• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.622-632
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• 2021

This study was conducted to find out the optimal solvent extraction method [Distilled water (DW), 70% ethanol, 99% ethanol] of mushrooms, including Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Que, Pleurotus eryngii and Flammulina velutipes and improve their usability as natural antioxidants. To analyze antioxidant activities in each mushroom, total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical (ABTS⁺) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) were measured. All mushrooms showed the highest total polyphenol contents in DW mushroom extract (p<0.001). Total flavonoid contents were the highest in P. eryngii and F. velutipes DW and 70% ethanol mushroom extracts (p<0.05). All mushrooms showed the highest activities using DPPH and FRAP assays in the DW extraction method (p<0.001). P. ostreatus (Jacq.) Que and P. eryngii showed the highest ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity in the DW extraction method, and F. velutipes showed the highest activity in the 70% ethanol extraction method (p<0.001). As a result of comparing IC₅₀ values of DPPH and ABTS+ radicals and FRAP EC₅₀ values, the DW P. ostreatus (Jacq.) Que extract showed high antioxidant activities (p<0.001). Pearson's correlation between total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities showed a positive correlation in all mushrooms (p<0.01). Therefore, extraction of the mushrooms with DW can enhance the extraction of effective bioactive substances and antioxidant activity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 2018

In this study, the antioxidant was extracted from Broussonetia kazinokii using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and optimized by using a response surface methodology. The response value of the central composite design model establishes the extraction yield and the DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extraction time and temperature and volume ratio of ethanol/ultrapure water were selected as quantitative factors. When considering both the main and interaction effects, the factor having the greatest influence on the extraction yield and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was the volume ratio of ethanol/ultrapure water. The results of optimal extraction conditions were the extraction time (19.92 min), volume ratio of ethanol/ultrapure water (54.23%), and ultrasonic irradiation power (557.65 W). We could also obtained expected results of the yield = 38.93 wt% and DPPH radical scavenging activity = 55.33% under these conditions.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2022

In this study, natural emulsifiers were extracted from Medicago sativa L. and Sapindus saponaria L. The extraction yield using CCD-RSM and the extraction process of foaming stability of the extracted product were optimized and 95% confidence interval was used to confirm the statistical reasonableness of the optimization. Herein, independent parameters were the ethanol volume and extraction temperature, whereas reaction parameters were the extraction yield and foaming stability. Under the condition of 53.5 vol% ethanol and extraction temperature (70.9 ℃), the maximum yield and foaming stability of the extracted product from Medicago sativa L were predicted as 26.2 wt% and 44.5%, respectively. In the case of the extraction from Sapindus saponaria L, the maximum yield and foaming stability were expected to be 31.9 wt% and 47.5% under the optimized conditions including 60.4 vol% of ethanol and extraction temperature (72.4 ℃). The average experimental error for validating the accuracy was about 3.4(± 0.3)% and 5.0(± 0.04)% for the extraction processes from Medicago sativa L. and Sapindus saponaria L., respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.550-556
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• 2013

Reflux extraction properties of Schisandra chinensis were investigated with different extraction conditions of ethanol concentration (0-99%), extraction time (2-8 h), and extraction temperature ($40-100^{\circ}C$). Different chemical properties, such as reducing sugars (RS), titratable acidity (TA), Hunter's color values, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) were analyzed for the corresponding extracts. The results showed that RS and TA increased as the extraction temperature increased. For each parameter, the maximum value was achieved, when extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol for 8 h at $100^{\circ}C$. Redness ($a^*$) of the extract decreased as all 3 extraction parameters were increased. TPC increased significantly as the extraction time and temperature increased; further, the highest TPC was achieved, when extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol. The same tendency was observed for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity were obtained, when extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol for 4-6 h at $60-80^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.338-342
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• 2017

The antioxidant activities of sesame cake extracts prepared using ethanol and hot water were evaluated. Seventy percent-ethanol extracts yielded the highest total phenolic (96.56 mg/g extract) and flavonoid (8.35 mg/g extract) contents. In the ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching and ferric thiocyanate test, 30%-, 50%-, and 70%-ethanol extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity than that exhibited by 90%-ethanol extracts. However, 90%-ethanol extracts showed greater antioxidant activities in phenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging test and thiobarbituric acid test using corn oil. The antioxidant activities of sesame cake extracts did not correlate with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents; however, the results suggest that oxidative stability may be improved by sesame cake extracts.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibition was determined from 92 species of oriental herbal medicine extracted with water and ethanol solvents because of their non-toxicity in the human body. The water extracts of Evodia officinalis (86.8%), Thuja orientalis (80.8%), Carthami semen (66.5%), Melia azedarach (74.7%), Siegesbeckia pubescens (61.3%), Saururus chinensis (49.15%) showed a relatively greater anti-inflammatory activity. The ethanol extracts of Ailanthus altissima and Saururus chinensis demonstrated the highest anti-inflammatory effect at above 90%. Saururus chinensis was selected for its high anti-inflammatory effect in both water and ethanol extract. Ethanol was more effective than water and optimal extraction conditions for phenolic compounds was determined to be extraction with 50% ethanol for 12 hours. The extracts from Saururus chinensis in optimal condition showed 70~80% anti-inflammatory effect when $100{\sim}250{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration was treated. Concentration of above $500{\mu}g/mL$ decreased the inhibitory effect. The anti-inflammatory effect and extraction yield were increased by ultra-fine grind technology, indicating that this method can be used to increase the extraction yield of phenolic compounds from medicinal plants.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

