• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1909-1916
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• 2007

This study compared the growth performance and carcass evaluation of Jeju native cattle (JNC) and its crossbreds (CBK = 25 JNC:50 Charolais:25 Brahman and BCBK = 62.5 JNC:25 Charolais:12.5 Brahman). Eight male calves of each JNC, CBK and BCBK were weaned at 4 month of age and were fed for 24 months of age. All animals grazed a pasture between 5 to 10 months of age then they were fed growing ration at the rate of 1.5% of their BW along with ad libitum supply of Italian ryegrass hay between 11 to 16 months of age and thereafter switched to ad libitum feeding of finishing ration and hay between 17 to 24 months of age. Mean body weight (BW) and BW gain were higher in CBK compared with BCBK and JNC at 4, 10, 16 and 24 months of age. Average daily BW gain during 4 to 10 months of age was the highest for CBK followed by BCBK and JNC. However, daily BW gain was higher in BCBK than in CBK and JNC during 11 and 16 months of age. During fattening period (17 to 24 months) average daily BW gain was higher in JNC than in CBK and BCBK. Slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight were higher in CBK compared with JNC and BCBK. Weight of bones, boneless meat, ribs, excluded rib meat, retailed cut meat, tender loin, sir loin, strip loin, sticking, top round, bottom round, fore leg, shank, and thin-flank were higher in CBK than in BCBK and JNC. Fat weight in these carcass cuts and kidney fat was similar in JNC and its crossbreds. Logissimus dorsi and its ratio were higher in CBK compared with BCBK and JNC. Percent moisture, crude protein, and ash contents of beef were similar in JNC and its crossbreds. Percent beef fat was higher in JNC and BCBK than in CBK. Cooking loss and water holding capacity of beef was similar in JNC and its crossbreds. Sheer force was lower in BCBK compared with JNC and CBK. Juiciness, tenderness and flavor of beef were higher in BCBK compared with JNC and CBK. In conclusion, CBK has shown higher growth rate and produced heavier carcasses with good degree of fatness compared with JNC and BCBK. However, fattening for longer period could increase the maintenance cost in CBK and BCBK because of their higher BW which they attained during growing period.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.383-393
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• 2011

Objectives : This study has been undertaken for the purpose of finding out what influence is made by the dental care service provided to patients by the dental clinics to the level of patient satisfaction to provide the base data for developing and improving the dental care service of dental hygienist. Methods : The survey was undertaken for 500 patients visiting 18 dental clinics in City G and the questionnaire was undertaken for two weeks in May 2010, and 473 copies were analyzed with the exception of the questionnaires with many omissions in the response. Results : 1. Distribution of the level of satisfaction for patient had the dentist factor which was highest in the dentist factor for 4.43 at the age of 60s (p<0.05). and in sole proprietorship for 4.49 (p<0.01). treatment procedure factor which was highest in sole proprietorship for 4.16 (p<0.001). environment of dental clinic factor which was highest at the age of 60 years or older for 4.36 (p<0.05) and in sole proprietorship for 4.14 (p<0.01). 2. Evaluation on the quality of the dental care service of dental hygienist had the kindness of dental hygienists which was highest at the age of 60 years or older for 4.40(p<0.001), knowledge factor of dental hygienist which was highest for 4.34 at the age of 60 years or older (p<0.05) and highest 4.27 for visit dentists(p<0.001) and the patient management and other factor was highest at the age of 60s for 4.47 (p<0.05), and in sole proprietorship for 4.28 (p<0.05). 3. Factors influencing on the level of satisfaction for patient. The level of satisfaction for patient was higher for higher evaluation of the dentist quality (p<0.001), for feeling convenient in treatment procedure and use (p<0.01), for feeling kindness of the dental hygienist (p<0.01), and for higher evaluation in patient management and other management activities of the dental hygienist (p<0.001). Conclusions : In order to heighten the level of satisfaction for patient, it would be necessary to strengthen the kindness and patient management aspect on the patients of the dental hygienist, and it would require to heighten the quality of dentist as patients recognize and heighten the treatment procedure and service convenience of dental clinics.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2005

