• Journal of Science Education
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.312-325
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• 2022

This study aims to provide a science history content system necessary in the course design process of liberal arts subjects, along with the application of flip learning in liberal arts science classes for humanities and social sciences students. For the research, we analyzed the current state of the liberal arts and history of science classes at universities. Then we developed the 'Understanding the History of Science' subject by applying the flip learning method through the analysis of various previous studies. As the goal of science history lectures that can reach the essential purposes of science liberal arts education, including knowledge acquisition and strengthening various competencies, scientific attitude cultivation was set, and the content system of week 15 was designed to consider this. The four topics corresponding to the "History of Science" part of the "Understanding Science History" content system consisted of flipped learning classes and teaching and learning activities, including online video materials and group discussion activities. As a result of opening courses for students in the humanities and social sciences and operating classes for 56 college students, it was confirmed that students' interest and awareness of science increased. This study provides educational evidence for science history and liberal arts education.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2023

The development of autonomous vehicles are currently being actively carried out by various companies and research institutes. Expectations for commercialization in daily life as well as specific industries are also rising. Simulators for autonomous vehicles are an essential element in algorithm development and execution considering stability and cost. In this need, various simulators and platforms for simulators are emerging, but research on simulations that reflect various meteorological environmental factors in the real world is still insufficient. This paper proposes a traffic simulation for autonomous vehicles that can consider the weather environment. The weather environment that can be set is largely classified into four categories, and an improved collision prevention algorithm to apply them is presented. Simulation development was conducted through Carla's Python API, a development tool for autonomous driving, and the performance results were compared with existing collision algorithms. Through this, we tried to propose improvements for the development of advanced self-driving vehicle simulations that can reflect various weather environmental factors in real life.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.289-302
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• 2023

In today's digital information society, student knowledge and skills to analyze big data and make informed decisions have become an important goal of school mathematics. Integrating big data statistical projects with digital technologies in high school <Artificial Intelligence> mathematics courses has the potential to provide students with a learning experience of high impact that can develop these essential skills. This paper proposes a set of guidelines for designing effective big data statistical project-based tasks and evaluates the tasks in the artificial intelligence mathematics textbook against these criteria. The proposed guidelines recommend that projects should: (1) align knowledge and skills with the national school mathematics curriculum; (2) use preprocessed massive datasets; (3) employ data scientists' problem-solving methods; (4) encourage decision-making; (5) leverage technological tools; and (6) promote collaborative learning. The findings indicate that few textbooks fully align with these guidelines, with most failing to incorporate elements corresponding to Guideline 2 in their project tasks. In addition, most tasks in the textbooks overlook or omit data preprocessing, either by using smaller datasets or by using big data without any form of preprocessing. This can potentially result in misconceptions among students regarding the nature of big data. Furthermore, this paper discusses the relevant mathematical knowledge and skills necessary for artificial intelligence, as well as the potential benefits and pedagogical considerations associated with integrating technology into big data tasks. This research sheds light on teaching mathematical concepts with machine learning algorithms and the effective use of technology tools in big data education.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.45-58
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• 2023

In a world of uncertainty and complexity, leadership is essential to lead collaborative and positive interactions among employees. In other words, if members share opinions and work through voluntary leadership, they will respond more effectively to uncertain challenges and get closer to the targeted management performance. Therefore, in this study, we would like to elucidate the importance of shared leadership, which has recently become an issue. We will examine the impact of shared leadership on team efficacy, team organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover intention. A survey was conducted among members working in a team organization in Busan, and the results were as follows. First, the effects of shared leadership on team efficacy were found to have significant positive(+) effects, such as the hypotheses set at planning and organizing 0.202(C.R.=2.853), problem solving 0.463(C.R.=5.620), support and caring 0.237(C.R.=3.326), and development and mentoring 0.366(C.R.=5.132), respectively. Second, the effects of team efficacy on team organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention were 0.545(C.R.=5.895) and -0.143(C.R.=-0.817), respectively, and team efficacy was found to have a positive(+)positive(+) effect on team organizational citizenship behavior, but team efficacy did not have a significant effect on turnover intention.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2023

