• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2019

Social exclusion, which does not fulfill the desire for respect as one of the most basic human desires, makes those who perceive themselves to be socially excluded seek physical warmth. However, very few studies have examined whether this phenomenon-wherein social exclusion develops a preference for warmth-can be generalized to the emotional or symbolic aspects, such as the color of lighting. This study aimed to verify the effects of perceived social exclusion on warm lighting preferences, and two experiments were performed for this purpose. In Experiment-1, participants who were respected by people the previous day were assigned to the group that did not perceive social exclusion (non-perceived social exclusion group), and those who were not respected were assigned to the group that perceived social exclusion (perceived social exclusion group). Following this, their preference for warm lighting (3000K), neutral lighting (4000K), and cold lighting (6000K) was measured. The results showed that the perceived social exclusion group had a stronger preference for warm lighting and a weaker preference for cold lighting than did their counterparts. Moreover, the perceived social exclusion group showed a strong preference for warm lighting over neutral lighting; they also showed a weak preference for cold lighting. In Experiment-2, after assigning the participants into groups as in Experiment-1, the participants' preference for a space with warm lighting, neutral lighting, and cold lighting was measured. The results showed that the perceived social exclusion group had a stronger preference for the space with warm lighting and a weaker preference for cold lighting than did their counterparts. Further, the perceived social exclusion group showed a strong preference for the space with warm lighting over the space with neutral lighting; they also showed a weak preference for the space with cold lighting. The findings of this study have implications that can be applied to designing living spaces for people who experience social exclusion, such as handicapped individuals, multicultural families, or immigrant workers, as well as developing artificial intelligence services and cyber-friend characters for this demographic.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.309-316
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of social exclusion on depression of older adults. In addition, it is to address the mediating effect of social participation and the gender differences on social exclusion-social participation-depression relationship. The researcher conducted a secondary data analysis using the 6^th wave of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The final sample included 1,925 male and 2,653 female older adults. The results indicated that excluded from work, health, and housing increased depression of male older adults. In the female model, excluded from education also found to be a significant factor predicting depression. Different mediating relationships existed between male and female older adults model and gender differences were also revealed. Based on the findings, the researcher discussed social work implications.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.53-68
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• 2023

Materialism can be triggered by various social events. Based on theories on functions of materialistic goal pursuit, this study investigates how social exclusion evokes desires related to one's identity, resulting in an increase in materialism. Specifically, we predicted that social exclusion would increase the desire for control and belonging, thus leading to higher levels of materialism. Moreover, based on the theory of the approach tendency of power, we further predicted that individuals with a higher sense of power would experience greater desires for belonging and control when faced with social exclusion. To examine the hypotheses, we conducted an experiment using 202 Korean women. The results indicated that social exclusion resulted in an increase in the desire for control, thus increasing materialism. This relationship is stronger for individuals with a high sense of power, and the path from social exclusion to materialism based on the need for control is significant for those with a high sense of power. Although social exclusion increases the need to belonging, the relationship between the need to belonging and materialism is not significant, and its mediating effect was not supported in this study. Based on these findings, we discussed implications and directions for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 2012

There are several indicators to represent characteristics of chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) such as material removal rate (MRR), surface quality and removal uniformity on a wafer surface. Especially, the removal uniformity on the wafer edge is one of the most important issues since it gives a significant impact on the yield of chip production on a wafer. Non-uniform removal rate at the wafer edge (edge effect) is mainly induced by a non-uniform pressure from nonuniform pad curvature during CMP process, resulting in edge exclusion which means the region that cannot be made to a chip. For this reason, authors tried to minimize the edge exclusion by using an edge profile control (EPC) ring. The EPC ring is equipped on the polishing head with the wafer to protect a wafer from the edge effect. Experimental results showed that the EPC ring could dramatically minimize the edge exclusion of the wafer. This study shows a possibility to improve the yield of chip production without special design changes of the CMP equipment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.239-246
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• 2017

There are various transversal structures (small dams or drop structures) in median and small streams in Korea. Most of them are concrete structures and it is so hard to exclude low-level water. Unless drainage valves and/or gates would not be installed near bottom of bed, sediment from upstream should be deposited and also contaminants attached to the sediments would devastatingly threaten the water quality and ecosystem. One of countermeasures for such problem is the bypass pipe installed underneath the transversal structure. However, there is still issued whether it would be workable if the gravels and/or stones would roll into and be not excluded. Therefore, in this study, the conditions to exclude the rip stone which enter into the bypass pipe was reviewed. Based on sediment transport phenomenon, the behavior of stones was investigated with the concepts from the critical shear stress of sediment and d'Alembert principle. As final results, the basis condition (${\tau}_c{^*}$) was derived using the Lagrangian description since the stones are in the moving state, not in the stationary state. From hydraulic experiments the relative velocity could be obtained. In order to minimize the scale effect, the extra wide channel of 5.0 m wide and 1.0 m high was constructed and the experimental stones were fully spherical ones. Experimental results showed that the ratio of flow velocity to spherical particle velocity was measured between 0.5 and 0.7, and this result was substituted into the suggested equation to identify the critical condition wether the stones were excluded. Regimes about the exclusion of stone in bypass pipe were divided into three types according to particle Reynolds number ($Re_p$) and dimensionless critical shear force (${\tau}_c{^*}$) - exclusion section, probabilistic exclusion section, no exclusion section. Results from this study would be useful and essential information for bypass pipe design in transveral structures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 1993

