• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2003

Sokmyeungtang was the representative prescription for Apoplexy under the rule of Tang and Song dynasty of which the cultures were thriving in the history of China. However, the clinical use of Sokmyeungtang has been gradually reduced since Geumwon dynasty of China because it was misunderstood that the dryness heat drugs of pungent in flavor and warm in property such as Ephedra, Pubescent Angelica Root, Chinese Cassia Tree-Bark, Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root, Prepared Aconite Root, Fresh Ginger, and Wildginger Herb included in the presciption for Apoplexy supplemented heat as damaging Yin flood. In fact, the drugs pungent in flavor and warm in property activate exterior and interior circulation, circulate channels and collaterals, promote blood circulation, and remove blood stasis with the side effect of relieving exterior syndrome with drugs warming channels. When treating Apoplexy with Sokmyeungtang, the cold drugs such as Gypsum, Baikai Skullcap Root, and Pueraria Root are prescribed to suppress fire of pungent dryness and to control excessive heat of people with Apoplexy as reducing the effects of hot drugs causing impairment of Yin. For treatment of Apoplexy, the above drugs accelerate blood and Qi circulation in channels and collaterals and then in necrotic tissue of human body as removing blood stasis. Consequently, these drugs improve disorders of capillary tube circulation. If Sokmyeungtang, an old prescription, is properly understood, it will be substantially helpful to all kinds of treatments in clinical cases

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This research was proposed to find out how the recognition on Mangeum-syndrome(亡陰證) of Soyangin in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) evolved from "Donguisusebowon-GabObon(東醫壽世保元甲午本)"(DGO) to "Donguisusebowon-ShinChukbon(東醫壽世保元辛丑本)"(DSC). 2. Methods: We compared "Donguisusebowon-GabObon(東醫壽世保元甲午本)"(DGO) with "Donguisusebowon-ShinChukbon(東醫壽世保元辛丑本)"(DSC) to know how the symptom, mechanism, treatment principle and treatment methods on Mangeum-syndrome(亡陰證) of Soyangin in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). 3. Results and Conclusions: (1) The way to categorize the Exterior Disease and Interior Disease was different between DSC and DGO. (2) There was only a fundamental mechanism about the Boktongseolsa-syndrome(gastralgia and diarrhea) and no treatment principles and treatment methods about it in DGO. But the Boktongseolsa-syndrome was evolved into Mangeum-syndrome(亡陰證) in DSC with a detailed mechanism and treatment principles of it. (3) The evolution of Mangeum-syndrome(亡陰證) in DSC from Boktongseolsa-syndrome in DGO was attributed to the experience of treatment on Seomeo-syndrome(譫語證).

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2010

The spice phenomenon therapy is to adhibit aromatic herbs or materials to the human body or clothing, for the purpose of preventing and treating diseases. Mankind found the fire, and found that some plants and trees give off smoke when they are burning. Then, they found that some of aromatic substances had certain actions after being absorbed through the respiratory organ, which was the beginning of the spice phenomenon therapy. The spice phenomenon therapy is effective to relieve the exterior syndrome, to eliminate dampness, to regulate Qi flow, and to induce resuscitation. It has two actions. One is that the aromas that permeated the body, refreshes the mind, stimulates the appetite, strengthens the spleen and the stomach, and makes a relaxing sleep. The other is that the aromatic substances, absorbed into the human body, have pharmacological actions. The volatile aromatic substances have various pharmacological actions such as stimulating cranial nerves, dilating cardiac blood vessels, promoting gastric secretion, relaxing and sleep-inducing. It has been proved that the spice phenomenon therapy is anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial and is effective to dilate cerebral blood vessels and to ease the pain. It is expected to be studied more aggressively.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

1. Background: GalgeunNabokja-Tang(葛根蘿葍子湯) is suggested as treatment and prescription of Exterior Heat syndrome Diarrhea(表熱證泄瀉) in Donguisusebowon Tae-eumin Interior febrile disease induced form the liver affected by heat("東醫壽世保元" "太陰人肝受熱裏熱病論"), but is not recorded the treatment contents in Sinjungbang("新定太陰人病應用要藥二十四方"). 2. Methods: Accordingly, the writer surveyed, compared, and arranged the relevant contents by collecting books of doctors of Four-Constitutional Medicine(四象醫) since Lee Je-ma including Lee Je-ma's books. 3. Results: and Conclusions: 1) The treatment contents in GalgeunNabokja-Tang are thought to be valid to have the criterion as the contents of appearing in SanggyohyuntoDonguisusebowon Boyubang("詳校懸吐東醫壽世保元" "補遺方"). 2) The origin in GalgeunNabokja-Tang is GalgeunNabokja-Tang in Bimang-lok("備忘錄"). And the period of having made treatment for the first time may be estimated to be the one between Donguisuse- bowonSasangchobonguan("東醫壽世保元四象草本卷") and HamsansachonDonguisusebowonGabogubon ("咸山沙村東醫壽世保元甲午舊本"). 3) GalgeunNabokja-Tang is thought to be probably what Han Du-jeong recorded in Boyubang by searching for what Lee Je-ma modified some of GalgeunNabokja-Tang in Bimang-lok while writing Pathological Syndromes("病證論") in Donguisusebowon("東醫壽世保元").

