• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.156-168
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• 1997

This study was undertaken in order to examine the relationship of self-efficacy, control, perceived health status. self-esteem, social support, and demographic characteristics to health promoting lifestyle of college students, and to determine factors affecting health promoting lifestyle of college students. The subjects were 92 students of one university in Taejon. The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, health promoting lifestyle(44 items), self-efficacy (28 items), self-esteem(10 items). control(8 items), perceived heath status(1 item), and social support(12 items). Analysis of data was done by use of mean, percentage, t-test. ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression with SAS program. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The average item score for the health promoting lifestyles was low at 2.30. In the sub-categories, the highest degree of performance was interpersonal support(2.90), and the lowest degree was exercise(1.67). 2) Male students showed a significant higher score in exercise subscale than female students. Students who had more income had higher scores in self actualization subscale. Students who's family had experienced severe disease had higher scores in health responsibility and interpersonal support subscale. Students who had experienced exercise had higher scores in total health promoting lifestyle, exercise, interpersonal support, and stress management subscale. 3) Significant correlation between perceived health status and self-efficacy, perceived health status and self-esteem, control and self-efficacy, control and self-esteem, control and social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy was found. 4) Self-efficacy and control revealed significant correlations with total health promoting lifestyle and all subscales of health promoting lifestyle except self actualization, A significant correlation between perceived health status and self actualization subscale was found. Self-esteem revealed significant correlations only with self actualization and interpersonal support subscale. 5) Significant correlations were found between most of the subscales of total health promoting lifestyle. 6) Self-efficacy was the highest factor predicting health promoting lifestyles of college students (30.55%). Self-efficacy and control accounted for 36.55% in health promoting lifestyle of college students.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.704-714
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• 2008