Purpose PET-CT imaging require an appropriate quality assurance system to achieve high efficiency and reliability. Quality control is essential for improving the quality of care and patient safety. Currently, there are performance evaluation methods of UN2-1994 and UN2-2001 proposed by NEMA and IEC for PET-CT image evaluation. In this study, we compare phantom images with the same experiments before and after PET-CT 3D normalization and well counter correction and evaluate the usefulness of quality control. Materials and methods Discovery 690 (General Electric Healthcare, USA) PET-CT equiptment was used to perform 3D normalization and well counter correction as recommended by GE Healthcare. Based on the recovery coefficients for the six spheres of the NEMA IEC Body Phantom recommended by the EARL. 20kBq/㎖ of ¹⁸F was injected into the sphere of the phantom and 2kBq/㎖ of ¹⁸F was injected into the body of phantom. PET-CT scan was performed with a radioacitivity ratio of 10:1. Images were reconstructed by appliying TOF+PSF+TOF, OSEM+PSF, OSEM and Gaussian filter 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6,5 mm with matrix size 128×128, slice thickness 3.75 mm, iteration 2, subset 16 conditions. The PET image was attenuation corrected using the CT images and analyzed using software program AW 4.7 (General Electric Healthcare, USA). The ROI was set to fit 6 spheres in the CT image, RC (Recovery Coefficient) was measured after fusion of PET and CT. Statistical analysis was performed wilcoxon signed rank test using R. Results Overall, after the quality control items were performed, the recovery coefficient of the phantom image increased and measured. Recovery coefficient according to the image reconstruction increased in the order TOF+PSF, TOF, OSEM+PSF, before and after quality control, RCmax increased by OSEM 0.13, OSEM+PSF 0.16, TOF 0.16, TOF+PSF 0.15 and RCmean increased by OSEM 0.09, OSEM+PSF 0.09, TOF 0.106, TOF+PSF 0.10. Both groups showed a statistically significant difference in Wilcoxon signed rank test results (P value<0.001). Conclusion PET-CT system require quality assurance to achieve high efficiency and reliability. Standardized intervals and procedures should be followed for quality control. We hope that this study will be a good opportunity to think about the importance of quality control in PET-CT

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2023

The creativity of thesis is that the significance of cyber security challenges in blockchain. The variety of enterprises, including those in the medical market, are the targets of cyberattacks. Hospitals and clinics are only two examples of medical facilities that are easy targets for cybercriminals, along with IoT-based medical devices like pacemakers. Cyberattacks in the medical field not only put patients' lives in danger but also have the potential to expose private and sensitive information. Reviewing and looking at the present and historical flaws and vulnerabilities in the blockchain-based IoT and medical institutions' equipment is crucial as they are sensitive, relevant, and of a medical character. This study aims to investigate recent and current weaknesses in medical equipment, of blockchain-based IoT, and institutions. Medical security systems are becoming increasingly crucial in blockchain-based IoT medical devices and digital adoption more broadly. It is gaining importance as a standalone medical device. Currently the use of software in medical market is growing exponentially and many countries have already set guidelines for quality control. The achievements of the thesis are medical equipment of blockchain-based IoT no longer exist in a vacuum, thanks to technical improvements and the emergence of electronic health records (EHRs). Increased EHR use among providers, as well as the demand for integration and connection technologies to improve clinical workflow, patient care solutions, and overall hospital operations, will fuel significant growth in the blockchain-based IoT market for linked medical devices. The need for blockchain technology and IoT-based medical device to enhance their health IT infrastructure and design and development techniques will only get louder in the future. Blockchain technology will be essential in the future of cybersecurity, because blockchain technology can be significantly improved with the cybersecurity adoption of IoT devices, i.e., via remote monitoring, reducing waiting time for emergency rooms, track assets, etc. This paper sheds the light on the benefits of the blockchain-based IoT market.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5A
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• pp.433-442
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• 2010

A control of chloride diffusion coefficient is very essential for service life of reinforced concrete (RC) structures exposed to chloride attack so that much studies have been focused on this work. The purpose of this study is to derive the intended diffusion coefficient which satisfies intended service life and propose a technique for optimum concrete mixture through genetic algorithm(GA). For this study, 30 data with mixture proportions and related diffusion coefficients are analyzed. Utilizing 27 data, fitness function for diffusion coefficient is obtained with variables of water to binder ratio(W/B), weight of cement, mineral admixture(slag, flay ash, and silica fume), sand, and coarse aggregate. 3 data are used for verification of the results from GA. Average error from fitness function is observed to 18.7% for 27 data for diffusion coefficient with 16.0% of coefficient of variance. For the verification using 3 data, a range of error for mixture proportions through GA is evaluated to 0.3~9.3% in 3 given diffusion coefficients. Assuming the durability design parameters like intended service life, cover depth, surface chloride content, and replacement ratio of mineral admixture, target diffusion coefficient, where exterior conditions like relative humidity(R.H.) and temperature, is derived and optimum design mixtures for concrete are proposed. In this paper, applicability of GA is attempted for durability mixture design and the proposed technique would be improved with enhancement of comprehensive data set including wider range of diffusion coefficients.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to design textbook metadata as a basic task for building a textbook database. To this end, reading textbooks were defined as a category of textbooks, and a metadata development methodology was established through previous research. In order to ensure that bibliographically essential elements are not omitted, the catalog description elements of institutions that collect, accumulate, and service textbooks such as the National Library of Korea were investigated. The elements of Dublin Core, MODS, and KEM were mapped to derive elements suitable for describing textbooks. Finally, a set of textbook metadata elements consisting of 14 elements in three categories - bibliography, context, and textbook characteristics were presented by adding publication type, genre, and curriculum period elements. The 14 elements are titles, authors, publications, formats, identification sign, languages, locations, subject names, annotation, genres, table of contents, subjects, curriculum period, and curriculum information. In this study, we contributed to this field by discussing how to organize textbook resources with national knowledge resources, and in future studies, we proposed to evaluate usability by applying metadata elements to actual textbooks and revise and supplement them according to the evaluation results.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2022