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2009

The results of analyzing "Shanghanlun-Shanghan examples" of Song Dynasty Text and Liuwansu's writings in the pursuit of comprehending his views written in "Fire-Heat" & "Warm disease" -are as follow. 1.He introduced Exterior-Interior Shanghan and Latent in the Winter & recurrent in the Spring Shanghan concept in the Febrile disease pathology as the link and the bifurcation point. His perception on Febrile disease encompassed Shanghan and Febrile disease on the same plane but actually discriminated in the treatment and medication between the two actually. 2.He suggested Febrile disease pathology in the concept of Shanghan and Febrile disease, which is coherent in the formation of interior heat as the result of the invasion of the lung by warm pathogen described in Warm disease Wei, Qi, Ying and Xue Fen Syndrome differentiation. He expanded the concept of esoteric portal 玄府 of "Suwon Tiaojinglun", to that of the omni-present portal & way of Qi's all directions movement, which is in accordance of invasion of upper energizer 上焦 by warm or hot pathogen via mouth and nose as used in Warm disease three-energizer differentiation. 3.He recognized both exterior-interior febrile disease in the context of both exterior-interior contact cause disease. He prescribed pungent-cool exterior releasing medicinal similar to that of exterior-releasing treatment adopted in warm disease. As lily-talc powder百合散 introduced in "Golden chamber synopsis" dispells heat by promoting excretion of urine and defecation, it is regarded as the original formula of later ikwonsan yiyuansan 益元散.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 2010

Greater yang disease(太陽病) is a syndrome induced by peripheral obstruction. One of them is "wind stroke(中風)" with the obstruction in lymphatic system. The other obstruction appearing on circulatory system is called "cold damage(傷寒)." Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is the formula prescribed for greater yang wind stroke pattern(太陽中風證) which is caused by peripheral lymphatic duct obstruction. Ramulus Cinamoni acts as a vasodilator and Radix Paeoniae relieves the abdominal tension. They make blood move to the internal organ and this can remove the retention of peripheral lymphatic system. Covering the patient with a blanket and getting him/her to have hot and thin rice gruel causes slight Diaphoresis, contributing to relieving the retention of lymphatic system. Disharmony between nutrient and defense(營衛不和) means that pressure becomes different between lymphatic system and vascular system. Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is called releasing muscles formula(解肌劑) because it can resolve such pressure difference. Diaphoresis is not a means to eliminate pathogenic qi(邪氣) from the body. That is the syndrome proving that the body fluid has moved around when disordered fluid distribution is corrected. Therefore, diaphoresis should be induced weakly all the time. If diaphoresis is induced excessively, body fluid will move more than desired and then illness cannot be cured. In Sanghanlun(傷寒論), dispersing drugs aim at addressing the retention in the exterior field, but it actually applies to the entire exterior and interior to make body fluid move. Therefore, diaphoresis does not just act on exterior field, and freeing the stool does not only apply to interior field. Distribution of body fluid changed by pathogenic qi(邪氣) influences the whole body because the human body has a closed circulatory system. Sanghanlun(傷寒論) has included treatments for pathogenic disease. However, its value should not be limited to pathogenic disease. It is because controlling blood flow by sending body fluid to the place a doctor wants is certainly worth using for treatment of non-exogenous disease or chronic illnesses.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to make an analysis of clinical characteristics and status of Sasang constitutional medicine of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who visited a Korean medicine hospital. Methods We studied 287 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who visited a Korean medicine hospital from March 1, 2010 to February 30, 2012. We retrospectively collected medical history and characteristics of subjects using data of EMR (electronic medical record). Results The proportion of female was higher than male. Most patients was suffered from chronic gastrointestinal disorder. And they were not under western medicine treatment. Among the 287 patients, 139 persons (48.43%) were Soyangin, 88 persons (30.66%) Taeeumin and 60 persons Soeumin (20.91%). The proportion of Soyangin was higher than other Sasang types. In the distribution of prescription according Sasang Constitutional Medicine symptomatology, the proportion of exterior disease's prescription was higher than interior disease in Soyangin (93.53%). And the proportion of interior disease's prescription was higher than exterior disease in Taeeumin (75.86%) and Soeumin (95.00%). The majority of disease were Gyolhyung-symptom (51.54%) and Mangeum-syndrome (46.15%) of exterior disease in Soyangin, Dry-febrile symptom (73.56%) of interior disease in Taeeumin, and Taeeum-syndrome (95.00%) of interior disease in Soeumin. Conclusions By analyzing on clinical characteristics and distribution of Sasang Constitutional Medicine symptomatology could contribute to the development of guideline for treatment of gastrointestinal disease of Sasang Constitutional Medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2014

