• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the compliance of hypertensive patients and its related factors registered at Community Health Practitioner Post(CHCP). Methods: 304 patients were interviewed by trained nursing students during one month(June~July 2004). The questionnaire included general charactristics, knowledge of hypertension, health education experience, constructs of Health Belief Model, self efficacy and so on. Compliance group was defined "having regularly medication and good life style". Good life style included regular exercise, non-smoking, little alcohol, low salt diet, weight control. Results: In compliance group 90.3% of man and 93.3% of woman were regularly taking hypertensive medicine, and 45.2% of man and 56.4% of woman were having good life style (compliance group). In both man and woman, the group of higher education were more compliance group, but were statistically significant were in man(p<0.05). In woman, the compliance group have significantly higher score in knowledge of hypertension(p(0.05). The compliance group have significantly higher self-efficacy score in both man and woman (p<0.05). In Health Belief Model, susceptibility and benefit were statistically significant in man, seriousness, benefit and barrier in woman(p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, education level and self efficacy in man and knowledge of hypertension, self-efficacy and benefit in woman were significant variables (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is very important to evaluate and modify life-style adding to having regularly medication in hypertensive patients registered at CHCP. To this, health education programs about benefit to compliance and the methods to improve self-efficacy should be developed for this patients.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate weight control practices and cardiovascular risk in middle-aged women. 304 middle-aged women were selected as subjects from thirties to fifthies living at J city in Chung-Buk Do. Data were collected using a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, BP & total cholesterol level in serum from April 1, to June 30, 2003. The results of this study were as follows: The middle-aged woman's age is average $43.95{\pm}7.09yr$ and mean BMI(body mass index) was $23.54{\pm}3.09\;kg/m^2$. Underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese women were 3.0%, 39.5%, 27.9% and 29.6%respectively. Subjects perceived own as 'Slim' 5.9%, 'ordinary' 45.7%, 'Fat' 48.4%. Their weight perception coincide their own actual body weight but as many as 41.8% of overweight and 9.0% of obese perceived themselves as being 'ordinary'. Middle age women with past weight control experience were 55.6%, and only 35.5% was doing weight control at present. Of these subjects, 71.4% reported wanting to lose weight and the primary reason of weight control was to improve their appearance(39.53%). The most frequently reported weight control behavior was 'exercise' followed 'dieting', but 39.6% reported using 'diet food', 12.4% 'behavior modification', 12.4% 'fasting', and 'diet-drug'(3.6%) or 'smoking'(3.6%). Effective weight control methods were thought regular exercise(97.1%) & dieting (79.3%). And behavior modification(71.4%) or diet camp(60%) were effective, too. An average waist circumference was $79.80{\pm}9.47cm$, waist/hip ratio was $86.63{\pm}6.78$, waist/height ratio was $50.43{\pm}6.10$. In the index of abdominal obesity, 79.7 % of middle-aged women was waist/height ratio over 0.46, 65.3% was waist/hip ratio over 0.85, 28.4% was waist circumference over 85cm. There were significant differences in the degree of abdominal obesity according to age and BMI. In the index of cardiovascualr risk, 10.9% of middle aged women was systolic hypertension over 140mmHg, 18.7% was diastolic hypertension over 90mmHg and 10.6% was hypercholesterolemia over 200mg/dl. There was significant difference in systolic hypertension ratio according to age. There was significant difference in diastolic hypertension ratio according to age and obesity. There were significant differences in hypercholesterolemia accorting to obesity. The abdominal obesity indices and the levels of T-cholesterol in the serum, systolic and diastolic BP increased significantly according to age. T-cholesterol in serum was predicted 2.6% by waist/height ratio. And systolic BP was predicted 15.2% by waist/height, add BMI to 16.8%. Subject's diastolic BP was predicted 12.1% by BMI. Therefore waist/height ratio and BMI were significant factors for the predictors of cardiovascular risk. There was significant correlation between index of obesity and cardiovascular risk. T-cholesterol in serum had correlation with waist/eight ratio(r=0.174) and waist circumference(r=0.48). Systolic BP had correlation with waist/height ratio(r=0.387), and BMI(=0.371). diastolic BP correlation had correlation with BMI(r=0.343) and waist/height ratio(r=0.327). In conclusion, The prevalence of obesity was 29.6% in 304 cases, and increased as age after menopause increased. Middle-aged women's weight perception and actual BMI coincide but some of them did not. Trial to reduce weight was attempted. But most of them did not actually. Undesirable weight control method such as using drugs, fasting, smoking was used by some women. It is important to educate about health weight control methods and raise their awareness of exact body figures. High frequency of abdominal obesity in middle-aged women had correlation with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Abdominal index such as waist/height ratio, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio was used. Women's hypertension, hypercholesterolemia significantly related to body mass index and abdominal obesity.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2015

