• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.31-36
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• 2019

Objectives : In this animal study, we performed the single oral dose toxicity test of Standardized Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and Psoralea corylifolia L. 30% ethanol extract (SCP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats owing to aims for verifying approximate lethal dose (ALD). Methods : According to OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals section 4 health effects test No. 420 acute oral toxicity study - fixed dose procedure (17 December 2001), single oral dose toxicity test was performed. Animals were divided into two groups: Group 1, vehicle-treated rats (Control); Group 2, SCP 5000 mg/kg treated rats. SCP is composed of two medicinal herbs: Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (650 g) and Psoralea corylifolia L. (350 g) in 30% ethanol. SCP was once orally administered to female and male SD rats at dose levels of 5000 mg/kg. Animals were monitored on the mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and necropsy findings for 14 days. Results : After single oral treatment of SCP, we could not find any mortality up to 5000 mg/kg. Compared with the control group, there were also no significant differences in clinical sign, weight change, weight gain and gross abnormalities in SCP 5000 mg/kg-treated group. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that the ALD of SCP in both female and male SD rats were considered as over 5000 mg/kg. Results from this study provide scientific evidence for the safety of SCP.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2008

The hepatoprotective effects of the water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HD) were investigated in vitro. Following the induction of hepatotoxicity by ethanol in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, the protective effects of four different water extracts of HD were determined through serial dose-response and time-dependent studies. The individual extracts used in these studies were prepared from fruits, seeds, leaves and tubes. Treatment of hepatocyte cultures with the water extracts of HD provided a significant protection from the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity induced by ethanol. Particularly, the fruits extract was the most effective against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in the primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The results demonstrated that the extracts might have the protective effect against ethanol-induced toxicity in hepatocyte cultures.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2008

The authors screened the pharmacological effects of 50% ethanol extracts of Yacon on spermatogenesis in rats. Numbers of sperm in animals treated with 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks of Yacon tuber extracts (YTE) were approximately 1.51, 1.61 and 1.78 times higher, respectively, than in the untreated control group. Moreover, the spermatogenic effect of Yacon leaf extract was found to be $1.03{\sim}1.38$ times higher than that of YTE. The ameliorative effect of Yacon tuber extracts on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced toxicities in the rat were also investigated. Rats were assigned to three groups (6 rats/group), a control group, a TCDD exposed group, and a group treated with Yacon tuber extract (YTE) after TCDD exposure (TCDD/YTE group). 40 ${\mu}g/kg$ of TCDD was injected i.p., and 200 mg/kg/day of YTE was also administered for 4 weeks by oral gavage. The TCDD/YTE group showed a significant increase in sperm number as compared with the TCDD exposed group. In conclusion, TCDD induced testicular toxicity was significantly ameliorated by YTE. The results of the present study suggest that Yacon extract is a possible therapeutic for the treatment of spermatogenic disorder.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.449-453
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• 2004

Effect of pre-treatment with hot water extract of marine brown alga Sargassum polycystum C.Ag. (100 mg/kg body wt, orally for period of 15 days) on HCI-ethanol (150 mM of HCI-etha-not mixture containing 0.15 N HCI in $70\%$ v/v ethanol given orally) induced gastric mucosal injury in rats was examined with respect to lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzyme status, acid/pepsin and glycoproteins in the gastric mucosa. The levels of lipid peroxides of gastric mucosa and volume, acidity of the gastric juice were increased with decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes and glycoproteins were observed in HCI-ethanol induced rats. The rats pre-treated with seaweed extract prior to HCI-ethanol induction reversed the depleted levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the elevated levels of lipid peroxides when compared with HCI-ethanol induced rats. The levels of glycoproteins and alterations in the gastric juice were also maintained at near normal levels in rats pre-treated with seaweed extract. The rats given seaweed extract alone did not show any toxicity, which was confirmed by histopathological studies. These results suggest that the seaweed extract contains some anti-ulcer agents, which may maintain the volume/acidity of gastric juice and improve the gastric mucosa antioxidant defense system against HCI-ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2011

Objectives : In this study, we evaluated the effect of Chungganhaeju-hwan(CGHJH) on hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$)-induced and ethanol(EtOH)-induced neuronal damage in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Methods:We carried out the anti-oxidant effects of CGHJH against hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$)-induced toxicity in HT22 and PC12 cells using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide. Then, to investigate the protective effect on CGHJH against EtOH-induced memory impairment and hippocampal cell damage in male ICR mice, we performed novel object recognition test(NORT), and analysed the brain tissues after immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results:CGHJH showed protective effect from $H_2O_2$-induced cell toxicity at doses of $1\sim100{\mu}g$/mL in both HT22 and PC12 cells. CGHJH had also recovery effect from EtOH-induced memory impairment in ICR mice from NORT and it protected hippocampal cells against EtOH toxicity in the result of cresyl violet and NeuN immunoreactivity. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that CGHJH has protective effect in neuronal cells against $H_2O_2$ and EtOH toxicities and this effect could be a main role of recovery effect on EtOH-induced memory loss.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant activities of the plants with origin of Vietnam. The Embelia scandens (Lour.) Mez which is a species of plant in the family Myrsinaceae and Cornus hongkongensis Hemsl., which is a species of plant in the family Cornaceae were tested for antioxidant activities. Samples were prepared using 95% ethanol using DPPH assay for assessing the antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid was used for positive control for DPPH assay. DPPH assay experiment showed that extracts of the Embelia scandens (Lour.) Mez and Cornus hongkongensis Hemsl. might have anti-oxidant activity 4.77 times and 5.65 times higher, respectively, compared to control. To determine the cell toxicity, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used. MTT assay experiment showed that Embelia scandens (Lour.) Mez might have 13.1% more toxicity whereas Cornus hongkongensis Hemsl. might have 47.3% less toxicity compared to control. Taken together, these experiments showed that Cornus hongkongensis Hemsl. extracts might have significantly higher antioxidant activities and relatively lower toxicity, compared to control.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2003