Objectives : The Syndromes of Daecheongryongtang (大靑龍湯證) and Mahwangtang (麻黃湯證) are similar in pathogenesis. However, both syndromes have a different pathogenesis. So we will try to distinguish the difference between the two syndromes. In addition, we'll see about 40 provision. Methods : Examine the claims of the syndrome of Daecheongryongtang in "Sang Han Lon" (傷寒論). The scholar's claims are not all same. Thus, we analysis the claims of many scholars. Results and Conclusions : The Syndromes of Daecheongryongtang and Mahwangtang are similar in pathogenesis. However, the Syndrome of Daecheongryongtang is different from that the sweat purgations in exterior of the body caused by heat in the interior. The pathogenesis of 39 and 40 provisions are different. 40 provision is more severe symptoms than 39 provision in the stagnation. So 40 provision used the term "fazhi (發之)".

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.503-513
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• 2011

1. Objective This study aimed to find out the epidemiologic characteristics of constitutional disease syndromes at a hospital of Oriental medicine in Seoul. 2. Methods The medical records of 1354 subjects who have received prescriptions and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January 2008 to December 2009 at a hospital of Oriental medicine were reviewed. General factors and the frequency of the prescriptions according to Sasang constitution were compared and analyzed. 3. Results 1) Among the 1354 subjects, 562(41.5%) persons were males and 792(58.5%) females. 614(45.3%) persons were Soeumin, 369(27.3%) Soyangin, 364(26.9%) Taeumin, and 7(0.5%) Taeyangin. 2) The frequencies of the prescriptions of 14 constitutional disease syndromes were compared. Taeum Syndrome, Esophagus Cold Syndrome and Yin Deficiency Tidal fever Syndrome show the high frequencies among 14 disease syndromes. Chest Heat Syndrome, Deficiency of Yin and Blood syndrome and Soeum Syndrome show the low frequencies among 14 disease syndromes. Interior disease(63.4%) was higher than exterior disease(36.6%) and mild disease(61.8%) was higher than severe disease(38.2%). 3) Among all constitutional prescriptions, Jowyiseungchung-tang was the most common and next rankings were Gupoong-tang and Dokhwaljihwang-tang in turns. 4. Conclusions From all these considerations, it would seem that Taeum Syndrome in Soeumin, Esophagus Cold Syndrome in Taeumin and Yin Deficiency Tidal fever Syndrome in Soyangin show the high frequencies in a hospital of Oriental medicine in Seoul. Large-scale epidemiologic study in Sasang constitutional medicine may be needed on various ways and places.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-94
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• 1996

The main purpose of this work is comparing the difference between Soumin Bojungyikgitang of constitutional medicine and Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang Bojungyikgitang, the prescription originated from the Pi-Wei theory(脾胃論) of Li Dongyuan who was a medical man in the Jin Yuan dynasty, had been used widely for many kinds of disease caused by the singking of the qi of middle energizer due to the weakness of the spleen and stomach. But in the singking of the qi of middle energizer due to the weakness of the spleen and stomach. But in the end of Choseon dynasty Li Je Ma, the creator of the constitutional medicine, modified the Bojungyikgitang and applied to Soumin's disease. In this paper, the difference between the two prescription were investigated from the viewpoint of chinese herb pharmacology and purpose of prescription. Additionally the problems which could be brought out by applying Bojungyikgitang to the Soyangin and the Taeumin were studied. And the conclusion could be summarized as follows: 1. The prescription of the Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang is based on the deficiency of vital energy due to internal damage and the Soumin Bojungyikgitang is useful to only a certain stage of progressing disease on the basis of Shanghanlun(傷寒論). 2. In the Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang, Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix were used for emphasizing the ascending action and have the antipyretic action and the effect of elavating of yangqi as they are bitter in taste and cold in nature. 3. In the Soumin Bojungyikgitang, Pogostemonis Herba and Perillae Folium have the ascending-descending action and strengthen the stomach with the effect of mild sweating by pungent taste and warm nature. 4. The effect of elavating of yangqi in the Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang offers the pathway where vital qi go up by eleminating the pathogenic fire with the action of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix in the triple energizer and yangming muscular striae. On the other hand, the Soumin Bojungyikgitang depends on the effect of reinforcing qi and elavating yangqi by Astrgalli Radix entirely and supply vital qi by reinforcing yangqi with Ginseng Rsdix. 5. The exahausion of yin(亡陰證) in the Soyangin exterior syndrome and cold limbs(寒厥證) in Taeumin exterior syndrome are similar to the indication of Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang. As the causes of the disease are fundamentally different in the view of constitutional medicine, the diseases could be aggravated by applying Li's Bojungyikgitang. These results suggest that Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang is proper to the exterior syndrome of Soumin and Soumin Bojungyikgitang seems to be appropriate to the Soumin's disease.