In this research, two careers connectable with the contents of the curriculum of fifth to sixth grade elementary school students were selected among other promising future careers in biotechnology and medical engineering fields. 'Design-based promising future career STEAM program' was developed and its validity and effectiveness were verified. Reflecting recent issues, and complying with the STEAM standard (frame) instructional materials were developed through group deliberations for nine months, based on the achievement standards through an analysis of subject curriculum revised in 2009. This was prepared so that students are able to experience biotechnology and medical engineering related careers in a simulational form emphasized with creative design to make them prefer natural sciences and engineering careers and draw their interests and recognition of the relevant careers under the two disciplines. As a result of such application to STEAM Leader School students at the verification stage of the program, the contents and level of the program were verified suitable, receiving favorable reviews. And as a result of applying the developed program on other elementary school students, it was discovered that significant improvements were found in their career consciousness. Through this research, it was suggested that there is a need for a simplification of the curriculum content standards, a provision of 'standard for integration,' development of teachers' ability in reconstituting or organizing the STEAM and proceeding classes, continuous long-term support to see the effects of a policy or a program, and a reinforcement of career education integrated in the curriculum.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.680-695
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing nursing intervention for middle-aged women. This study identified health status, family functionality and spousal relationship and analyzed relationship between individual characteristics and family functionality/ spousal relationship. The subjects, of this study were 1.723 women from 45 to 55 years of age, who lived in J city. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, t-tests, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SPSS statistical program. The results of the study were as follow: 1. The rate of women who perceived themselves to be healthy was 36.6%, those who did not was 30.8%. The most frequent health problem was a disease of the skeletal system (13.2%). 2. The mean score of family functionality was $3.25{\pm}.60$, with cohesion score of $3.58{\pm}.66$ and adaptability score of $2.99{\pm}.63$. 3. The mean score of total spousal relationship was $3.22{\pm}.42$; the relationship with in-laws was 3.78; sexual relationship, 3.74; life style, 3.44; and recreational activity. 3.39. 4. The women who experienced menopause perceived themselves to be unhealthier than those who did not. 5. Healthy women had a high score at total spousal relationship. personality of spouse. life style, recreational activity, and children's influence. 6. The women from 40 to 50 years of age. and women who graduated from middle or high school and had medium economic status showed a high score in family functionality. There was no correlation between family functionality and experience of the menopause. 7. Lower aged women were not good in personality of spouse (p<.05), sexual relationship (p<.05), and relationship with relatives (p<.05), Inexperienced women's menopause was influenced by their children (p<.05), Women who graduated from middle or high school (p<.001) and had medium economic status (p<.05) showed a high score in spousal relationship. 8. The higher the family functionality score. the higher spousal relationship. score (p<.001): love and communication (p<.001), personality of husband (p<.05), and religion (p<.001). relationship with relatives (p<.05), but the lower the score of recreational activity (p<.05), and share of role (p<.001) in the spousal relationship. 9. In the family functionality, the higher the cohesion score. the higher was the adaptability score (p<.001). l) The higher the cohesion score, the higher were love and communication, personality of husband. life style. sexual relationship. and children's influence, but the lower were share of role in spousal relationship(p<.001). 2) The higher the adaptability score, the higher were love and communication, religion, but the lower were the personality of husband, life style. sexual relationship, recreational activity, relationship with relatives, share of role(p<.001), and children's influence in spousal relationship (p<.05). 10. Variables within the spousal relationship have relationships with other variables. 1) The higher the love and communication score. the higher personality of husband religion, life style, communication. relationship with relatives, and children s influence (p<.001). 2) The higher personality of husband life style sexual relationship. recreational activity, relationship with relatives, share of role, and children's influence (p<.001). 