The modification of CYP2E1 activity is of considerable interest because of its role in the metabolic activation of a variety of toxic chemicals. In the present studies, the time-course of changes in human CYP2E1 activities was determined after treatment with ethanol, glycerol, 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid using intact HepG2 cells transfected by human CYP2E1. Hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone was chosen for the measurement of CYP2E1 activity. CYP2E1 protein levels were increased upon cultivation of cells in the presence of ethanol, glycerol, 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid for 24 hr. After 24 hr cultivation, ethanol or glycerol increased CYP2E1 activities, whereas 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid inhibited. This different effect of the chemical inducers on CYP2E1 activi-ties persisted to subsequent 24 hr. Competitive inhibition study suggested that 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid has stronger binding affinity to CYP2E1 than ethanol or glycerol. These results demonstrate that different binding affinity of the chemical inducers to the active site of CYP2E1 plays important role in determining real CYP2E1 activity in intact cells after treatment with the chemical inducers. Present study would be helpful in precise understanding of human CYP2E1-mediated toxicity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 1996

The antilipidperoxidative and hepatopreventive effects of Aloe water extract (30 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) were investigated at the levels of liver-total homogenates and the sera of SDrats intoxicated with CCl4 (0.5 cc/100g) and 50% ethanol. We measured MDA (Malondialdehyde) in the liver homogenate, AST (L-Aspartate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase) and ALT(L-Alanine-2-oxo-glutraate aminotransferase) in the serum. The analysis of the measurement indicated that Aloe water extract reduced MDA, ALT and AST significantly and their reduction was in relation to dose dependence. In rat liver homogenate intoxicated with ethanol and CCl4, Aloe treatment group markedly inhibited lipidperoxidation by 30%∼70%. In rat serum intoxicated with ethanol and CCl4, Aloe treatment group inhibited AST, ALT by 40%∼90%. In these data Aloe may be used to inhibit or prevent the hapatic toxicity with results from the environmental and alcohlic factors through the further study of its exact antihepatotoxic mechanism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2001

Paclitaxel is currently administered i.v. as a slow infusion of a solution of the drug in an ethanol: cremophor EL: saline admixture. However, poor solubilization and toxicity are associated with this drug therapy. We have tried to develop a new surfactant for paclitaxel to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity of solubilizer. We performed the hemolysis test for chemicals which passed the paclitaxel-stabilizing test and 5 chemicals showing relatively low hemolytic effects were tested for a single dosing toxicity test. And then aceporol 330, which showed the most favorable result, was introduced to the repeated dosing toxicity tests in mouse and beagle dog. According to data based on body weight, mortality, dissection, homological test and biochemical test, Aceporol 330 exhibited much more reduced toxicity than cremophor EL.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.145-164
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Injinchunggantang-derivative on proliferation of hepatocyte in rats. Cell viability is studied by MTI assay. The gene related to cell replication such as p53, waf1, bcl-2 and $bcl-_{X_L}$ is quantitized by quantitative RT-PCR and the proteins coded by these genes are studied by Western blotting. The results are as follows. 1. The hepatocytes cultured in medium with lnjinchunggantang-derivative showed better viability compared with control grroup in MTI assay, and the hepatocytes cultured in medium with the Injinchunggantang-derivative-and-ethanol-mixed group showed better viability than the hepatocytes cultrued in 10% ethanol culture medium(control group), noting that Injinchunggantang-derivative has protective effect on hepatocyte injury. There was no dose- and time-dependence. 2. In quantitative RT-PCR, i) Bel-2 gene increased significantly both in Injinchunggantang-derivative group and in Injinchunggantang-derivative-and-ethanol-mixed group, while it showed no significant increase or decrease in other group. ii) $Bcl-_{X_L}$ gene increased significantly in Injinchunggantang-derivative group as well as in Injinchunggantang-deri vative-and-ethanol -mixed group. iii) P53 gene showed no significant increase or decrease in hepatocytes cultured in medium with 10% ethanol and in hepatocytes cultured in medium with Injinchunggantang-derivative-and-ethanol-mixed group, suggesting that 10% ethanol induced cell toxicity, thus increased p53 gene expression. iv) Wafl gene showed no significant increase or decrease in hepatocytes cutured in medium with Injinchtrnggantang-derivative, while increased in hepatocytes cultured in medium with 10% ethanol and in hepatocytes cultured in medium with Injinchtrnggantang-derivative-andethanol-mixed group, suggesting that 10% ethanol induced cell toxicity increased wafl gene expression. 3. In the study on protein by western blotting, the band of bcl-2 and $bcl-_{X_L}$ were widened in Injinchtrnggantang-derivative group. Especially the amount of $bcl-_{X_L}$ increased significantly compared with other groups. But in the study on p53 and wafl, there was no significant difference among those groups. Above study shows that Injinchunggantang-derivative has good effect on cell viability and that the genes resistant to cell death such as bcl-2 and $bcl-_{X_L}$ are induced by Injinchunggantang-derivative to resist to cell death by toxic agent And this is reconfirmed in protein study using' western blotting: These results suggest that Injinchunggantang-derivative has inhibitory effect on cell death as well as protective effect on hepatocyte. Therefore this prescription is recommended in various liver diseases such as chronic liver disease and-induced hepatic injury.