• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to report adverse events in Ojeok-san extract powders RCT. Methods : 180 patients with LBP were randomized into groups for a double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. They received Ojeok-san simple Extract, Ojeok-san complex Extract or placebo in powders, orally dissolved 3times a day for 4weeks. During 4weeks, we researched the symptoms and duration of adverse events and Digest ability, Milk hypersensitivity, Starch hypersensitivity, Caramel hypersensitivity, West-med hypersensitivity, Herb-med hypersensitivity in patients who had adverse events. Results : 52patients(28.9%) had adverse events and of them 44patients(28.9%) had lost adverse events naturally. But 5patients(2.8%) were withdrawn from the research because of the adverse events. Most of the symptoms of adverse event was Gastrointestinal symptom(88.3%) and adverse events frequency was not different from Ojeok-san simple Extract, Ojeok-san complex Extract and placebo. Conclusions : Ojeok-san extract powders had adverse events no different from the placebo, which shows that it is a safe drug.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.956-966
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the comparative between depression and stress related to life events among women in the menopausal stage. Menopausal stages were divided into two groups: Pre and post-menopausal stages. The degree of depression and stress related to life events between pre and post menopausal women were compared to each other. Women, aged between 41 and 59 years, answered self-reported questionnaires which included Zung's depression scale and life events scale modified by Lee (1984). Findings were as follows; 1) The mean score of premenopausal women who experienced depression was 39.66, and for post-menopausal women the score was 41.45. There was no significant differences in depression levels between pre and post menopausal group.s (t=-1.55, p=.122). 2) Menopausal women experienced low levels of stress related to life events. There were no significant differences between pre and post menopausal groups(t=.527, p>.05). Both pre and post menopausal groups were highly concerned about education issues of their children and disharmony between couples. 3) There was a significant relationship between depression and stress related to life events among post-menopausal groups (r=.22, p<.01). Based on the findings of this study, the menopausal depression was associated with stress related to life events, especially among post-menopausal women. Feelings of lost fertility and feminine attributies result in menopausal depression, which is significantly correlated with women's negative perception of their life events. Therefore, nursing intervention needs to develop to help reduce the levels of depression and overcome their negative perception of the menopausal experience. Nurses should develop nursing strategies to help menopausal women to have positive perceptions and enhance quality of life by assisting their adaptability to physiological and psychological changes related to menopause.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2017

To distinguish between high particulate matter (HPM) and light Asian dust (LAD) events, aerosol optical properties from GOCI were investigated in Seoul from 2014 to 2016. The poor air quality case caused by fine atmospheric particulate matter (i.e., 80<$PM_{10}$<$400{\mu}g/m^3$) is clearly separated from the case of heavy Asian dust that generally shows the $PM_{10}$ concentration more than $400{\mu}g/m^3$. In this study, we have found eight cases for the poor air quality and divided them into the two events(i.e., HPM and LAD). In case of aerosol optical depth (AOD), there was no big difference between two events. However, Angstrom exponent (AE) for HPM events was greater than 1, while that for LAD events less than 1. As a result of comparing aerosol type, non-absorbing fine mode aerosols were dominant for HPM events, but coarse and absorbing coarse mode aerosols for LAD events. Therefore, AE and aerosol type from GOCI can be used to distinguish between two events effectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Objectives: The use of administrative data is an affordable alternative to conducting a difficult large-scale medical-record review to estimate the scale of adverse events. We identified adverse events from 2002 to 2013 on the national level in Korea, using International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) Y codes. Methods: We used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). We relied on medical treatment databases to extract information on ICD-10 Y codes from each participant in the NHIS-NSC. We classified adverse events in the ICD-10 Y codes into 6 types: those related to drugs, transfusions, and fluids; those related to vaccines and immunoglobulin; those related to surgery and procedures; those related to infections; those related to devices; and others. Results: Over 12 years, a total of 20 817 adverse events were identified using ICD-10 Y codes, and the estimated total adverse event rate was 0.20%. Between 2002 and 2013, the total number of such events increased by 131.3%, from 1366 in 2002 to 3159 in 2013. The total rate increased by 103.9%, from 0.17% in 2002 to 0.35% in 2013. Events related to drugs, transfusions, and fluids were the most common (19 446, 93.4%), followed by those related to surgery and procedures (1209, 5.8%) and those related to vaccines and immunoglobulin (72, 0.3%). Conclusions: Based on a comparison with the results of other studies, the total adverse event rate in this study was significantly underestimated. Improving coding practices for ICD-10 Y codes is necessary to precisely monitor the scale of adverse events in Korea.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2015

