• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2006

The blood-neural barrier (BNB), including blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-retinal barrier (BRB), is an endothelial barrier constructed by an extensive network of endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons to form functional 'neurovascular units', which has an important role in maintaining a precisely regulated microenvironment for reliable neuronal activity. Although failure of the BNB may be a precipitating event or a consequence, the breakdown of BNB is closely related with the development and progression of CNS diseases. Therefore, BNB is most essential in the regulation of microenvironment of the CNS. The BNB is a selective diffusion barrier characterized by tight junctions between endothelial cells, lack of fenestrations, and specific BNB transporters. The BNB have been shown to be astrocyte dependent, for it is formed by the CNS capillary endothelial cells, surrounded by astrocytic end-foot processes. Given the anatomical associations with endothelial cells, it could be supposed that astrocytes play a role in the development, maintenance, and breakdown of the BNB. Therefore, astrocytes-endothelial cells interaction influences the BNB in both physiological and pathological conditions. If we better understand mutual interactions between astrocytes and endothelial cells, in the near future, we could provide a critical solution to the BNB problems and create new opportunities for future success of treating CNS diseases. Here, we focused astrocyte-endothelial cell interaction in the formation and function of the BNB.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.45-54
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• 2007

Recent research regarding local traditions, cultural heritage, and sightseeing resources that represent local characteristics for the purpose of local promotion has been actively advanced. Yangyeongsi in Daegu, South Korea is Doing developed as a core location in order to revitalize regional culture. The unique tradition and functions of this city area have been preserved. Previous research "The Fundamental Research of Revitalization for Yangyeongsi in Daegu for the Local Promotion" undertaken by the author revealed a lack of fundamental research available to establish an understanding of how to revitalize Yangyeongsi. The research methodology designed this by, (1)a site investigation and verification of previous research (2)a deep analysis of Yangyeongsi to uncover potential improvement opportunities (3) assessment of essential elements and appropriate directions for revitalization of the traditional market (4) application of the environment design improvement process to the local design center. The design proposal is that, firstly, space assessment will De improved by the maintenance and expansion of fundamental facilities. Secondly, space application can be maximized by servicing the complex road network through a traffic flow plan. In addition, consideration for the local characteristics will promote unity and identification with the region. Lastly, revitalization and industrialization development of sightseeing resources and secure streets and event spaces will promote enjoyable experiences for visitors. Research results were submitted to the local authority and applied to the future policy plan. Continuous research on revitalization and analysis of the local characteristics are recommended in order to benefit local promotion.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-100
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• 2013

Research data means data in the form of facts, observations, images, computer program results, recordings, measurements or experiences on which an argument, theory, test or hypothesis, or another research output is based. Data may be numerical, descriptive, visual or tactile. Scientific research is changing because of the paradigm shift. It is all being affected by the data deluge, and a data-intensive science paradigm is emerging. Hence, paradigm shift in scientific research led to increase of value and importance of scientific data. Essential to the creative research and development for scientific data can be reused efficiently is the sharing and utilization of establishing management system. Establishing of management system for sharing and utilization of scientific data should be done at the national level, but compared with Europe, Australia, the United States, China, the management system of Korea doesn't have not linkage or efficiency or internal stability. Australia, the United States, China continues to expand a Mid- and Long-Term policy making, legislation, its investment in infrastructure, so as to promote the utilization of data, such as collection, management and maintenance of scientific data through the relevant agencies at the national level. This study consider legislation cases and management policies of the above countries to the end to that establish management system for the efficient and fair sharing and utilization of scientific data and the legal system, and that provide scientific data legislation and policies related to the future of our country.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.39-49
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• 2013