Purpose: This study explored the feasibility of a 12 week self-efficacy based exercise intervention for overweight and obese college students. Method: A repeated measure, 4-group randomized controlled design was used. Students were recruited from two universities. in Seoul. Korea using: (1) flyers either on the campus bulletin boards or in campus restrooms: (2) advertisement on campus e-board: and (3) self-referral. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Korean college students aged 18 to 29: (2) BMI >23: (3) viscerally obese: and (4) accessible to a phone and a computer. Participants completed three self-reported questionnaires: socio-demographic questionnaire (at the baseline), Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (at the baseline and $12^{th}$ week), and Physical Fitness sub-subscale (at the baseline and $12^{th}$ week). Additionally. physiological data (height, weight, blood pressure) were collected at the baseline and $12^{th}$ week. Descriptive statistics and a two-way mixed ANOVA were performed using SPSS12.0. Results: No significant group difference was observed. However. students with increased exercise self-efficacy during the program showed better physical fitness in the $12^{th}$ week. When students' physical fitness was enhanced. the physiological factors were improved. Conclusions: Self-efficacy based exercise intervention may be applicable and acceptable to the college students. It is necessary to conduct a replicated study with a larger sample and an elongated intervention period.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.132-142
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate whether exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program based on the self-efficacy theory of Bandura(1977) would increase self-efficacy and metabolism in NIDDM patients. The study design was a nonequivalent control group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental desist The exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program was composed of a staged exercise program, a small booklet relating personal experience with diabetes mellitus and a telephone coaching program on performance accomplishment. vicarious experience and verbal persuasion, which are all induction modes of efficacy expectation. The subjects of the study were twenty eight NIDDM patients who received follow-up care regularly through the out-patient department of endocrine medicine in one general hospital which had a diabetic clinic. Fourteen were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen to the control group. The experimental group participated in the exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program from three to five times per week for four weeks and the control group did not have the program. The collected data were analyzed using the X²-test, t-test, paired t-test, and Cronbach's Alpha using SPSS /PC/sup +/. The results are summarized as follows 1. Experimental group had higher efficacy score than control group(t=5.98, p=.00). And. There was a significant different in the efficacy score before exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program and after in experimental group(t=-6.42, p=.00). 2. Experimental group did not have lower level of glucose metabolism than control group(FBS : t=.32, p=.75, HbAlC : t=.60, p=.55, pc 2hrs. glucose : t=-.29, p=.78). But, There was a significant different in the aunt of glucose metabolism before exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program and after in experimental group(FBS : t=3.63, p=.003, HbAlC t=4.20, p=.00, pc 2hrs. glucose : t=1.93, p=.001). 3. Levels of lipid metabolism were partly a significant different between Experimental group and control group(triglyceride t=-1.87, p=.07, HDL cholesterol : t=-.29, p=.77. body weight : t=1.78, p=.09, Total cholesterol : t=-2.17, p=.04). And, There was partly a significant different in the amount of lipid metabolism before exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program and after in experimental group(triglyceride : t=2.50, p=.03, HDL cholesterol : t=-.43, p=.67, body weight : t=5.34. p=.00, Total cholesterol : t=2.26, p=.04). In conclusion, it was found that exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program was an effective nursing intervention for increasing self-efficacy and metabolism.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.122-140
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to understand and to predict the determinent factors affecting the exercise behaviors and physical fitness by testing the Pender's revised health promotion model, and to help the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis perform the continous exercise program, and to help them maximize the physical effect such as muscle strength, endurance, and functional status and mental effects including self efficacy and quality of life, and improve the physical and mental well being, and to provide a basis for the nursing intervention strategies. Of the selected variables in this study, the endogenous variables included the physical fitness, exercise score, exercise participation, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue) and the exogenous variables included personal sociocultural factor(education level), personal biologic factor(body mass index), personal psychologic factor(perceived health status) and prior related behavior factors(previous participation in exercise, life-style). We analyzed the clinical records of 208 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis who visited the outpatient clinics at H university hospital in Seoul. Data were composed of self reported qustionnaire and good of fitness score which were obtained by padalling the ergometer of bicycle for 9 minutes. SPSS Win 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a were used for statistical analysis. Of 75 hypothetical paths that influence on physical fitness, exercise participation, exercise score, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue), 40 were supported. The physical fitness was directly influenced by life-style, perceived health status, education level, family support, fatigue, which explained 12% of physical fitness. The exercise participation were directly influenced by life-style, education level, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action, depression and duration of arthritis, which explained 47% of exercise participation. Exercise score were directly affected by perceived self efficacy. BMI, life-style, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, family support, perceived health status. perceived barriers of action, and fatigue, which explained 70%. Perceived benefits of action was directly influenced by BMI, life-style, which explained 39%. Perceived barriers of action were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, perceived health status, which explained 7%. Perceived self efficacy were directly influeced by level of education, perceived health status, life-style, which explained 57%. Depression were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, BMI, life-style, which explained 27%. Family support were directly influeced by life-style, perceived health status, which explained 29%. Fatigue were directly influeced by BMI, life-style, perceived health status. which explained 41%. Duration of arthritis were directly influeced by life-style, past exercise behavior, BMI, which explained 6%. In conclusion, important variables for physical fitness were life-style, and variable affecting exercise participation were life-style. Perceived self-efficacy of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise score. BMI, Life-style, perceived benefits of action, family support, past exercise behavior showed direct effects on perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, disease related factor should be minimized for physical performance and well being in nursing intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and plans to promote and continue exercise should be seeked to reduce disability. In addition, Exercise program should be planned and performed by the exact evaluation of exercise according to the ability of the patients and the contents to improve the importance of exercise and self efficacy in self control program, dedicated educational program should be involved. This study suggest that the methods to reduce the disease related factors, the importance of daily life-style, recognition of benefit of exercise, and educational program to promote self efficacy should be considered in the exercise behavior promotion and nursing intervention for continous performance. The significance of this study is also thought to provide patients with chronic arthritis the specific data for maximal physical and mental well being through exercise, chronic therapeutic procedure, daily adaptation and confrontation in nursing intervention.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2010

Purpose: The study was done to identify the effects of self-efficacy and Yansaeng on quality of life (QOL) of 208 renal hemodialysis patients in Korea. Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlation design. Data were collected by self-report questionnaire. The questionnaires consisted of self-efficacy, Yansaeng, and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's a, and multiple regression. Results: The self-efficacy was significantly correlated with exercise while Yangsaeng had significant correlation with age and exercise. QOL was significantly influenced by gender, cause of disease, and exercise. Self-efficacy and Yangsaeng positively correlated to QOL. Self-efficacy and Yangsaeng influenced on QOL in 34.9% of the hemodialysis patients. Conclusions: QOL of hemodialysis patients was influenced by self-efficacy and Yangsaeng, which can be utilized as a beneficial nursing intervention.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

This paper of descriptive-correlative design determined the effects of health perception, need of exercise and self-efficacy on the frequency of exercise among diabetic patients. A total of 86 questionnaires were retrieved from these groups of diabetic patients, who regularly visits endocrinology clinics and accomplished voluntarily the major instrument distributed from two university hospitals in A city, during June to July, 2018. The result was a significant positive relationship that existed between health perception (r=.215, p=.043) and self-efficacy (r=.440, p<.001) with frequency of exercise respectively. Regression analysis revealed that the factor affecting the frequency of exercise is self efficacy (β=.440, p<.001) which illustrated to have a significant effect in the model's explanatory power at 18.4%(F=20.836, p<.001) results. This suggests that diabetic patients with a high positive health perception increase self-efficacy, their self-efficacy will help increase the frequency of exercise if further developed. Therefore, if an intervention program is developed to improve the health perception and self-efficacy education program for diabetics, it will help improve the frequency of exercise, namely diabetes management exercise.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2002

