• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract for assessing whether Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ can be used for the development of natural mouthwash and denture cleaning solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The extract was obtained from branches of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$. The solvent fractions were acquired by fractionating Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol solvent. Paper disc test was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract and solvent fractions against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The analysis of antioxidant activity was carried out through DPPH radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract was analyzed through MTT assay using normal human oral keratinocytes. RESULTS. Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and especially Candida albicans. The solvent fractions of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ showed strong antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in n-hexane and butanol solvent fraction, respectively. Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract also showed outstanding antioxidant activity. Butanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvent fraction of Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ tended to have increased antioxidant activity as the concentration increased. Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract showed high cell survival rate in cytotoxicity test. CONCLUSION. Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ extract turned out to have antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytophilicity. Based on these results, it is expected that Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ is applicable as an ingredient for natural mouthwash and denture cleanser.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 2013

In our previous studies, the antioxidant, anti-aging, and antibacterial activities of Artemisia princeps Pampnini (A. princeps Pamp.) extract were reported. In this study, ethosome formulations for the enhanced transdermal delivery of A. princeps Pamp. extract were prepared. The particle size, loading efficiency and skin permeation of them were evaluated. The ethosome loaded with 0.06% ethyl acetate fraction of A. princeps Pamp. extract was more stable and maintained the constant particle size for 3 weeks after being prepared. The particle size of ethosome containing 0.06% ethyl acetate fraction was $287.05{\pm}0.25nm$ and the loading efficiency was $51.96{\pm}0.01%$. The ethosome formulation exhibited the greater enhancement of skin permeation than of general liposome and 20% ethanol solution in skin permeability experiments.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2015

Allium hookeri (Liliaceae), native to India is widely cultivated in Korea lately as a medicinal plant. This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant and lifespan extending effects of the root of A. hookeri. Methanol extract from the root of A. hookeri was successively partitioned as methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and H₂O soluble fractions. Antioxidant effects of the fractions were measured by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide quenching activities. Lifespan extending effects of the fractions were investigated using Caenorhabditis elegans model system. In addition, stress resistant, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also studied. Furthermore, we had investigated aging-related factors such as reproduction, food intake, growth and movement of C. elegans to find any sample-induced significant change. Our results revealed that ethyl acetate soluble fraction from the root of A. hookeri showed the most potent antioxidant and lifespan extending effects, and this fraction elevated the most potent SOD and catalase activities of worms, and reduce intracellular ROS accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2015

Recently, many studies have focused on the aging and oxidative stress. Several papers reported that Vigna angularis has various biological properties including antiaging, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Methanol extract from the red bean sprouts was successively partitioned as n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and H₂O soluble fractions. We had studied lifespan extending and stress resistant effects of the fractions using Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also investigated. Moreover, we had studied to find any significant change in aging-related factors such as reproduction, food intake, growth and movement of C. elegans. Our results represent that ethyl acetate fraction showed the most potent lifespan extending and stress resistant effects, and this fraction was able to elevate SOD and catalase activities of worms, and reduce intracellular ROS accumulation.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2008

Butea frondosa has been used traditionally as a topical formulation in the treatment of many diseases and disorders. Two compounds [BF-1 (crystalline flavonol quercetin) and BF-2 (tannin) from ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract] were isolated from the bark of Butea frondosa. The stereostructures of the compounds were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. BF-1 and BF-2 were screened in vitro for possible antibacterial property against 112 bacteria comprising 3 genera of Gram-positive and 12 genera of Gram-negative types. It was found that both BF-1 and BF-2 exhibited inhibitory activity against several bacteria. Most of these strains were inhibited by BF-1 at $50-200\;{\mu}g/ml$, while BF-2 ($MIC_{50}$ $400\;{\mu}g/ml$) was much less active. The bacteria could be arranged in the decreasing order of sensitivity towards BF-1 in the following manner: S. aureus, Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Shigella spp., E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. The $MIC_{50}$ of the compound was $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ while the $MIC_{90}$ was $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. The decreasing order of sensitivity towards BF-2 was V. cholerae, Bacillus spp., S. aureus, V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp. and Proteus spp. BF-1 was bactericidal in action. In vivo studies with this extract showed that it could offer statistically significant protection (p < 0.01) to mice challenged with a virulent bacterium. The inhibitory activity of Butea frondosa against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria indicates its usefulness in the treatment of common bacterial infections. The potentiality of BF-1 as an antibacterial agent may be confirmed further by pharmacological studies.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2007

Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae) is an oriental medicinal herb distributed in China and Taiwan, and its heartwood has been traditionally used as an analgesic, a therapy for thrombosis or tumor. This study was to investigate the proliferation and inhibition effects of Caesalpinia sappan extracts against human epithelial cell and cancer cell lines. The methanol extract of dried C. sappan heartwood was evaporated (KS-6), and then sequentially extracted by hexane (KS-01), chloroform (KS-02), ethyl acetate (KS-03), n-butanol (KS-04), and water (KS-05). After 48 hr of exposure, these fractions at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ significantly increased, and reduced cell proliferation in both human normal epithelial and cancer cell lines. The ethyl acetate fraction (KS-03) among organic solvent fractions was 120.2% of the most proliferation activity ($50{\mu}g/ml$) against HaCaT human epithelial cell. However, fractions from chloroform, butanolic and methanolic extract had 7.2, 28.7 and 20.8% of antiproliferative effect on HaCaT cell, respectively. In cell proliferation effects of C. sappan extract on HeLa, SiHa and C33A human cervical cancer cells, chloroform fraction (KS-2) was the most antiproliferative activity, its antiproliferative rate (dosage, $50{\mu}g/ml$) relative to control was 25.8, 12.2 and 17.4% for SiHa, HeLa and C33A, respectively. The results indicated that the six extract fractions could induce cell cycle stimulate or arrest in some way. Finally, further investigation is needed to assess the molecular mechanisms mediated anticancer activities of this plant.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2014

Ark shell (Scapharca broughtonii; Korean name, pijogae) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed shellfishes in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of ark shell. After preparing the methanol extract of ark shell powder, the extract was subsequently fractionated by hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and water. The antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power was relatively higher in the water fraction; however, the activity was spread out in all fractions. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was the highest in the diethyl ether fraction. Taken together with the results of both antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, it can be suggested that different kinds of physiological compounds were contained in the ark shell.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1074-1079
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• 2006

As part of our research on phytochemicals that exert protective effects against diseases related to reactive nitrogen species, we have evaluated the scavenging activity of the yellow leaves of Ginkgo biloba on $ONOO^{-}$. The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction obtained from yellow leaves of G. biloba evidenced a marked scavenging activity on authentic $ONOO^{-}$. Repeated column chromatography of the active ethyl acetate soluble fraction on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-18, resulted in the purification of 15 known compounds, including sciadopitysin (1), ginkgolide B (2), bilobalide (3), isoginkgetin (4), kaempferol (5), luteolin (6), protocatechuic acid (7), bilobetin (8), amentoflavone (9), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ glucopyranoside (10), kaempferol 3-O-rhamnopyranoside (11), kaempferol 3-O-glucopyranoside (12), kaempferol $3-O-[{6^{'}-O-p-coumaroyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranoside]$ (13), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (14), and 6-hydroxykynurenic acid (15). Among the compounds isolated, flavonoids (5, 6 and 11-14), protocatechuic acid (7), and 6-hydroxykynurenic acid (15) all exhibited marked scavenging activities on authentic $ONOO^{-}$. The $IC_{50}$ values of 5-7, 11-14 and 15 were as follows: $2.86{\pm}0.70,\;2.30{\pm}0.04,\;2.85{\pm}0.10,\;5.60{\pm}0.47,\;4.16{\pm}1.65,\;2.47{\pm}0.15,\;3.02{\pm}0.48,\;and\;6.24{\pm}0.27\;{\mu}M$, respectively. DL-Penicillamine ($IC_{50}=4.98{\pm}0.27\;{\mu}M$) was utilized as a positive control. However, the other compounds (1-4, 8-10) exerted no effects against $ONOO^{-}$.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to measure the antioxidant activity of yacon root and to manufacture yacon pickles for commercialization as a functional food. The total phenol content in yacon roots were the highest, 29.96 mg GAE/ 100 g, in the ethyl acetate fraction and the DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 37.07%, and 91.60%, respectively, in the ethyl acetate fraction. The optimum recipe for the pickling solution was determined to be vinegar, water and high fructose corn syrup, at 34%, 22% and 44%, respectively. The quality characteristics of yacon pickles using this solution were monitored during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ for 43 days. The pH value decreased to 2.98 (42 days) during storage and $^{\circ}Brix$ gradually increased during storage. The L-value decreased significantly during storage but there were no significant changes detected in the a and b values. No significant changes were detected in the hardness of the yacon pickles. According to the sensory evaluation, no significant changes in taste, texture and overall acceptance of yacon pickle were observed during storage. These results indicated that yacon was an excellent functional food in terms of its antioxidant activity and that pickling might be a promising methods to maintain the taste and quality of yacon during storage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 2012

The antioxidant substance in black onion was identified. The assays that used 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazo line-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radicals showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of black onion methanol extract had a higher level of radical-scavenging activity than the other fractions. Two antioxidative compounds were purified and isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction via column chromatographies of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 using the guided DPPH radical-scavenging assay. The isolated compounds were identified as 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1) and quercetin (2) based on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The isolated compounds showed a high level of DPPH and ABTS+ radical-scavenging activity. Compound 2 had a higher level of radical-scavenging activity than 1.