Forbush Decreases (FD) are transient, sudden reductions of cosmic ray (CR) intensity lasting a few days, to a week. Such events are observed globally using ground neutron monitors (NMs). Most studies of FD events indicate that an FD event is observed simultaneously at NM stations located all over the Earth. However, using statistical analysis, previous researchers verified that while FD events could occur simultaneously, in some cases, FD events could occur non-simultaneously. Previous studies confirmed the statistical reality of non-simultaneous FD events and the mechanism by which they occur, using data from high-latitude and middle-latitude NM stations. In this study, we used long-term data (1971-2006) from middle-latitude NM stations (Irkutsk, Climax, and Jungfraujoch) to enhance statistical reliability. According to the results from this analysis, the variation of cosmic ray intensity during the main phase, is larger (statistically significant) for simultaneous FD events, than for non-simultaneous ones. Moreover, the distribution of main-phase-onset time shows differences that are statistically significant. While the onset times for the simultaneous FDs are distributed evenly over 24-hour intervals (day and night), those of non-simultaneous FDs are mostly distributed over 12-hour intervals, in daytime. Thus, the existence of the two kinds of FD events, according to differences in their statistical properties, were verified based on data from middle-latitude NM stations.

• 한국과학예술포럼
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• 제27권
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• pp.231-246
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• 2017

본 연구는 컨벤션행사의 지속가능성, 브랜드자산, 고객 충성도 간의 관계를 탐색하고자 하며 브랜드자산 요인이 지속가능성과 충성도 사이 미치는 매개역할을 검증하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 지속가능성은 경제적, 사회적, 환경적, 행사적 4가지 요인들로 도출되었고 브랜드자산은 수행력, 사회적 이미지, 가치, 신뢰애착 5 가지 요인들로 분석되었다. 가설검증 결과는 (1)지속가능성요인들이 브랜드자산에 부분적으로 유의하고; (2)지속가능성요인들이 고객 충성도에 유의하며; (3)사회적 이미지와 애착이 고객 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 검증되었다; (4)브랜드자산은 지속가능성과 충성도 사이에서 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과는 컨벤션행사의 지속가능성에 대한 새로운 구조의 형성에 기여하면서 컨벤션 기획자들이 향후 한국 컨벤션 브랜드자산을 제고할 수 있는 단서를 제공하는 데 기여할 것으로 유추된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 활주로 건설공사에서 수집된 공사비 내역서, 설계변경 자료 등을 근거로 발생된 위험사건(위험항목)으로 인하여 변동된 공사금액을 산정하고 위험사건이 발생하게 된 원인에 따라 사업참여기관별로 손실비용을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구를 수행한 결과, 위험사건은 12건이며, 증액된 총 공사금액은 726백만원으로 발주기관이 부담하여야 하는 금액은 약 52.57%, 건설사는 약 47.43%로 산정되었다. 또한, 계약금액의 직접공사비 149억원 대비 증액된 공사금액은 약 4.86%이며, 토공사로 분류된 위험사건에 따라 증액된 공사금액은 토공사의 직접공사비 대비 약 5.29% 그리고 건축공사로 분류된 위험사건에 따라 증액된 공사금액은 건축공사의 직접공사비 대비 약 4.04%에 해당하는 것으로 도출되었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2023

Background: Using KIDS-KAERS database (KIDS-KD) from 2016 to 2020, the aim is to investigate signals of adverse events of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and to present adverse events that are not included in the precautions for use when marketing approval. Methods: This study was conducted by disproportionality analysis. Data mining analysis was performed to detect signals of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, such as terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin, silodosin, and tamsulosin. The signal was defined by three criteria as proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC). Detected signals were compared with product labeling and the European Medicines Agency-Important Medical Events list. Results: Out of the total number of 408,077 reports for adverse events, 6,750 cases were reported as adverse events of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. Dizziness, mouth dryness, hypotension postural, and oedema peripheral are identified as common adverse events of five alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and are typically listed on drug labels. However, new signals were detected for pneumonia, chronic obstructive airway disease, eye diseases such as glaucoma and cataracts, fracture, and ileus of tamsulosin that were not previously listed on the drug labels in Korea. Conclusions: This study identified signals related to adverse drug reactions of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and presented serious adverse events, suggesting new adverse reactions to be aware of when using alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists.