This study was to examine the relationships between knowledge, health belief and self-efficacy of osteoporosis with the women residents in an island. Method: The subjects were 64 women who lived in an island located in Incheon metropolitan city. Data collection was performed by using questionnaire that included Osteoporosis Knowledge Test, Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale by Kim, Horan & Gendler (1991). The Data were analyzed using SAS computer program that included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. Result: 1) The mean of osteoporosis knowledge was 10.03 in the range of 0 to 24, shows the relatively lower score than mean score. The mean of osteoporosis health belief variables were susceptibility 18.95, seriousness 19.05, benefits of exercise 22.35, benefits of calcium 21.81, barriers to exercise 16.95, barriers to calcium 13.13, and health motivation 19.75 in every range of 6 to 30. The mean of osteoporosis self-efficacy was 37.95 in the range of 12 to 60, shows a relatively higher score than mean score. 2) There were statistically significant differences in the degree of osteoporosis knowledge according to age, education. But There was no significant difference in the degree of osteoporosis and self-efficacy according to general characteristics. There were statistically significant differences in the degree of susceptibility according to religion, family income. There were statistically significant differences in the degree of seriousness, health motivation according to family income. There was statistically significant difference in the degree of barriers to exercise according to education. 3) There were statistically significant positive correlations between osteoporosis knowledge and benefits to exercise, benefits of calcium intake. There was statistically no significant correlation between osteoporosis knowledge and osteoporosis self- efficacy. There was statistically a significant positive correlation between osteoporosis self-efficacy and barriers to exercise. There was statistically a significant negative correlation between osteoporosis self-efficacy and health motivation. Conclusion: According to the result, osteoporosis education program including exercise, calcium intake should be operated to increase benefits to exercise and calcium intake for osteoporosis prevention. In addition, the program of improving self-efficacy should be designed and operated to decrase the perception of barriers to exercise and to increase the perception of health motivation of women in island.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.467-474
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise (TCE) on depression, quality of life and self-efficacy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: A nonequivalent control-group pre and posttest design was used. Of the 30 participants 15 were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The experimental group participated in 8 weeks of TCE which included one day of exercise with instructor on site and 3 days of self-exercise at home guided by a videotape. Results: The 8 weeks of TCE were found to be significantly effective in enhancing quality of life and self-efficacy. However there was no significant difference in the level of depression. Conclusion: These results suggest that TCE has positive effect on quality of life and self-efficacy in patients with PD. Research over an extended period with the TCE intervention is recommended to identify further effects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.409-418
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to stage of exercise behavior based on the Transtheoretical model in patients with chronic arthritis. Method: The participants were 151 patients with chronic arthritis using an out-patient pain clinic and hospital in C city. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA, Sheffe test and discriminant analysis with SPSS/WIN. Results: The patients were distributed as follows for each stage of exercise behavior 21.8% in the precontemplation stage, 26.5% in the contemplation stage, 25.2% in the preparation stage, 7.3% in the action stage, and 19.2% in the maintenance stage. Significant effects for stage of change were found for nine of the 10 processes of change and Pros, Cons, self-efficacy. Scores on these variables were found to increase across the stage of exercise behaviors from precontemplation to maintenance. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-efficacy and stimulus control, and reinforcement management were the major correlates of the stage of exercise behaviors. Conclusion: The findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention, by using strategies of exercise for chronic arthritis patients in different stages of exercise behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.587-595
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• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to differentiate the change in exercise behavior into different stages and to investigate differences in the process of change, self efficacy, decisional balances and depression according to the stages of exercise behavior change among middle aged women in Korea by using the transtheoretical Model. Methods. A convenience sample of 434 middle aged women (40-64 years) completed measures of all transtheoretical model constructs involved in exercise behaviors (stages and processes of exercise behaviors change, self efficacy and decisional balance) and depression. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10.0 program including descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA. Results. The subjects were distributed in each stage of change in exercise behaviors: pre-contemplation (n = 106; 24.4%), contemplation (n = 126; 29%), preparation (n = 88; 20.3%), action (n = 51; 11.8%), and maintenance (n = 63; 14.5%). The processes of change, pros (advantages of behaviors), self-efficacy and depression were significantly differentiated across the stages of exercise behavior change. Cons(disadvantage of behaviors) was not significantly differentiated across the stages of exercise behavior change. Conclusions. Results of this study suggested that discriminating of processes of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and depression could provide positive information to people about the stages of change in exercise behavior. Therefore, in designing interventions, the stage of a client's exercise behaviors change needs to be assessed prior to application of intervention programs in order to increase and maintain exercise behavior in middle aged women.