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine radioactive concentrations in fertilizers known to contain essential nutrients. Results of this study could be used as basic data to monitor the impact of chemical fertilizers on the environment and public health. Nitrogen fertilizers, calcium fertilizers, sulfur fertilizers, phosphate acid fertilizers, and potassium chloride fertilizers were used in this study. Materials and Methods: Five chemical fertilizers were pulverized, placed in polyethylene containers, and weighed. The time to measure each specimen was set to be 3,600 seconds for a scintillator-based gamma-ray spectroscopy system. Concentration of gamma radionuclide was analyzed based on obtained spectra. At the end of the measurement, the spectrum file was stored and used to calculate radioactive concentrations using a gamma-ray spectrometer software. Results and Discussion: In the nitrogen fertilizer, 3.49 ± 5.71 Bq/kg of ¹³⁷Cs, 34.43 ± 7.61 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs, and 569.16 ± 91.15 of ⁴⁰K were detected whereas ¹³¹I was not detected. In the calcium fertilizer, 5.74 ± 4.40 Bq/kg of ¹³⁷Cs (the highest concentration among all fertilizers), 22.37 ± 5.39 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs, and 433.67 ± 64.24 Bq/kg of ⁴⁰K were detected whereas ¹³¹I was not detected. In the sulfur fertilizer, 347.31 ± 55.73 Bq/kg of ⁴⁰K, 19.42 ± 4.53 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs, 2.21 ± 3.49 of ¹³⁷Cs, and 0.04 ± 0.22 Bq/Kg of ¹³¹I were detected. In the phosphoric acid fertilizer, 70,007.34 ± 844.18 Bq/kg of ⁴⁰K (the highest concentration among all fertilizers) and 46.07 ± 70.40 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs were detected whereas neither ¹³⁷Cs nor ¹³¹I was detected. In the potassium chloride fertilizer, 12,827.92 ± 1542.19 Bq/kg of ⁴⁰K was and 94.76 ± 128.79 Bq/kg of ¹³⁴Cs were detected whereas neither ¹³⁷Cs nor ¹³¹I was detected. The present study examined inorganic fertilizers produced by a single manufacturer. There might be different results according to the country and area from which fertilizers are imported. Further studies about inorganic fertilizers in more detail are needed to create measures to reduce ⁴⁰K. Conclusion: Measures are needed to reduce radiation exposure to ⁴⁰K contained in fertilizers including phosphoric acid and potassium chloride fertilizers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1D
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

Currently, existing car following models among several basic systems of advanced vehicle systems are almost developed related to the physical relation between two vehicles except for the driver's behavior or environmental factors. But the consideration of driver's character and environmental factors on driving are very essential factors for actual application. Hence, we suggested calibrating the degree of driver's discomfort on driving that is the former study to develop a new car following model of advanced vehicle to use in actuality. The degree of driver's discomfortness (Measure-of-Alarmness; MOA)is measured related to the relationship between the following vehicle and the preceding vehicle, the environmental factors and driver's characters in ubiquitous traffic. We made up questions to drivers to obtain the general and the objective measurement of driver's MOA. And the fuzzy logic model for measurement of MOA was constructed based on the results of survey. We verified the suitability of fuzzy logic model through the computation of MOA with several scenarios. And we measured the quantitative degree of driver's discomfortness on car following related to several factors which affect drivers. In accordance with this study, development of car following model applying driver's MOA will promote the actual application of advanced vehicle more effectively than the existing models. Finally, we thought the measurement of driver's MOA will be applied significantly to evaluate safety and comfort of drivers on driving.