step, which should be repeated by 3 or 4 times. Optimized conditions for maxi mum extraction of response variables(total yield, crude saponin) were 40~50% of ethanol concentration, about 140oC of extraction temperature, and within 6 min of the extraction time. The extraction effi ciency of total yield was dependent on the decrease of ethanol concentration, while crude saponin content was favored on the higher degree of ethanol concentration. According to the temperature guideline, below 90oC of extraction temperature, the optimal ranges of extraction conditions were predicted as 30~50% of ethanol concentration and 2.5~6.5 min of extraction time. Estimated values of total yield and crude saponin were in good agreement with experimental values.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.368-373
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 쌍화차의 품질 향상과 수율 증대를 위해 쌍화 추출물의 최적 추출조건을 설정하고, 설정된 조건으로 추출한 쌍화 추출물의 품질 특성의 차이를 확인하여 다류 제조에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 추출조건에 따른 쌍화 추출물의 수율은 추출온도 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 추출용매의 주정농도가 50%일 때 그 수율이 가장 높았으며, 추출용매의 주정농도가 올라갈수록 추출 수율이 높게 나타났다. 추출온도 8$0^{\circ}C$와 9$0^{\circ}C$일 때 추출용매의 주정농도가 30%이상에서는 용매의 주정농도가 높아져도 수율의 증가가 둔화되는 경향을 보였는데, 주정농도가 높아질수록 생산원가가 높아져 제품의 경제성을 감안할 때 추출온도를 8$0^{\circ}C$이상으로 높일 경우 주정농도는 30%가 적정한 것으로 판단된다. 쌍화 추출물의 고형분의 함량은 추출온도가 올라 갈수록, 주정농도가 높을수록 대체로 고형분의 함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 유기산의 산도는 추출온도 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$에서 주정농도 50%일 때 각각 1.28%, 1.27%로 가장 높았으며, 주정함량의 증가에 따라 산도도 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 온도증가에는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났지만 온도가 더욱 높아진 80∼9$0^{\circ}C$에서는 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$에서 나타난 현상과는 달리 산도가 증감을 반복하여 주정농도와 추출온도에 따른 변화는 일정하지 않았다. 추출물의 pH는 산도에서 나타났던 결과와는 반대의 경향을 보였는데, 이는 유기산 산도에 의한 pH 저하 현상으로 볼 수 있다. 쌍화 추출물의 물 불용성 침전물은 추출온도와 주정농도가 높을수록 물 불용성 침전물의 양이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 주정농도가 30%이상에서 물 불용성 침전물의 양이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이 물질의 과다 발생은 품질과 수율 저하를 발생시킨다. 주정농도가 30%일 때 물 불용성 침전물이 추출온도 8$0^{\circ}C$ 및 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 각각 1.64%, 1.69%로 주정농도 30%이하에서 나타난 수치와 크게 차이가 없으므로 주정농도는 30%가 적정하다고 볼 수 있다. 비중은 추출온도와 주정농도와 관계없이 추출조건별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과에서와 같이 쌍화추출물의 추출조건은 추출온도를 9$0^{\circ}C$로 하여 추출용매의 주정농도를 30%로 설정하는 것이 적정한 것으로 판단되었다.