• 한국광과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광과학회 1996년도 학술대회지
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• pp.22-22
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• 1996

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.414-429
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• 1990

Numerous research reports have substantiated the role of stressful life events in relation to the onset of health changes. The relationship tends to hold across different age groups. Theoretically, adolescence has been considered a developmental crisis period of great stress, impoverished coping skills and high vulnerability to biological, social and psychological demands. The research problem addressed by this study was to examine the relationships between stressful life events and health symptom patterns, and the effect of two variables, coping and social, support, theoretically considered to mediate the relationship between stress and health symptoms in adolescents. The following five hypotheses were tested in this research : 1. Health symptoms are positively related to stressful life events in adolescents, 2. Health symptoms are negatively related to coping in adolescents, 3. Health symptoms are negatively related to social support in adolescents, 4. When coping is controlled, the relationship between health symptoms and stressful life events will decrease, and 5. When social support is controlled, the relationship between health symptoms and stressful life events will increase. The study subjects consisted of 1090 high school students of the metropolitan city of Seoul. The following sampling procedure was used : 1. Of the 169 high schools in nine school administrative districts in the city, a proportional sample of ten schools was selected. 2. One class from each of the freshman and sophomore was randomly selected and all the students who were in the sampled class were used as the study sample. The study was limited to freshman and sophomore adolescents, aged 15 to 18(mean＝16.6). Of the 1090 subjects 688(63%) were boys and 402(37%) were girls. An Adolescent Inventory of Stressful Life Events, a Health Symptom Questionnaire and an Adolescent Coping Inventory were adapted for this study. The Norbeck Social Support questionnaire was utilized to collect the data on perceived social support. Five high school teachers in the areas of school health and counselling reviewed the items of each questionnaire for content validity. A pilot study was undertaken to ascertain reliability. Fifty three high school students responded to the questionnaires and gave their opinions on the items. For stressful life events, health symptoms, coping, and social support, the Cronbach's alpha's on the study were .70, .94, .77, and .76, respectively. Research assistants attended all the sampled classes with the school proctor to explain the purpose and procedures of the study to the students. The questionnaires along with a ballpoint pen were distributed to the students who were asked to complete each item. The research assistants left the ballpoint pen with the students as a gift for their cooperation. An average of 50 minutes was required to complete the questionnaires. Using an SPSS, the first, three hypotheses were tested using Gamma, a measure of association for ordinal variables. Partial gamma was used to test the fourth and fifth hypotheses. Patterns of elaboration described by Babbie were selected to interpret the relationship of the three variable analyses. The significance of gamma was determined by Chisquare at a .05 level of significance. There was a positive relationship between health symptoms and stressful life events(Gamma＝.35, p＝.000). Thus the first hypothesis was supported. Unexpectedly, coping was positively related with health symptoms(Gamma＝.13, p＝.000). That is, the higher the coping levels, the greater number of health problems. The third hypothesis, the higher the level of social support, the fewer the health symptoms, was not accepted in this adolescent study group. When coping was controlled, under the condition of low coping the association between health symptoms and stressful life events increased significantly to a partial gamma of .39, and under the condition of high coping it was .30. According to the elaboration model, when one partial relationship is the same or greater than the original and the other is smaller, the control variable should be considered to be specifying the conditions. When social support was controlled the relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms increased under the condition of low social support, but with high social support, the relationship decreased. Both partial gamma were statistically significant at .05 level(.43 and .26 relatively). It can be interpreted that stressful life events are strongly and positively related to health symptoms under the condition of low social support, however this relationship can not be expected with high social support. Thus, the last two hypotheses were conditionally sustained. In this study, the relationships between stressful life events and health symptoms, and the specified me diating roles of coping and social support were found to have statistical interaction. This finding supports the theoretical position of this study. It suggests that stressful life events would create high susceptability to biological social and psychological health symptoms and coping and social support buffering the relationship between stressful life events and health symptom. The findings of this study have implications for nursing practice. When adolescents are confronted with non-developmental life events that are perceived as stressful, nurses should recognize the evidence of the stress-buffering effect of coping and social support on health symptoms and utilize the diverse sources of social support that are readily available to adolescents.