3) The higher the religion score, the lower the recreational activity score (p<.05). 4) The higher the life style, the higher were the sexual relationship, recreational activity. relationship with relatives. share of role, and children's influence (p<.001). 5) The higher the sexual relationship score. the higher were recreational activity. relationship with relatives, share of role. and children's influence (p<.001). 6) The higher the recreational activity, the relationship with relatives, share of role. and children's influence (p<.001). 7) The higher the relationship with relatives, the higher were the share of role. the higher children's influence (p<.001). In conclusion. the spousal relationship was not good in unhealthy women, and the family functionality was related with the age of women and educational level. Also the spousal relationship was related with the age of women, personality of husband, sexual relationship. relationship with relatives by marriage and influence of sons and daughters. Menopause was related with spousal relationship, not related with family functionality. And the family functionality not related with perceived health status. but was correlated with spousal relationship. Therefore, the health management program for middle-aged woman should take place before menopause and must be based on promoting the family functionality and spousal relationship as well as physical health.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

Virtual reality that we have seen from the movies in 80's and 90's is hawing near based on the rapid progress of science together with a computer technology. Various virtual reality system developments (such as VRML, HMD FishTank, Wall Type, CAVE Type, and so on) and the advancement of those systems make for the embodiment of virtual reality that gives more sense of the real. Virtual reality is so immersive that makes people feel like they are in that environment and enable them to manipulate without experiencing the environment at first hand that is hard to experience in reality. Virtual reality can be applied to the spheres, such as education, high-level programming, remote control, surface exploration of the remote satellite, analysis of exploration data, scientific visualization, and so on. For some connote examples, there are training of a tank and an aeroplane operation, fumiture layout design, surgical operation practice, game, and so on. In these virtual reality systems, the actual operation of the human participant and virtual workspace are connected each other to the hardware that stimulates the five senses adequately to lend the sense of the immersion. There are still long way to go, however, before long it will be possible to have the same feeling in the virtual reality as human being can have by further study and effort. In this thesis, the basic definition, the general idea, and the kind of virtual reality were discussed. Especially, CAVE typed in reality that is highly immersive was analyzed in definition, and then the method of VR programming and modeling in the virtual reality system were suggested by showing the restoration process of Kyongbok Palace (as the content of the original form of the culture) that was made by KISTI(Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information) in 2003 through design process in virtual reality system. Through these processes, utilization of the immersive virtual reality system was discussed and how to take advantage of this CAVE typed virtual reality system at the moment was studied. In closing the problems that had been exposed in the process of the restoration of the cultural property were described and the utilization plan of the virtual reality system was suggested.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.68-87
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• 2016

This research conducted a survey for total 166 teachers of schools so as to analyze validity and satisfaction for performance objectives of SMB administration subsidy the HRDP and the CEP in Specialized High School. The results of research are as follows. First, teachers recognize that purpose of HRDP is to expand employment of specialized high school and provide human resource of SMB. And, they recognize that HRDP is important to improve school outcomes and makes a positive effect on the improvement of school outcomes. Second, teachers recognize that objectives of HRDP are improvement of student's understanding for SMB, improvement of teacher's understanding for SMB, improvement of SMB's understanding of school, cultivation of student's occupational view, systematization of career guiding program based on employment process, strengthening of industry-academia cooperation education, improvement of the level of student's skill, fulfillment of workplace experience and practice focusing workplace learning, training of customized human resource for SMB, improvement of student's adaptation to the workplace, improvement of employment rate for SMB, expansion of job opportunities for students with SMB, preparation of the base of connection between school and SMB, publicity of school, expansion of opportunities to cooperate between SMB and school, establishment of cooperative system among industrial association and school, introduction and operation of the employment connective model for joint education and