Purpose - This study attempts to examine the underlying dimensions of service quality (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) for low-cost carriers. It subsequently seeks to determine the effect of the relationships of the dimensions of service quality, airline image, and behavioral intentions on airline services to provide adequate basic information and attributes for developing differentiated and competitive service marketing strategies. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey for this study was conducted on patrons with low-cost carrier boarding experiences in districts near universities and central businesses of Seoul and Busan from 5/10/2012 to 16/10/2012. Out of 346 questionnaires, 20 questionnaires with missing data and insincere answers were excluded for this study. Collected data were processed using SPSS 18.0, and the hypothesis was verified by analyzing the structural equation model with Lisrel 8.54. First, the frequency analysis was conducted to identify universal characteristics. Second, the exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted to identify the accuracy of the variable measurements of the construct. Third, to assess uni-dimensionality and reliability, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Finally, to verify the adequacy of the research model and research hypothesis, the structural model was employed. Results - The results revealed that the factors, "tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy" were shown to be the most important dimensions of service quality for the airline image of the low-cost carrier which was consistent with previous studies. Therefore, it is fair to suggest that these verified factors are crucial attributes for the brand image of low-cost carriers. Second, as reliability and responsiveness were shown to be the most important factors for behavioral intentions, it is viable to suggest that these two attributes are crucial for the sales value of low-cost carriers. Further, it was found that the brand image of low-cost carriers was closely related to behavioral intentions. Therefore, in order to ensure the competitiveness and loyalty of patrons, the airline image value is a crucial attribute. Conclusions - The result of this study established that service quality is the most important attribute for marketing to ensure competitiveness, and intensive and differentiated service marketing play a crucial role in creating profits for low-cost carrier companies. First, as tangibility is found to be the most crucial factor in ensuring service quality, quality control and maintenance of medium and small carriers must be provided to ensure reliability, as they are the main attributes of low-cost carriers. Second, in order to promote positive behavioral intentions, it is essential to enhance the value of airline image. Third, in order to ensure competitiveness, it is imperative to carry out intensive and differentiated service marketing. Therefore, to promote the image of low-cost carriers and enhance behavioral intentions, the level of service quality must be secured by developing appropriate service improvement programs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.716-723
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• 2016

A computerized information management system of road bridges as a national key infrastructure is needed to effectively collect data of the current status, improve the reliability of data, and use the results from the analysis of the accumulated data as fundamental resources for supporting the establishment of policies. The Internet-based Bridge Information System (BIS), including a database and geographic information systems (GIS), was designed, and the data items were comprised of essential information, such as GIS-based location coordinates, bridge condition grade information and so on. The BIS was developed to be connected with a related information system, and it is possible to make the current information of traffic volume, address and so on by adopting the GIS. To enhance the reliability of the information of current bridge status, it is also possible to improve the accuracy of data through an information verifying function to prevent entry errors. In addition, the BIS can easily support the establishment of policies offering various types of knowledge information that were available in the past based on an analysis of the accumulated data. The intuitive identification and analysis of the current status is to be feasible through a GIS screen. Improvement of the business efficiency and data accuracy and time-series information analysis are available by managing the information of current status through BIS. In the future, it is expected that BIS can be used effectively for the establishment of reasonable maintenance policies of the nation.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.309-333
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• 2006

These days, the majority of public service area presents increment of utilizing a contracting-out with the following reasons such as cost-efficiency, maintenance of population changes in flexible manner, and convenience of management. The social changes have influence on policing structure and regional security system as well as problems associated with accepting the contracting-out in the public policing sector. However, many issues such as limited contracting-out sector, difficulty of encouragement of participation to private sector, and limitation of making a contract with contracting-out would be brought up when initiate contracting-out to the public policing sector. Changing security system to lower budget, planning restructure of organization, developing alterable partial contracting-out, establishing private and public cooperate system and rationalizing contract system are the suggestions to solve and modify the raising problems. This study suggests a differentiate regulation of policing services compare to currently existing contracting-out method to consider a distinctive working environment. The suggestions are as follows: 1. develop a security segregate model, 2. build a cooperative system between private and public policing sector, 3. broaden opportunity of participation of private policing sector, 4. open-competition among qualified private tender to make a contract. The private contracting-out in the public security service sector should be manage in different manner compare to other private contracting-out in government-oriented public service sector. Since work performance of each private contracting-out agency is strongly bond to safety of every civilian in the nation, it is essential to increase its standard of qualification of each agency.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2003

