• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of Punica granatum L. (PG) ethanol extracts on serum lipid levels in ovariectomized rats. In order to elucidate the effects of PG ethanol extracts on the change of lipid concentration in rats, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to groups as follows: sham-operated rats (sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG seed at 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PS50), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG seed at 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PS200), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG peel at 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PS50), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG peel at 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PP200). PG ethanol extracts were orally supplemented at the level of 1mL per day for 7 weeks. The body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different between groups by t-test. The levels of total-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were not changed by supplementation of PG ethanol extracts. The level of HDL-cholesterol on serum of the OVX-PS50 and OVX-PS200 groups were similar to the OVX-control group, but the OVX-PP50 and OVX-PP200 groups were higher than sham group. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of PG peel were more effected than those of PG seed.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was conducted to measure the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of water- and ethanol-extracts from Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Punica granatum and Rhus javanica against various species of anaerobic bacteria. Methods : In order to evaluate the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of water- and ethanol-extracts, DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were measured in various species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes that induce skin inflammation. Also the total amount of phenol in each water- and ethanol-extract was measured to identify its role in the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of water- and ethanol-extracts from Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Punica granatum and Rhus javanica. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was measured by confirming the lowest concentrations in disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Results : It was observed that RJE (Rhus javanica-EtOH extracts) show the highest content of total phenol. In addition, for RJE the total phenol content was higher from samples taken from domestic sources than from samples taken from foreign sources. DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased by treatment with PGE (Punica granatum-EtOH extracts), RJE and RJW (Rhus javanica-water extracts). It was observed that SOD-like activity was highest in the treatment with PGE. All of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity on S. epidermidis, S. aureus, P. acnes and E. coli, including those from Punica granatum, and it was noted that the activity was higher with RJE than with RJW. Conclusions : These results provide evidence that ethanol extracts of Punica granatum and Rhus javanica may have a beneficial role as antioxidants and antibiotics. Extracts from domestic samples of Betula platyphylla var japonica appeared to have a greater efficacy than extracts from foreign samples.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.298-303
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• 2006

The biological and antioxidative activity of Phellinus linteus extracts from gradient ethanol concentrations were examined. The phenol contents of Phellinus linteus(28.36 mg/100 ml) was higher in the 80% ethanol extracts than other extracts. Electron donation ability on DPPH of 80% and 90% ethanol extracts(94.12% and 94.14% inhibition) from Phellinus linteus were the highest. The antioxidant activity against water soluble materials of Phellinus linteus ethanol extracts showed totally high inhibition rates above 80%, especially in 80% and 90% ethanol extracts, they showed each 94.12% inhibition and 94.14% inhibition. The inhibition against ABTS [2,2azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical decolorization of 80% ethanol extracts was the highest as 96.2%. The antioxidant protection factor (PF) against lipid soluble materials was the highest in 80% ethanol extracts as 1.69 PF, and TBARS of 80% and 90% ethanol extracts were lower as $1.15{\times}100{\mu}M$ and $1.21{\times}100{\mu}M$ than control($1.95{\times}100{\mu}M$. Angiotensin converting enzyme and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 80% ethanol extracts from Phellinus linteus was higher as 95.10%, 85.07% than other extracts. The results to analized of simple phenolic compounds of Phellinus linteus ethanol extrcts with HPLC showed that they were procatecuic acid, caffeic acid and coumaric acid.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.626-632
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• 2001

The plant extracted from Nameko, Gallic, Green tea, Allspice, Polygonum multiflorum, Schizandra chinensis, Armeniacae and Pine needle were utilized to investigate the effects of extracts on free radical reaction, lipid oxidation and nitrite scavenging ability. The pH of ethanol extracts showed a higher than that of hot water extracts, among of which were showed the lowest pH 3.0 in Schizandra chinensis. The important factor of lipid oxidation were $Fe^{2+}$ ion and active oxygen, in which were bound by plant extracts in case of $Fe^{2+}$ ion existed. However, the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of extracts were lowed, compared to extracts reacted with $Fe^{2+}$ ion. Among of them, the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of Nameko and Pine needle extracts had a lower TBARS value than those of control. The iron content of extracts were less than 2.0 mg/100 g, but the total iron content of Schizandra chinensis extracts were 6.8 mg/100 g. The ethanol extracts of pine needle were higher than those of hot water extracts on the basis of $Fe^{2+}$ ion content. The ascorbic acid content of green tea showed 14.3 mg/100 g in hot water extracts and 16.7 mg/100 g in ethanol extracts. Electron donating ability of extracts showed more than 50%, except Nameko and allspices, which were higher in ethanol extracts than those of hot water extracts. The superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity of green tea showed 85.3% and 63.5% in hot water and ethanol extracts, respectively. The nitrite scavenging ability of green tea was the most effective in both extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 2001

