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In Vitro Peroxynitrite Scavenging Activity of 6-Hydroxykynurenic Acid and Other Flavonoids from Gingko biloba Yellow Leaves  

Hyun, Sook-Kyung (Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University)
Jung, Hyun-Ah (Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University)
Chung, Hae-Young (College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University)
Choi, Jae-Sue (Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University)
Publication Information
Archives of Pharmacal Research / v.29, no.12, 2006 , pp. 1074-1079 More about this Journal
Abstract
As part of our research on phytochemicals that exert protective effects against diseases related to reactive nitrogen species, we have evaluated the scavenging activity of the yellow leaves of Ginkgo biloba on $ONOO^{-}$. The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction obtained from yellow leaves of G. biloba evidenced a marked scavenging activity on authentic $ONOO^{-}$. Repeated column chromatography of the active ethyl acetate soluble fraction on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-18, resulted in the purification of 15 known compounds, including sciadopitysin (1), ginkgolide B (2), bilobalide (3), isoginkgetin (4), kaempferol (5), luteolin (6), protocatechuic acid (7), bilobetin (8), amentoflavone (9), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ glucopyranoside (10), kaempferol 3-O-rhamnopyranoside (11), kaempferol 3-O-glucopyranoside (12), kaempferol $3-O-[{6^{ (13), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (14), and 6-hydroxykynurenic acid (15). Among the compounds isolated, flavonoids (5, 6 and 11-14), protocatechuic acid (7), and 6-hydroxykynurenic acid (15) all exhibited marked scavenging activities on authentic $ONOO^{-}$. The $IC_{50}$ values of 5-7, 11-14 and 15 were as follows: $2.86{\pm}0.70,\;2.30{\pm}0.04,\;2.85{\pm}0.10,\;5.60{\pm}0.47,\;4.16{\pm}1.65,\;2.47{\pm}0.15,\;3.02{\pm}0.48,\;and\;6.24{\pm}0.27\;{\mu}M$, respectively. DL-Penicillamine ($IC_{50}=4.98{\pm}0.27\;{\mu}M$) was utilized as a positive control. However, the other compounds (1-4, 8-10) exerted no effects against $ONOO^{-}$.
Keywords
Ginkgo biloba; Peroxynitrite; Biflavonoids; Flavonol glycosides; Terpenoids; Protocatechuic acid; 6-Hydroxykynurenic acid;
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Times Cited By Web Of Science : 9  (Related Records In Web of Science)
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