Chemical burns onto oral mucosa which are infrequent, may result from contact with a wide variety of chemical agents. The degree of injury depends on the chemical, its concentration, duration of contact, and the natural penetrability and resistance of the tissues involved. Chemicals do not usually "burn" in that they do not cause destruction by hyperthermic activity. Rather, they damage tissue by causing coagulation of protein by one of several processes, reduction, oxidation, desiccation, corrosion, or vesication. Paraquat(Gramoxon) is the most frequently agricultural chemicals that induce the severe toxic reactions onto the organs of human body in Korea. The toxic reaction are composed of pulmonary edema and fibrosis, formation of hyaline membrane, inflammatory reaction and bleeding tendency, owing to the cell damage by the production of superoxide radicals. The contents of essential treatment in paraquat intoxication are commonly airway and breathing maintenance, gastric lavage, much hydration and diuresis, hemoperfusion and medications for the removal of the chemicals and the prevention of various complications. The sedative oral dressings, such as, orabase ointment application, warm saline gargling, lidocaine viscous gargling and oral gargling by the mixed solutions(tetracycline, prednisolone and 10% dextrose water) are important for the improvement of chemical oral mucositis and the comfortable feeding of diet. The authors managed properly two cases of oral chemical mucositis that were occurred by the incorrect use of agricultural chemicals(paraquat) and report the cases with the review of literatures about care of the chemical intoxication and oral mucositis.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2020

This study is to find ways to build economic participation for the elderly through job projects to help the elderly live a pleasant life. The results of this study are as follows. First, the relevant laws must be overhauled. To this end, jobs targeting the elderly should be selected first, and legal procedures should be prepared in the government. Second, they should extend the retirement age and support senior employment businesses. The extension of the retirement age believes that a resumption of the wage structure is inevitable in order to increase employment for senior citizens. It is also desirable to implement policies such as giving tax benefits to companies that employ older people more than a certain percentage of them. Third, there should be self-help efforts by the elderly. Three factors are essential to keep the work of old age pleasant and faithful. In other words, it is important to always learn new knowledge and hone one's ability in order to do a rewarding job of living without health and some economic stability. In conclusion, measures to establish economic participation for the elderly through the work-seeker project will require, among other things, a sufficient extension of the retirement age to allow the elderly to engage in their jobs, while overhauling the system, including legal maintenance.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2020

Despite growing international cooperation for maintenance of international peace and security, wars continue to occur due to conflicted state interests. Continuing conflicts has advanced development of various weapon systems such as global integrated intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. However, with a big increase in the number of civilian casualties caused by the weapon systems development, the international community has also advanced diplomatic efforts to minimize deaths of civilian and military personnel. Therefore, it is essential to observe the principle of discrimination between combatants and non-combatants when operating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), better known as drones. Drones have become more capable of distinguishing combatants from non-combatants due to its high-tech prowess. In the operation of drones, any parties involved in combat or the war are responsible for mounting civilian casualties. In addition, it should comply with the principle of proportionality that calls for a balance between results of such action and expected military advantage anticipated from the attack. The rule of proportionality prohibits use of military force which may be expected to cause excessive civilian harm. Drones have been able to track and monitor targets for hours and select the accurate locations of the targets. The aim is to reduce civilian losses and damage to a minimum. Drones meet the standards of Article 51.4 of the Additional Protocol.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.107-121
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• 1973

As Korean society of today is rapidly changing, the value system which has been traditionally accepted in the family ought to undergo inevitable changes. This paper aims at investigating and analyzing the prevalent value system of the family and the degree to which it is changing in the middle-class families in Seoul. Particular attention has been paid in this paper to the relationship between a married women and her mother-in-law. The conclusion at which this paper has arrived are as follows : (1) more than the half of both married women and their mothers-in-law of the middle class in Seoul feel satisfaction for the family life ; yet the rest who have responded in terms of "average" seem in fact to feel unsatisfactory in their marriage, even though they do not specifically regard themselves "unhappy" ; (2) generally, married women, including their mothers-in-law, prefer the independent, autonomous household management ; (3) both married women and their mothers-in-law wish to live independently but the former prefer the living-together with their mothers-in-law ; (4) married women plan to support economically the parents-in-law more than the latter want to be supported ; (5) the relationship between the parents-in-law and the married women is regarded as "good" by 62% of the former while the latter in 41% only see it in "good" terms, which indicates actually their unhappy psychological state ; (6) married women in general dislike their husband's sisters in comparison with their mothers-in-law, which seems to betray the commonly accepted view that married women go worst off with their mothers-in-law ; (7) the absolute majority of women, whether a parent and her son's wife, believe that the maintenance of a good relationship between families is essential to the happiness of marriage ; (8) surprisingly, a great majority of married women whichever their side may be think that no interference with their children's home is better ; (9) more than a half of mothers-in-law expect their son's wife to live distance from her own parents ; (10) married women believe that the good cause for a better marriage lies in mutual understanding and help exchangeable between them and their mothers-in-law. This investigation has shown, to be sure, some of the salient problems in family relations which will certainly encourage further attempts to study.