employment, strengthening of field professionalism of teachers. However, satisfaction for the achievement of objectives of HRDP except for strengthening of industry-academia cooperation education and improvement of employment rate for SMB is relatively lower than the validity. Third, teachers in charge of human resource training business of middle and small sized company's specialized high school recognize that objectives of CEP are expansion of job opportunities for students with SMB, excavation of good-quality SMB, expansion of opportunities to cooperate between SMB and school, fulfillment of workplace learning, improvement of student's major foundation and in-depth skill, improvement of literacy, math, teamwork and communication abilities for students' job performance, improvement of student's working attitude and student's proper career exploration decision. However, satisfaction for achievement of objectives of CEP is relatively lower than the validity.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.28-46
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to use as a basic data of establishing operating Course-based National Technical Qualification(CNTQ) support program by examining the educational needs for operating CNTQ of vocational school teachers, and to contribute to the vocational school settlement of CNTQ course. To achieve those purposes, this study drew 27 tasks performed by teachers operating CNTQ. Also, it surveyed the perceived importance and the performance. The findings of this study are as follows. First, it is showed that 'selection of qualification fields and confirmation of organization criteria, organization of educational training time by competency unit, organization of subjects and establishment of competency unit operating plan by grade and semester, selection of teaching materials, implementation of education and training, establishment of evaluation plan, implementation of evaluation, re-education and re-evaluation students with grades under 40%, guidance of paper evaluation, guidance of practical evaluation, guidance of interview evaluation' are the first priority tasks in the result of the need analysis. Second, it is indicated that 'application of external evaluation, guidance to retake an exam for failure' are the secondary priority tasks. According to these results, the following conclusions were made. First, it will be more positive effects if the educational needs in the next CNTQ support program include contents of the first priority tasks. Second, it is indicated that the priority of the educational needs for tasks of operating plan stages is commonly high. In particular, the highest ranking in the result means that it is completely supported from the first step on operating course. It is expected that the program which teachers on operating the course of similar qualification fields share each operating experience is effective. Third, the priority of the educational needs for external evaluation step ranked high. External evaluation has a different level of difficulty and a form of practical evaluation output according to qualification fields, so the method of guidance has to be different. It needs the program constructed by similar fields.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.108-119
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• 2015

Recently, the ways in which individual communities own and manage parks have been both discussed and realized in America and England. Some benefits of these asset transfers are that local governments can reduce the financial cost of management as well as improve the service of the parks. In addition, communities can develop these parks as unique assets. Ultimately, this is a new understanding of parks as community commons. This study examines the policy of park asset transfers to communities in England. These transfers, which involve reallocating land and building management and/or ownership from the public sector to a community group, are part of a policy agenda known as "Big Society", which aims to create a "small government" within a "big society". The agenda is pursued by both the English Conservative and Unionist Party governments. Eight case studies of community park asset transfers in England were examined in this study, under three categories-transfer process, partnership among stakeholders, and financial structure-and synthesized along three issues-financial contribution, level of public transparency, and closeness of the relationship between park and community. In some cases, new community groups were created specifically to receive park assets, while in other communities, existing groups became the park trustees. For most parks, community groups raise park maintenance funding through diverse methods; however, these groups are often not entirely financially independent from local government. Thus, many park trustees have already created, or are planning to create, other assets from which parks can benefit. Second, some efforts for public transparency include trusts that are registered as charities, of which their public nature is admitted officially. These trusts resolve important decisions through boards of trustees, in an effort to promote income-generating business while not excluding users. Ultimately, a close relationship between park and community empowers the community to participate in managing and maintaining the park; in turn, the park's capacities are improved. Current struggles include the many limits involved in communities accepting ownership and management of a park, and a lack of local government experience regarding public-private management and maintenance of a public asset. This study, however, details interesting policy implications for Korean community involvement as well as diverse financial methods to facilitate park management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