The in vitro predictive tests in cancer chemotherapy of cancer cell lines to anticancer drugs were determined using novel dye exclusion assay [NDEA], [3H] thymidine incorporation, and clonogenic assay [CA>. Antitumor effect of Bleomycin, Cis-platin, Vinblastine, Methotrexate to HEp-2, B16 cell lines using rapid assays was compared with [CA> in this study. In dye exclusion assay of B l6 cell line, cancer cells were sensitive to Bleomycin at all concentrations, to Vinblastine at the level of peak plasma concentration [PPC], ${\times}1/10$ [PPC](P<0.05). And Bleomycin revealed relatively good cytotoxicity than that of CDDP and vinblastine at ${\times}10$[PPC], (P<0.05). HEp-2 cells were resistive to methotrexate at the level of ${\times}100$[PPC] (P<0.05) In [3H] thymidine incorporation assay, B 16 cells were sensitive to Bleomycin, CDDP, Vinblastine at the level of [PPC], ${\times}10$ [PPC](P<0.01). Dose-dependent drugs of bleomycin, CDDP were more sensitive than Vinblastine at high concentration (P<0.05). In clonogenic assay, HEp-2 cell line was sensitive to three drugs of all concentrations except ${\times}10$ [PPC] of CDDP. B 16 cell line was sensitive to all drugs(P<0,01). In comparison of chemosensitivity tests among three assays, the results were correlated(${\gamma}=0.99$, P<0.05).

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2005

A size exclusion chromatography (SEC) process, in the presence of denaturant in the refolding buffer was developed to refold recombinant human $interferon-\gamma$ ($rhIFN-\gamma$) at a high concentration. The $rhlFN-\gamma$ was overexpressed in E. coli resulting in the formation of inactive inclusion bodies (IBs). The IBs were first solubilized in 8 M urea as the denaturant, and then the refolding process performed by decreasing the urea concentration on the SEC column to suppress protein aggregation. The effects of the urea concentration, protein loading mode and column height during the refolding step were investigated. The combination of the buffer-exchange effect of SEC and a moderate urea concentration in the refolding buffer resulted in an efficient route for producing correctly folded $rhIFN-\gamma$, with protein recovery of $67.1\%$ and specific activity up to $1.2\times10^7\;IU/mg$.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.5
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• pp.17-31
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• 1994

Because of the Keumkangsan-Dam and the Peace-Dam constructed in recent years, it is expected that the peak flood discharge and the peak flood stage at the Hwachun-Dam site have been changed. In this study, two methods were used to simulate and compare the effects of the upstream dam construction on the change of the discharge and the stage. One is the storage function method widely used for the hydrological routing in the country. The other is the DWOPER(Dynamic Wave Operational Model) package conducted on four different scenarios: (1) before the construction of the Keumkangsan-Dam and the Peace-Dam; (2) the exclusion of the Keumkangsan-Dam watershed (before the construction of the Peace-Dam); (3) the exclusion of the Keumkangsan-Dam watershed (after the construction of the Peace-Dam) ; (4) the exclusion of the Peace-Dam watershed. The results of the four test cases from the two methods show that the peak flood discharge and the peak flood stage at the Hwachun-Dam site are reduced due to the construction of the Peace-Dam. From these findings, it is suggested that the operational criteria for the optimal dam-operation of the Hwachun-Dam need to be modified.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.433-439
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• 2021

Acellular dermal matrices (ADM) are a novel graft. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence behind differences in human and porcine ADM, irrelevant of manufacturing method, and to determine if there is enough of an evidence base to change clinical practice. An extensive literature search was performed through MEDLINE and Embase with search terms defining a population, intervention and outcome. Title and abstract exclusion were performed with other exclusion criteria. In 191 articles were found after exclusion of duplicates, with only 29 remaining following exclusions. Ten studies were found to have level I and II evidence (I=3, II=8), of which two were histopathological, one was an animal model, one was a systematic review, and six were clinical. The remaining studies were reviewed and considered for discussion, but did not hold high enough standards for medical evidence. Strong clinical evidence already exists for the use of human ADM, but questions of access, cost, and ethics require consideration of a xenograft. Histopathologically, evidence suggests minimal long-term differences between human and porcine ADM, although there is a short acute immune response with porcine ADM. Clinically, there is limited difference in outcomes, with a small range in effect of different ADM preparations. Considering the effectiveness of ADM in wound healing, more high-level research with appropriate statistical analysis to facilitate a future meta-analysis is recommended to justify a transition from human to porcine ADM.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2000

Objectives: This study was camed out to examine the effect of five fractions of aqueous extract from Artemisia capillaris THUNB(ACT), on TGF, 1-induced apoptosis, cell viability, cell cycle progression and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes in human hepatocyte cell line HepG2. Methods: This study employed Tryphan blue exclusion assay, DNA fragmentation assay, Cpp32 protease activity assay and Quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results: In the Tryphan blue exclusion assay, the butanol fraction of ACT with $TGF{\beta}$, l showed magnificent (Nice word, ut is it appropriate in a medical abstract\ulcorner) viability and the H2O fraction of ACT with $TGF{\beta}$, l also showed higher viability than only $TGF{\beta}$, l-treated group. DNA fragmentation assay showed that the butanol fraction and the H2O fraction carried inhibitory effects on apoptosis induction, with the butanol fraction displaying greater effects. The Cpp32 protease activity assay showed that the butanol fraction decreased Cpp32 protease activity. The H2O fraction of ACT had no significant effect on the Cpp32 protease activity. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the butanol fraction suppressed Bax, p 15/INK4B, p21/Waf1, PAI-1 and increased Bcl-2 gene. Conclusions: The data shows that butanol fraction of ACT increases the hepatocyte viability and has the hepatocellular protective effect by the suppression of $TGF{\beta}$, l induced-apoptosis through gene regulation.