국내 시장에 유통 중인 국내 및 수입산 냉장$\cdot$냉동 삼겹살의 관능적 품질 특성을 조사하기 위하여 총 12종의 수입산 및 국내산 삼겹살을 구입, 연령 및 성별로 구분된 60명의 관능 검사 요원을 대상으로 조사하고 분석하였다. 냉동 삼겹살의 경우, 풍미, 맛 및 연도에서는 처리구별 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 다즙성 및 기호도에서는 국내산 냉동 삼겹살에 비해 수입산 냉동 삼겹살을 더욱 선호하였으며 (p<0.001) 특히, 북미산 냉동 삼겹살에 대한 기호도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 연령에 따른 조사 결과 역시, 국내산보다는 수입산 냉동 삼겹살에 대한 선호도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 국내산 냉장 삼겹살과 수입산 냉동 삼겹살의 검사결과의 경우, 국내산 D산의 냉장 삼겹살보다는 수입산 냉동 삼겹살을 더욱 선호하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 그러나 국내산C사의 경우에는 기호도면에서 북미산과는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나(p>0.05), EU산보다는 높은 기호도를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 또한, 연령에 따른 조사 결과에 의하면 20대의 경우에는 국내산 C사의 냉장 삼겹살을, 30, 40대의 경우에는 북미산 냉동 삼겹살에 대한 선호도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil inclusion on the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents and organoleptic characteristics of breast meat in mule ducks. Three hundred mule ducks at four weeks of age were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with five replicate pens in each. One replicate pen had ten males and females each with a total of 100 ducks in each treatment. The diet in the three treatments contained 0, 1.5, and 3.0% fish oil, respectively. Body weights at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age, and feed efficiency at 4 to 6, 6 to 8, and 8 to 10 weeks of age were recorded. At 10 weeks of age, one male and one female from each replicate were sacrificed for oxidative stability of breast meat and the sacrificed males were employed for the analysis of fatty acids in breast meat and skin. Sensory evaluation of breast meat was also performed. A level of 3.0% fish oil in the diet significantly deteriorated feed efficiency and body weight gain. Dietary fish oil inclusion had a trend of increasing abdominal fat deposition and decreasing the flavor of breast meat. The EPA and DHA contents in the breast meat were higher than those in the breast skin irrespective of oil sources. The EPA and DHA contents in breast meat and breast skin was significantly increased in the 3.0% fish oil group. Although EPA and DHA were not efficiently deposited in the duck meat through dietary fish oil inclusion, this method can still provide a partial supplementation of EPA and DHA.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2013

Background: This study designed to evaluate the homogeneity of Korean diagnosis related group (KDRG) version 3.4 classification system. Methods: The total 5,921,873 claims data submitted to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service during 2010 were used. Both coefficient of variation (CV) and reduction in variance of cost were measured for evaluation. This analysis was divided into before and after trimming outliers at the level of adjacent DRG (ADRG), aged ADRG (AADRG) split by age, and DRG split by complication and comorbidity. Results: At the each three level of ADRG, AADRG, and DRG, there were 38.9%, 38.7%, and 30.0% of which had a CV > 100% in the untrimmed data and there were 1.4%, 1.4%, and 1.9% in the trimmed one. Before trimming outliers, ADRGs explained 52.5% of the variability in resource use, AADRGs did 53.1% and DRGs did 57.1%. The additional explanatory power by age and comorbidity and complication (CC) split were 0.6%p and 4.6%p for each, which were statistically significant. After trimming outliers, ADRGs explained 75.2% of the variability in resource use, AADRGs did 75.6%, and DRGs did 77.1%. The additional explanatory power were 0.4%p and 2.0%p for each, which were statistically significant too. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that KDRG showed high homogeneity within groups and performance after trimming outliers. But there were DRGs CV > 100% after age or CC split and the most contributing factor to high performance of KDRG was the ADRG rather than age or CC split. Therefore, it is recommended that the efforts for improving clinical homogeneity of KDRG such as review of the hierarchical structure of classification systems and classification variables.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2018

