• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2018

Objectives : This paper studies Zhushang, which is the name of a disease found in excavated books. Zhusang is the first disease listed in Wushierbingfang, which is a medical textbook excavated at Mawangdui, and Zhusang was followed by diseases such as Jinshang and Renshang. The paper studies what disease each of the word is refering to in terms of graphonomy, and compared the difference of their treatment from other classical texts. Methods : The scope of the study of this paper includes the excavated textbooks that seem to contain any disease related to Zhusang, and the two major text books of these are Wushierbingfang and Wuweihandaiyijian. Then Shennongbencao jing, which is the one of the earlier books on herbology, and Bencao gangmu, which was written based on the former, wer used to make comparisons. Parts in Donguibogam that seem to be related to the parts in the excavated texts were also compared. The study was done by first performing historical research on the names of the diseases in the excavated books, and compared them with the contents of the classical texts. Results : The Zhushang discovered in Wushierbingfang refers to wounds caused by metal or wood. It was interesting how they created a word for diseases depending on the cause. Only Jinshang is found in Wuweihandaiyijian, and the fact that different causes gave way to different names tells us that they had corresponding treatment. The categorization of Zhushang, Jinshang, and Renshang is corresponded better in Donguibogam than Chinese medical books.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.5 no.2 s.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

This paper deals with the restoration of ancient wooden bridge foundation which excavated in Seta river Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Shiga Archeological Research started a marine archeological investigation of the bridge foundation in 1987. The bridge foundation stricture excavated and have since then recovered about a lots of woods and another materials. The bridge foundation structure constructed log, timbers and stones. The species of those waterlogged wood were identified as two types, hardwood and softwood. Hardwood(log : Cyclobalanopsis) was used for below foundation and softwood (timber' Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. Cupreessaceae) was used for base structure. One of those timber sample dated by dendrochronology, we asked Dr. Misutani*. The softwood gave a felling date of 567 A.D. In result, the ancient Seta bridge foundation structure had constructed between Asuka and Nara period. We healed the news that ancient bridge foundation excavated at Woljyongyo site in Kyongju, Korea 1987. The bridge foundation Setakarahashi is similar in plane and structure to Woljyongyo structures. The Woljyongyo site report had be of value for reference. We had planning to restore those woods. Hardwood log was got serious damage. The water content varies from 400 to $600\%$. The other timbers water content varies about $200\%$. In the Shiga Center for Archaeological Operations and the Azuchi Castle Archaeological Museum, we set up the PEG impregnation tank. Those wooden objects treated by PEG method. PEG with a molecular weight of 4000. The treatment results may be considered satisfactory. The ancient wooden Seta bridge was reconstructed in Biwako Museum which established in Oct. 1996. We must take care of indoor exhibition environments. (*Nara National Cultual Properties Research Institute).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2014

A scientific analysis of ancient textiles provides significant data to understand weaving techniques and culture of textiles in each region and charateristics of materials used at that time. In addition, species identification of waterlogged wooden objects is a scientific analysis method that allow us to verify information of relation of foreign species trade and exchange, of preferable species through kinds of wooden products, and of forest environment as well as method setting of conservation. As a result of a species analysis about historical textiles and a wooden comb in a bronze bowl that were excavated from Hapgang-ri, Dong-Myun, Yungi-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Textile1 and Textile3 are identified as Urticacese Boehmeri nivea ; ramie, Textie2 is identified as Malvaceae Gossypium herbaceum, and a wooden comb is identified as Betulaceae Betula spp. It is expected that this result will help to make further comparative studies, identifying species of textiles and trees of ancient times.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2000

24 wooden objects excavated from Daho-ri were identified into 8 categories such as Quercus spp. (37.7%), Castanea crenata (8.3%), Prunus (8.3%), Ilex (4.1%), Alnus spp. (25%), Prunus spp. (4.1%), Zelkova serrata (4.1%) and Fraxinuse (8.3%). Physical properties of the above high water content, high contraction rate and significant density reduction. As for degradation pattern, observation with polarizing microscope showed significant decrease of double reflection phenomenon in most of the excavated objects excluding vessel compared to other kinds of objects, and observation with SEM showed remarkable degradation of organization structure including the 2nd cell wall of wood. Reagent can be easily penetrated and diffused into the objects with high degradation rate, so it's beneficial to treat them with polymers such as PEG#4000(MW:3,350), but in order to prevent contraction and change in shape, high concentration of Reagent is required in treatment to hold wood organization structure.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.24
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