Objective : This study was performed to compare anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-bacterial effects of Ligustici Rhizoma (LR) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and distilled water. Methods : It is prepared two kinds of LR extracts 20, 50, 100 ${\mu}l/mg$ by first. MTT assay way to measure cytotoxicity is formed in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effect is measured by ability to inhibit production of NO in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effect was measured by DPPH Radical scavenging ability in HaCaT cell. The anti-bacterial effect was measured by inhibition zone diameter on Propionibacterium acnes. Results : 1. LR (20 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol was showed 80% cytotoxicity, LR (50 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol and LR (20, 50 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with water were showed 70% cytotoxicity, LR (100 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol and LR (100 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with water were showed 60% cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. LR (100 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol was showed more significantly inhibitory effect on NO production than the water extraction. 3. Two kinds of LR extraction groups did not show significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. 4. Two kinds of LR extractions did not have a inhibitory effect on Propionibactrium acnes. Conclusion : Two kinds of LR extracts have not cytotoxicity, statistically significant ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and effect to inhibit Propionibactrium acnes. LR extracted with ethanol only have a little effect to inhibit NO production. This study proposes that LR extracted with ethanol is more effective in anti-inflammation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.713-722
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• 2011

This study was conducted to monitor the quality characteristics of Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) ethanolic extracts by a response surface methodology. The independent variables in the extraction experiments were ethanol concentration (0~100%), extraction temperature ($35{\sim}95^{\circ}C$), and ratio of solvent to sample (10~30 mL/g). The coefficients of determinations ($R^2$) were 0.9596 (p<0.01), 0.9356 (p<0.01), and 0.8842 (p<0.05) for total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and electron donating ability, respectively. The electron donating ability and nitrite scavenging effect improved with an increase in ethanol concentration as opposed to extraction temperature. Anthocyanin content with extraction conditions was 74.421~291.841 mg/L and the coefficient of determinations ($R^2$) was 0.9792 (p<0.01). ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) with extraction conditions was 137.73~562.94 ${\mu}moles$ TE/g and increased with an increase in ethanol concentration and a decrease in the ratio of solvent to sample content. Estimated conditions for maximum extraction including yield, total polyphenol, total flavonoid, electron donating ability, anthocyanin content, and ORAC were 28~58% for ethanol concentration, $60{\sim}68^{\circ}C$ for extraction temperature, and 10~12 mL/g for ratio of solvent to sample.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.427-432
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a cosolvent-modified supercritical $CO_2\;(scCO_2)$ extraction technique for the production of licorice extracts with high levels of glabridin. The effects of various parameters such as the type and amount of modifiers, extraction temperature ($40{\sim}80^{\circ}C$) and pressure ($10{\sim}50.0\;MPa$) on the extraction efficiency were examined at a fixed flow rate of 1 mL/min. The organic solvent extraction with pure methanol was also conducted for a quantitative comparison with the $scCO_2$ extraction. The recovery of glabridin from licorice was found to be extremely small for pure $scCO_2$. However, the addition of modifiers such as ethanol and acetone to $scCO_2$ resulted in a significant improvement in the recovery of glabridin. The recovery of glabridin was observed to increase with pressure at a constant temperature. Furthermore, the purity of the glabridin obtained from the $scCO_2$ extraction was higher compared with the organic solvent extraction.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.315-319
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• 2016

This study examined the optimization of hot-water extraction conditions for maximizing the total polyphenol compounds (TPC) extracted from amaranth leaf. The effects of three independent variables, including extraction temperature, extraction time and ethanol concentration on TPC were investigated using central composite design (CCD). The concentration of TPC increased with increased levels of extraction temperature and time. The extraction temperature and the ethanol concentration showed the significant effect on TPC production (p<0.05). The predicted values at the optimized condition were acceptable when compared to the experimental values ($R^2=0.9566$). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: temperature of $90.1^{\circ}C$, time of 50 min and ethanol concentration of 61.6% (v/v) for the maximum TPC of 12.6 mg GAE/g DM.