The study discovers mood state and enhancement effect of users by scenery of location targeting Seonyudo Park; where is widely recognized as the representative recycling environmental park as well as theme experience space and scenery admiration in Korea. Also, the influence level of park and thematic space upon wellness was researched for future park design and its base data. As a result of semantic differential(SD), the most items showed low point in positive way when people admiring the scenery in Seonyudo. Also, a subject experienced differently depending on each inside scenery element of the park. As a result of profile of mood states(POMS), a tension and anxiety points were shown in order of Urban (7.78) > Water Purification Basin(3.33) > Gardens of Water Plants(2.11) > Garden of Green Pillar(2.00) > Garden of Time (0.89). The depression points were shown in order of Urban(4.94) > Water Purification Basin(3.50) > Garden of Green Pillar(2.94) > Garden of Time(1.61) > Gardens of Water Plants(1.38). The anger and hostility points were shown in order of Urban(4.22) > Water Purification Basin(3.33) > Garden of Green Pillar(2.22) > Garden of Time(1.39) > Gardens of Water Plants(1.11). The fatigue points were shown in order of Urban(6.5) > Water Purification Basin(3.39) > Garden of Green Pillar(2.78) > Garden of Time(2.28) > Gardens of Water Plants (2.06). The vigor points were shown in order of Gardens of Water Plants(11.39) > Garden of Time(11.00) > Garden of Green Pillar(8.39) > Water Purification Basin(7.77) > Urban(5.28). Also, as a result of statistics analysis, difference value of scenery type is significant. The result of total emotional disturbance(TED) was analyzed in order of Urban(24.5) > Water Purification Basin(9.5) > Garden of Green Pillar(4.67) > Garden of Time(-1.39) > Gardens of Water Plants(-1.22).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.86-99
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• 2016

This study was for analyzing the external environment and internal space structure and improving the way of use efficiency in waterfront through the Dragon boat festival to utilize waterfront actively. Through from the four target area, Hongkong, Busan, Incheon and Daejeon, this study was for an importance and satisfaction analysis for users about the element effect on the waterfront use efficiency and the contribution to cultural contents revitalization of waterfront by giving basic data. The result is as follows. First, in the importance analysis about 12 items, modern cultural infra around the waterfront was ranked highest, 8.26 and waterfront landscape, square & openspaces, convenience facilities, transport, green area, quality of viewing space, historic resources, pedestrian, suitability of width, wave, depth, water quality, berth & mooring were ranked in descending order. Second, waterfront landscape was interpreted by rather the external environmental impact according to city size than the matter of spatial structure in target area and judged as an important factor effect on site selection for waterfront. In the analysis of waterfront landscape, the reason of the high satisfaction about domestic target area was that riverside parks were recently made considering their waterfront activities. Viewing space was major infra where people could experience the pleasant waterfront and watch dynamic water leisure sports like Dragon boat three dimensionally and was thought to be improved for the use efficiency. Third, tourism resources were very important element that affect the use efficiency of waterfront, so waterfront users react sensitively to modern tourism resources rather than to historic resources. This meant that tourism infrastructure for shopping and leisure of the young affected the use efficiency of waterfront, so Hongkong and Busan were in a better position in terms of using waterfront that was near the tourism infrastructure. Fourth, in the analysis of traffic accessibility, both Hongkong and Busan were high evaluated in terms of excellent traffic accessibility by subway. Daejeon was low rated in terms of the satisfaction of use efficiency, because of the relative lower place awareness compared with transportation infrastructure. In Hongkong, waterfront was connected with downtown and in Busan, housing complex and shopping centers were located in the place for users in an easily accessible on foot, so the satisfaction was high-pitched. Finally, in the importance of water surface width and the analysis of satisfaction, except Incheon, all the three were over 200m in width of water surface and this meant the surface width above certain level was interpreted to interrupt the concentration of enjoying the water leisure sports. In the analysis of surface condition such as water quality, water depth and wave, through a survey, Busan had a problem with water quality and Gapcheon in Daejeon had a problem with optimal water depth by the festival participants.