The identification of species, hygroscopic property, and ability of ethylene gas absorption of 23 ancient charcoals excavated from wooden coffin burials and roof-tile kilns of Chudong-ri cultural site were investigated. All of the 12 charcoals excavated from wooden coffin burials were broad-leaved trees. Among the total 12 samples, 9 samples were Lepidobalanus and others were Celtis spp.. On the other hand, other 11 charcoals from roof-tile kilns were needle-leaved tree, Pinus spp.(hard pine). The broad-leaved tree charcoals from wooden coffin burials showed a higher moisture absorption capacity than needle-leaved tree charcoals from roof-tile kilns. The ethylene gas absorption was greater in the Lepidobalanus charcoal than that of Celtis spp. and Pinus spp. (hard pine) charcoal. The broad-leaved tree charcoal having high absorption ability of substances was due to a large microporous and specific surface area. Therefore, it was estimated that broad-leaved tree charcoals were filled in order to make favorable condition in tomb. The wood quality of pine is soft and easy to burn because of low specific gravity, as well as high calorific value by resin in wood. We could assume that the pine wood was used as fuel for roof-tile kilns because of easy control of heating and thermal power.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.276-288
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• 2024

This study was conducted to reproduce the woodworking process of Baekje wooden storage facilities. Green timber of Quercus spp. was processed using ancient woodworking tools, and the tool-trace formed in this process were compared with the tool-trace of actual excavated artifacts. In the tool-trace analysis, the length and shape of the tool-trace were objectively recorded using a 3D Scan, and that were difficult to confirm with photograph were confirmed through stereoscopic microscope. As a result, there were two types of adze's tool-trace. One of them is minute straight Blade-top trace line when trimming the wood surface and the other is Plucked trace that appear when strongly chop at the wood. When a chisel bat was not used, a long and wide continuous shape blade trace was produced. And when the chisel head was struck with the chisel bat, a straight blade-top trace was regularly observed. Saw-trace was identified in several layers with fine straight stripes. Through this, it was found that the tool-trace of the woodworking tools, which is estimated to have been used in each process, and the tool-trace remaining in the Baekje wooden storage facility coincide.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2021

This study aimed to conduct tree-ring dating and analysis of the materials used for the wooden coffins excavated from the ruins of Sipjeong-dong, Incheon. The tree species for the 10 wooden coffin materials was identified as pine. For accurate tree-ring measurement, the cross section was polished using sandpaper. The annual ring width was measured with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Since the five materials were consistent with each other in dendrochronology, a representative annual ring chronology of 83 years was prepared. The prepared representative annual ring chronology was compared with the standard annual ring chronology, and the outermost ring of the wooden coffin was confirmed to correspond to the year 1575, suggesting that the wooden coffin was produced in the late 16th century. In addition, microscopic observation and FT-IR analysis revealed that the fibers attached to the surface of the wooden coffin were fibroin (Silk), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Py-GC/MS analysis showed that the paint left on the surface of the wooden coffin was lacquer.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2000

This is a case study of conservation treatment of the textiles and costumes excavated from Soonchun Park's tomb in Eumsung, North Chungcheong province. When excavated, the objects were found fairly wet and badly smelled since they decayed in wooden coffin. They were wet-treated with deionized water to remove dirt and dried at room temperature, during which the objects were blocked and flattened to keep them in shape. Silk crepeline was under-layed and stitched to the damaged areas with silk-hair threads. Each costume was individually stored in a tray made of paulownia wood and flat textiles were rolled up in paper cylinders with 6 and 10 cm in diameter. Thymol was used to prevent microorganisms.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.12-26
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• 1992

Ilsan peat-bed site, newly constructed city area, is located at the northern part of Seoul. This site is situated near the mouth of Han river, which flows through central Korea. Many fossil woods were excavated from this site, and surveyed the wood anatomical features. Totally 90 specimens were identified into 10 species including two roots and five barks which were not identified in detail. Alnus japonica and A. maxmowiczii are the most common and occupied 26. 7%, 34.4% of the total specimen number respectively, and then other species which excavated from Ilsan area are follows : Fraxinus rhynchophylla(18.9%), Lepido-balanus spp.(3.3%), Maackia amurensis(2.2%), Diospyros spp.(2.2%), Juglans mandshrica(1.1%), Prunophora spp.(1.1%), Malus or Pyrus spp.(1.1%), Rhamnus spp.(1.1%). Among the identified species there are fairly some species growing in the central - or northern temperate zone, such as A. maxmowiczii, F. rhynchophylla, Lepidobalanus spp., M. amurnsis, J. mandshurica, Rhumnus spp. Therefore, it can be estimated that the former temperature of Ilsan area was same or slightly cold than today. The species bearing fruit for food as .J, mandshunca, Diospyros spp., Prunophora spp., Mulus or Pyrus spp. were regarded as artificially planting trees, because they do not grow together in the same site.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

The gilded bronze Sarria reliquary(National Treasure No. 325-1) excavated from a five story tower in Songlim Temple is considered as a very important Sarria reliquary of Unified Silla Dynasty Kingdom along with glass Sarria containers excavated in package. It was found that this Sarria container was in a very weak condition in the conservation dept. of National Museum of Korea due to the wearing of the inside wood and the decay of the gilded bronze, so a conservation treatment was conducted by focusing on the prevention of further decay and wearing. Also because there is little information about Sarria reliquary, detailed investigation by means of precision actual measurements, microscopic examination and X-ray photography was carried out.