• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.139-144
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze concrete characteristics by admixing agent and additive contents according to the change of unit-water to identify its effect on compressive strength. First of all, as for flesh concrete, overall unit-water showed a tendency to decrease as component inclusion rate of admixing agent was increased. In addition, air content showed a tendency to increase by increasing WR, WB, NP series admixing agent contents, on the other hand, the change of air content was gentle by around $1.5{\pm}0.5%$ for S, T, M series agents. Bulk density showed an inverse proportion to the change of air content. As for hardened concrete, expression rate of 3-day age compressive strength was generally decreased for S, T, WR, WB, NP, M series admixing agent component. Also, expression rate of 7-day age compressive strength showed an excellent record for S, M series agents, and expression rate of 28-day age compressive strength showed a tendency to increase more than plain on the whole.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

Current architecture can receive support of and command various ways of expression by more advanced technology of the present time, this means the formation of changeable external design of building, and has the tendency to be interactive non-rheological shape. Accordingly surface of building is decorated not only by the basic function and the expression of information, but also by complex narrative image structure or text, so far as recognizes human as the subject of communication, and is trying the artistic expression interacting with the general public. In various expressive tendency of current architecture surface design, such an approach from a view of an interactive art trying the communication between architecture, art, and human has the meaning of suggesting the direction of directing emotional architecture giving a present to the morderners who are growing more and more an earnest desire for experiencing culture and art in their daily life.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.270-279
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among anger expression mode, depression and aggression in vocational high school students and to preview a method to help adolescents who have the tendency of anger, depression or aggression tendency in community mental health situation. Method: In order to get the data by self-reporting questionnaire, 372 subjects were selected from Oct. 1, 2006 to Dec. 18, 2006. The instruments for this study were Spielberger's Anger Expression Scale, Beck's Depression Scale, and Buss & Durkee's Aggression Scale. The dada was analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS 12.0 program. Result: There were significantly positive correlations between anger-in and depression, and between anger-in and aggression. Also there were significantly positive correlations between anger-out and depression, and between anger-out and aggression. There was a significantly positive correlation between depression and aggression. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a strategy to decrease depression and aggression, and to increase positive anger expression mode for vocational high school students.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.270-282
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• 2002

This study was established to understand how Arte Povera has affected the contemporary fashion based on the analyses of its characteristics and may provide a prospective view to predict style of future fashions. The results were as follows : 1) “The poverty” shows such characteristics as patch work, intentional mismatch, and tendency to prefer slightly used style. This meaning can be explained as direct expression from a sense of alienation, against to consumer economy, and dual-expression between poverty and wealth. 2) “Anti-formativeness” can be described for misinterpretations of creation, arrangement, and informal silhouette due to distortion of the human body. This expression includes such meanings as against to traditionalism, ignorance of rationality, and disorganization of the concepts between the beauty and the ugly. 3) “Naturalism” indicates as characteristics of use of natural materials and primitive expression. This expression could be generated from adaptation to the nature and desire toward uncivilized society due to skepticism about modern society. 4) “Symbolism” shows such expressions as an isolated feeling from society, and metaphoric sense from specific situations because there are too many applications of imported materials. This tendency can be also explained with the creations of spaces for opened concepts through disorganizations of territory, obscurity, and irregularity.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.4
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• pp.64-69
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• 1995