This research was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts from omija against the 12 icroorganism including bacteria, yeast and mold. The extracts inhibited the growth of bacteria, but not yeast or mold. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of B. subtilis and S. aureus was 1.6~3.2 mg/mL, and those of gram(-) bacteria, including E. coli, were 6.3~12.5 mg/mL. Growth of B. subtilis and S. aureus were retarded by adding 900 ppm and 300 ppm of ethanol extracts. Anthimicrobial activity of the ethanol extracts was not destroyed by heating. In comparison of endocarps extracts with the ethanol from the seed extracts, the ethanol extracts of endocarps showed the high antimicrobial activity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and anticancer activity of the water and ethanol extracts from medicinal herbs. Methods : Three kinds of medicinal herbs(Corni fructus, Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis) were extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol, and the extracts were tested for their antioxidative and anticancer activities. Results : The highest polyphenol contents of the water and ethanol extracts from medicinal herbs were 342.14 mg and 435.62 mg per 100 g of Cornus officinalis, respectively. The highest electron donating abilities (EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis were 88% and 91% at 1,000 ppm, respectively. The water and ethanol extracts from Astragalus membranaceus had the highest nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) at 1,000 ppm. The highest anticancer activity of the extracts were from Glycyrrhiza uralensis against both of MDA and A549 cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that the medicinal herbs can be used as natural antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage in normal cells probably because of their antioxidant characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

Fifteen herbs used in oral medicine were extracted in ethanol and screened for tooth whitening effect, radical scavenging activity, inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and anti-bacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans. The results are as followed: 1. The tooth whitening effect of toothpaste containing 1 $\%$ ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested in brushing method using artificially stained HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. Toothpaste containing 1$\%$ of Vucia unijuga, Illicium verum, Angelica dahurica and Piper longum extracts showed tooth whitening effects on both HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. But the others did not show a considerable activity. 2. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested using the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reactivity. Two ethanol extracts of Cimicifuga heracleifolia and Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis were found to be the most effective on radical scavenging activity. C. heracleifolia and P. nigra var. henonis extracts removed 86$\%$ and 81 $\%$ of DPPH radical at 0.01$\%$, compared with butylated hydroxy toluene as positive control. 3. The inhibition activity of ethanol extracts on nitrate production In RAW264.7 cell stimulated by lipopolysacchride was tested using the Griess reagent. But all extracts did not inhibit nitrate production. 4. The antibacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans was tested by paper disk method. But no one extract showed any anti - bacterial activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 2012

Sambucus williamsii var. coreana have been used as a traditional medical food. This research was conducted to investigate the antioxidants of S. williamsii var. coreana leave and stem extracts. Total phenolic content of S. williamsii var. coreana leaves and stem water extracts were 6.6 and 2.0 mg/mL. The EDA by DPPH free radical scavenging test of S. williamsii var. coreana leaves extracts were 99.5 and 89.7% in water and ethanol extracts contained phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The stem extracts were 92.2 and 94.3% in water and ethanol extracts contained phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The ABTS radical decolorization activity of water and ethanol extracts from leaves were 79.8 and 99.1% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and water and ethanol extracts from stem were 90.8 and 97.2% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The antioxidant protection factor of water and ethanol extracts from leaves were 1.1 PF and 1.1 PF at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and water and ethanol extracts from stem were 1.4 PF and 1.0 PF at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The TBARs of water and ethanol extracts from leaves were 88.7 and 98.1% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and water and ethanol extracts from stem were 93.6 and 90.6% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The antioxidative activities of extracts from S. williamsii var. coreana leaves and stem were higher than BHT as positive control. These results suggests that S. williamsii var. coreana extracts have the greatest property as a natural antioxidative source.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.26-28
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• 2001

The cytotoxicity of the ethanol extracts of varietal samples of mulberry leaves and branches and silkworm feces was measured using CT-26 cells originated from murine metastatic colon cancer, using dye uptake assay in order to find potential anticancer agents. Two ethanol extracts (varietal mulberry leaves and mulberry branches) were prepared from 16 varietal mulberries and used as partial extract materials for the activity assay. Among these, the ethanol extracts from Shinkwangppong leaves showed a little anticancer activity, and those from Sugaeppong, Cheongunppong and Gumsulppong branches showed some anticancer activity as well as cytotoxicity. In contrast, ethanol extracts from freeze-dried, the 3rd day of 5th instar feces showed more potent anticancer activity than that of other mulberry leaves, mulberry branches and other 5th silkworm instar larva feces on the basis of high UV absorbance at 665 nm.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts from Sasa borealis leaves, stems and roots. Methods : Sasa borealis leaves, stems and roots extract were prepared using water and ethanol. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were analyzed. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity, SOD like activity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and Nitrite scavenging activity assays were carried out to determine the antioxidant activities. Results : The antioxidant activities of the Sasa borealis appeared higher in ethanol extract than water extracts. Total polyphenol and total flavonoids contents in ethanol extracts of leaves were $24.6mg/m{\ell}$ and $14.3mg/m{\ell}$, respectively, which were much higher than those of any other parts. SOD like activity was 70% ethanol extract of the leaves was highest with 15.68%. Electron donating ability was 70% ethanol extract of the leaves had the highest 59.07%. It exhibited high electron donating ability than BHT(45.68%). Nitrite scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extract was higher than the water extract at pH 2.5 and pH 4.2. Nitrite scavenging activity was 70% ethanol extract of the leaves was the highest 75.2%. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was 70% ethanol extract of the leaves was highest with 16.16%, showed very low activity than BHT(61.56%). Conclusions : These results suggest that 70% ethanol extracts from Sasa borealis leaves, exhibited higher antioxidant activities than those of root and stem, and can be potentially used as proper natural antioxidants.