• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.109-117
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• 2019

Since 'Hanok Expanse Support' has been started in Seoul, its target was expanded from renovation to new construction and from 'Hanok District' to all area in Seoul. The newly built hanok with Hanok Expanse Support had to follow the standards about the form of the hanok and adapt to modern lifestyle. However, the newly built hanok were planned with 'kan' since it retained the traditional wooden structure. So their composition of kan were considered to be influenced by the standards of each district and modern lifestyle. Therefore the aim of this study is to understand the architectural characteristics of newly built hanok in Seoul since 2000 focusing on the kan composition. Because of the differences in site conditions and the district unit plan, newly built hanok in Hanok District have more limited changes than Other District. However, kan is composed variously in horizontal and vertical ways to make the most space according to site conditions and most of the newly built hanok have opened courtyard rather than closed courtyard layout. With kan composition in various directions and kan added under the eaves, kan is highlighted in form. On the other hand, the composition of kan as an interior spatial element has changed and weakened because the lifestyle has changed compared to the traditional hanok and the 20th century urban hanok. Also the regular kan composition of Mom-chae and Nalgae-chae has changed. And kan is divided regardless to the wooden structure. Also, with the added kan under the eaves the main kan is dismantled inside. This paper indicates that although there is an undeniable premise that the case is restricted to hanok received Hanok Expanse Support on the condition of following the standards of the form of hanok, it is a part of the transitional changes that hanok is experiencing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.382-391
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to understand Jirisan-round Trail trekkers' socioeconomic and travel characteristics, travel motivations, and travel attitudes. On-site and email surveys were carried out from July to November of 2008 and a total of 1,026 individuals' data were analyzed. Survey results showed that the percentages of middle age users, highly educated, and professionals/managers were relatively higher among trekkers of Jirisan-round Trail. And they traveled with a small group, collected destination-related information before traveling, and showed a high level of satisfaction. Especially they had not only strong motivations for admiring, understanding, and experiencing the nature but also positive travel attitudes. Based on the results of a cluster analysis, the trekkers of Jirisan-round Trail were divided into two groups, ecotourists and nature tourists. The ecotourists group showed relatively enthusiastic participation, more nature-oriented and culturally sensitive travel attitudes, and a higher satisfaction. The results would be used for establishing effective management strategies for building environmentally and socially responsible trekking culture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.434-445
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• 2021

With the development of realistic content technology and related infrastructure, interest in the use of virtual reality content is growing. Accordingly, in the field of safety education, more and more cases of producing virtual reality-based safety education (VR safety education) contents such as experiencing disaster situations realistically by supplementing the shortcomings of existing lecture-style education. This study looked at the characteristics and effects of VR safety education compared to the existing safety education, and analyzed 104 VR safety education contents produced and disclosed to date into nine classifications based on content and form. Based on the degree of relevance between items and the two axes of 'interactionability' and 'vividness of the environment', VR safety education contents could be categorized into three types: tangible lecture type, simulation type, and game type. Through this study, we hope to contribute to the planning and production of quality VR safety education contents by considering the purpose of safety education and the characteristics of types with the expected effects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

This study aimed to examine factors related to COVID-19 anxiety and stress. For the purpose, a secondary data analysis was conducted with the raw data of the community needs assessment performed in A region located in Asan, Chungnam. The analyzed results are as follows. First, descriptive statistics with a sample of 281 respondents showed that 36.9% experienced COVID-19 anxiety and 51.5% reported high levels of COVID-19 stress. Second, a logistic regression showed that being women, being the middle-aged people compared with the young people or the old-aged people, being those without spouses, being those without their own house, and lower levels of neighborhood satisfaction were associated with higher risk of experiencing COVID-19 anxiety. Third, a logistic regression showed that being the middle-aged people or the young people compared with the old-aged people and being those without their own house were associated with higher risk of belonging to the category of high levels of COVID-19 stress. Based on the results, diverse suggestions were discussed to reduce people's anxiety and stress in the midst of COVID-19.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 2021

Purpose: According to the growth of technology in the service industry, the interaction service between customer and employee has recently been transformed into between customer and technology by Self Service Technology (SST) requiring direct interaction with customers. In this context, self service technology such as unmanned ordering system installed at the store is actively introduced at the work place to reduce labor costs by food and retail company and the research for self-service technology which is rapidly replacing existing face-to-face service is needed. As the growth speed of SST is rapid, many researchers have studied the characteristics of SST, in every sector of business worldwide. Among the characteristics, attributes, Self Service Technology Quality (SSTQUAL) to evaluate SST is important because it may cause the customer's behavior. Thus, this research focuses on the effects of SSTQUAL on SST Satisfaction and SST continuance usage intention. This research suggests the guidelines for how Restaurant Company should prepare SST and build their customer satisfaction and continuance usage that increase the sales. Research design, data and methodology: This study tests the structural relationship between SSTQUAL of unmanned ordering system, SST satisfaction and SST continuance usage. SSTQUAL divided into four sub-dimensions and two categories, cognitive service attributes (Convenience, Functionality) and affective service attributes (Enjoyment, Assurance). In order to achieve the purposes of this research, research model and hypotheses were developed based on previous researches. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. The data were collected from 524 customers experiencing SST and were analyzed through SPSS 25.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical package program. Results: The findings of this research are as follows. First, all SSTQUAL have significant positive impacts on SST satisfaction. Second, SST satisfaction has significant positive impact on SST continuance intention. Third, cognitive service attributes and affective service attributes had wealth of explanation of service attribute more than a single dimension. Conclusions: The implications of this study are as follows. Overall, Restaurant Company should manage SSTQUAL consisting of not only cognitive service attributes (Convenience, Functionality) but also affective service attributes (Enjoyment, Assurance) to satisfy customers basically regardless of the type of restaurant.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.937-947
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the factors that prevent dental patients from visiting the dental clinic. Methods: From June 22, 2020 to July 17, 2020, among patients 10 years or older who had visited the dental clinic, 314 individuals who agreed to the study were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 22.0 program, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The dental avoidance factors according to the general characteristics were high in women and housewives, and among the dental-related characteristics, the most common reason for visiting the dental clinic was experiencing pain. The factors influencing anxiety were fear, environment, stimulus, age, and exercise, and the factors influencing the fear were anxiety, stimulus, subjective oral health status, education, and exercise. The factors influencing the stimulus were environmental factors, fear, anxiety, and age, and the factors that influenced environmental factors were stimulus and anxiety. Conclusions: There is a need to develop measures and policies to overcome fear of dental procedures, such as developing a dental experience program and allowing patients to experience dental fear and anxiety in advance.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2022