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Objectives : The effect of mixture extracted from Bupleuri Radix and Physalidis Herba(BR+RH) on the LPS-induced Depression in rats was investigated. Methods : Rats were administered intragastrically BR+PH after injectio of LPS to induce deprssion. Immobility was examined using Tail Suspension Test(TST), Forced Swimming Test(FST). The level of plasma corticosterone was measured by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) method. The expressions of c-Fos, Corticotropin Releasing Factor(CRF), NADPH-d in the Paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and TH in the Locus coeruleus(LC) were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results : In the effect of BR + PH on TST, immobility was significantly decreased comparing with the LPS group. In FST, immobility was shown decrease tendency in the BR+PH group. The expression of c-Fos in the PVN was significantly decreased at BR + PH400 group, comparing with the LPS group. The expression of CRF in PVN was shown dto have the decrease tendency in the BR+PH group, comparing with the LPS group. The expression of NADPH-d in PVN was not significantly decreased at BR+PH groups, comparing with the LPS group. The expression of TH in the LC was shown to have the decrease tendency at BR + RH groups, but not significantly, comparing with the LPS group. Conclusions : Anti-depressant effect of mixture after extracted from Bupleuri Radix and Physalidis Herba was through the anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of HPA axis. NO and catecholamine system is not involved.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Cheunggihwadamhwan (CGHDH) extract on lowering lipid, antioxidation and production of proinflammatory cytokines in rats fed on high fat diet. Methods 40 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on high fat diet for 8 weeks and 32 rats (above 400 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 mice in each group) : control group, 100 mg/Kg CGHDH group, 200 mg/Kg CGHDH group, 300 mg/Kg CGHDH group. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And We fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Cheunggihwadamhwan extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid in plasma and liver, concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidative activity and gene expression. The gene expression level was investigated by the way of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results 1. Concentration of plasma FFA, plasma TG, plasma total cholesterol and plasma LDL-cholesterol showed a significant decrement in Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. However, concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol showed a significant increment in 200, 300 mg/kg Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. 2. Concentration of liver total cholesterol and liver TG showed a significant decrement in Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. 3. Concentration of plasma TBARS showed a significant decrement in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. Concentration of liver TBARS showed a significant decrement in 200, 300 mg/kg Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. Concentration of liver GSH-Px, SOD and CAT showed a tendency to decrease in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. 4. Concentration of plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, plasma IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ and NO, showed a tendency to decrease in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. Concentration of plasma IL-10 showed a tendency to increase in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. 5. In the analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the gene expression of Apo-B and Apo-E in the Cheunggihwadamhwan groups showed a low expression than that of control group. The ratio of Apo-B expression per $\beta$-actin expression in the showed a significant decrement in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. The ratio of Apo-E expression per $\beta$-actin expression in the showed a significant decrement in 300 mg/kg Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. Conclusions According to this study, the extract of Cheunggihwadamhwan showed a positive effect of lowering lipid, antioxidation and a control of producing proinflammatory cytokines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.4 s.113
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• pp.30-44
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• 2007

This research searched characteristic of expression of Surrealism in Fashion Art which is new genre as source of design origination and classified as type of Time, Instinct, Existence and analyzed these and after analyzed result, it tried to verify the value aesthetically and followed by compared characteristic of expression in Surrealism appeared in Art based on content of type of expression that deduced and discussed it. Also comparing common characteristic appeared in Fashion Art in surrealism of the east and the west, it suggested discussion that try to find out identity that draw more near to Fashion Art. Results of research are as following these; Surrealist deliver sentiment and emotion that impossible to happen in reality and primitive thought by combination of unrealistic image and this tendency concreted by expression of Time, Expression of Instinct, expression of Existence. It appeared that deconstruct function and purpose of Fashion Art and existing traditional beauty of form and it is in collusion with way of expression of modelling used in Art of Surrealism those are Irregularity, Disorder, Imperfection and Dissymmetry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.6 s.115
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• pp.122-134
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• 2007

Fine art and fashion have influences on each other since both of them are the part of a culture. The similar patterns of fine art and fashion can be found either in the same period or in the different time. To find out this fact in the forms or content, this study researched into the fine art and fashion of 1960s and into recent year's fashion to see the revivals. In 1960s, fine art and fashion laid emphasis on the materiality of material itself, therefore both fine art and fashion have the tendency of formlessness and disorder in form. It ran be said that the socio-cultural background of this phenomenon in 1960s was mainly caused by the young generation called Hippies. They became a large influential social group that has a huge impact on overall culture in 1960s. As a result, this study firstly found that the fine art and fashion had common formative features and content in 1960s. Secondly, fashion since 1990 repeats the similar features in form like the Post-minimal tendency in fine art in 1960s. The similar features can be described as: artworks have the tendency of the formlessness and disorder in appearances; various materials were newly used to form a work, which had never been used in traditional artworks; new methods such as hanging, layering and knotting were applied to show the maximum expression of the materiality. However, unlike the fashion of 1960s, the Post-minimal tendency in fashion since 1990s doesn't symbolized freedom or peace, or opposition to the war anymore. Instead, only the formative elements were revived and reproduced and the formless tendency became one of the recent fashion trends.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.10-17
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to the design tendency expression of contemporary architectural matter, I can find out how the architecture is represented using the surface of building in its autonomy. I study backgrounds of contemporary architectural matter, method and their natures. In this case, i can notice that 'framework-dressing' method formed a objectified tectonic system, while it supplied arts with room that they hold priority to architecture. So it makes me find that contemporary architectural matter resided in relationship complicated between things and events. Also, this study on analyzing spatial effect by the figurative language derived by researching the dadaisme, pop art, kinetic art, video art hit In conclusion, analyzing the recent experiments in the expressive qualities of exterior skin, in their use of materials, methods of construction and visual effects, it can be argued that the new skin is inclusive of times, and has autonomic, constant and tactile features. Base on their immaterial vocabularies - limits, material, mouvement, media - these could be characterized as vibrant plates.