Alterations in sulfur amino acid metabolism are associated with an increased risk of a number of common late-life diseases, which raises the possibility that metabolism of sulfur amino acids may change with age. The present study was conducted to understand the age-related changes in hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acids in 2-, 6-, 18- and 30-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. For this purpose, metabolite profiling of sulfur amino acids from methionine to taurine or glutathione (GSH) was performed. The levels of sulfur amino acids and their metabolites were not significantly different among 2-, 6- and 18-month-old mice, except for plasma GSH and hepatic homocysteine. Plasma total GSH and hepatic total homocysteine levels were significantly higher in 2-month-old mice than those in the other age groups. In contrast, 30-month-old mice exhibited increased hepatic methionine and cysteine, compared with all other groups, but decreased hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine and homocysteine, relative to 2-month-old mice. No differences in hepatic reduced GSH, GSH disulfide, or taurine were observed. The hepatic changes in homocysteine and cysteine may be attributed to upregulation of cystathionine ${\beta}-synthase$ and down-regulation of ${\gamma}-glutamylcysteine$ ligase in the aged mice. The elevation of hepatic cysteine levels may be involved in the maintenance of hepatic GSH levels. The opposite changes of methionine and SAM suggest that the regulatory role of SAM in hepatic sulfur amino acid metabolism may be impaired in 30-month-old mice.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

Cerebral vasoreactivity is an index of autoregulation of cerebral perfusion, and can be measured using functional images such as Xe CT, SPECT and PET in reponse to hypercapneic stimulus. In order to measure cerebral $CO_2$ vasoreactivity in routine TCD study conveniently and reliably, we devised a method of rebreathing into closed volume of reservoir bag as a hypercapneic stimulus, and applied it to 44 healthy volunteers. As a hypercapneic stimulus, we applied fitting mask connected with closed reservoir bag for about 90 seconds, and mean blood flow velocity(MBFV) and pulsatility index(PI) were evaluated at proximal middle cerebral arteries(MCA) of 50-55 mm depth, before and after the hypercapneic stimulus. Age affected the MFV and PI value showed significant and the MFV was 56.45(SD=9.75)cm/sec, while PI was 0.406(SD=0.089). As age increases the flow velocity decreased significantly whereas PI value increased(P<0.05). The vasoreactvity significantly decreased with age(P<0.05). The decrease of cerebral blood flow quantity and cerebral blood flow velocity is not only because of increase of diameter of cerebrovascular resulting from aging, but the resistance increase of small blood vessel resulting from the increase of PI & RI value is regarded. We suppose that the rebreathing method is a reliable and convenient technique as a hypercapneic stimulus in determining cerebral $CO_2$ vasoreactivity. The rebreathing method could be non-invasive and useful methods in estimation of the cerebrovascular reactivity and could be applied to the basal and follow-up evaluation of the cerebrovascular reserve of the ischemic stroke patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2016

Purpose: We investigated the number of test takers of the Korean-Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) in a single children's hospital within a year, according to age, referral rate, and follow-up percentage. Methods: For this study, 4,062 children who visited and received K-DST at Woorisoa Children's Hospital between January and December 2015 were enrolled. Seven test sets were used according to the Korean National Health Screening Program for infants and children in the following age groups: 4 to 6, 9 to 12, 18 to 24, 30 to 36, 42 to 48, 54 to 60, and 66 to 71 months. The results of the K-DST were categorized into 4 groups as follows: further evaluation (<-2 standard deviation [-2SD]), follow-up test (-2SD to -1SD), peer level (-1SD to 1SD), and high level (>1SD). Results: The test participants' population and follow-up population were concentrated before the age of 24 months (2,532, 62.3%). The children most commonly referred for further evaluation were those in the 30- to 41-month age group. A mismatch was found between the results of the K-DST and the additional questions. Most of the infants and children with suspicious developmental delays showed catch-up development in their follow-up tests (43 of 55, 78.2%). Conclusion: The use of K-DST should be encouraged, especially among children aged over 24 months. Multiple-choice question format for the additional questions is recommended to avoid confusion. We suggest a nationwide study to evaluate and revise the K-DST.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.183-184
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 초기재령에 다양한 요인에 의해 발생될 수 있는 콘크리트 균열에 대하여 중성화 평가방법을 제시하고, 균열의 크기에 따른 중성화 침투깊이를 비교하고자 한다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.332-337
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• 2005

In order to investigate performance changes, the acceleration, vibration, and braking performance tests were carried out on the electric multiple units (EMUs) with over 20 years operation. According to the testing results, in vibration and braking performance, the similar performance results were obtained as compared with newly manufactured EMUs. However, in terms of acceleration performance, below reference value (3.0 km/h/s) has been obtained. This is mainly due to performance deterioration including traction motor. The precision diagnosis evaluation of deteriorated EMUs will be provided through the overall evaluation of corrosion testing and structural performance of car body.