Purpose: Brand hearsay refers to information that can be acquired from advertisement, media publicity, and word-of-mouth prior to experiencing products or services of brands. Previous information about brands obtained through brand hearsay affects consumer behavior in choosing brands. Moreover, brand hearsay is an effective communication method in promoting brands to consumers. Thus, bakery franchises need to improve strengths and differentiate characteristics of their brand, thereby attracting more consumers. Therefore, this study investigates relationships the effect of brand hearsay on consumers' brand attitude and brand loyalty in the context of franchised bakery brands. Research design, data, and methodology: A research model was proposed to examine structural relationships between brand hearsay (advertising, publicity, word-of-mouth), brand attitude, and brand loyalty. An online survey was conducted to consumers who had an experience of visiting a franchise bakery. A total of 513 responses were used for data analysis. SPSS 22.0 was used for analyzing general demographics, and SmartPLS 4.0 was used to test validity and reliability of the proposed model. Result: Among attributes of brand hearsay, advertisement and word-of-mouth had positively significant effects on brand attitude, but no significant effect was found between publicity and attitude. Advertisement had a positively significant impact on brand loyalty, while publicity had a negative effect on brand loyalty opposite to hypothesis. Moreover, brand attitude had a statistically significant effect on brand loyalty. Conclusions: In the context of franchise bakeries, brand hearsay contents may change consumers' attitude toward brands but does not increase brand loyalty. Though media publicity does not affect consumers' attitude toward brands, it may decrease brand loyalty when consumers are too exposed to it. In addition, it is necessary to enhance brand attitude to increase brand loyalty of customers. This study provides bakery franchisors and franchisees information about which type of brand hearsay (e.g., advertisement, word-of-mouth, media, publicity) is effective in enhancing brand attitudes and loyalty of consumers. Further studies may include other variables (e.g., trust) in addition to attitude and loyalty, or compare findings based on brand characteristics (e.g., low-to-medium/high prices, store size).

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.501-510
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• 2021

This study is a secondary data analysis study that analyzed the data of the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2019) to identify factors that affect physical and mental health status according to the presence or absence of a spouse of the elderly. 𝜒² test, logistic and linear regression analysis were performed on 1,510 elderly aged 65 years or older. As a result of the study, general characteristics (gender, age, education level, household income) and health-related characteristics (smoking, drinking, and physical activity) were adjusted according to the spouse status. As a result, compared to those without a spouse, the probability of diagnosis of arthritis (OR=0.673, p=.010) and the Possibility of experiencing depression (OR=0.535, p=003) lower. It was confirmed that the quality of life was significantly higher (B=0.023, p=.040). The results of this study can be used as basic data to determine the factors that influence the health status of the elderly by existence of spouses.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to compare and analyze the changes in the physical and mental health status of middle-aged women before and after menopause and their quality of life over the past 10 years. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted by using secondary data from the 4th and 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) involving middle-aged women in menopause (N=8,363). Data were analyzed using the complex sample x² test. Results: Compared to 10 years ago, notable changes were observed in general characteristics. These included increase in age, education level, economic activity, and urban residency. In addition, there was an increase in alcohol consumption, a decrease in smoking, and a decline in regular exercise. The study also observed changes in obesity rates and an increase in dyslipidemia and stress levels, along with positive changes across all aspects of quality of life. Conclusion: The results indicate temporal changes in general characteristics, major physical and mental health factors, and the quality of life of middle-aged women in menopause. Thus, it is essential to consider these changes when designing health interventions such as health promotions and education initiatives for middle-aged women experiencing menopause. Further research is necessary for identifying factors influencing the quality of life of middle-aged women in menopause.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.33-57
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• 2023

The main purpose of this research was to discover the characteristics of the 'commons for all' related to public libraries as much as possible, design the learning content, and finally to demonstrate whether the contents meet the general education requirement of universities. The public library is a study hall for multi-literacy, a common place for lifelong learning without discrimination, a place for experiencing digital sharing culture, a place for practicing public architectural design for community regeneration, a workshop for the maker movement and finally, a hub for forming local communities. In short, it has all the characteristics appropriate to being a commons. This subject titled "Sharing Culture and Local Libraries" is designed and composed with various literacy understanding, information ethics of information literacy, community consciousness and multicultural understanding, public consciousness, cooperative spirit and computer utilization ability, interdisciplinary knowledge, and integrated perspective. In a situation where the regional and public crises are increasing, this kind of general education subject about public library, is expected to contribute greatly to raising the awareness of the library and further enhancing the local community togetherness spirit by spreading the value of the library widely to students and inducing them to actually experience various library services.