Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.31691/KASL35.1.5.

International Law on Drone's Military use - Focuse on Proportionality and Discrimination Principles -  

Cho, Hong-Je (Research Institute on National Security Affairs, National Defense University)
Kang, Ho-Jeung (Dept. of Military Science, Kyungnam University)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy / v.35, no.1, 2020 , pp. 127-152 More about this Journal
Abstract
Despite growing international cooperation for maintenance of international peace and security, wars continue to occur due to conflicted state interests. Continuing conflicts has advanced development of various weapon systems such as global integrated intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. However, with a big increase in the number of civilian casualties caused by the weapon systems development, the international community has also advanced diplomatic efforts to minimize deaths of civilian and military personnel. Therefore, it is essential to observe the principle of discrimination between combatants and non-combatants when operating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), better known as drones. Drones have become more capable of distinguishing combatants from non-combatants due to its high-tech prowess. In the operation of drones, any parties involved in combat or the war are responsible for mounting civilian casualties. In addition, it should comply with the principle of proportionality that calls for a balance between results of such action and expected military advantage anticipated from the attack. The rule of proportionality prohibits use of military force which may be expected to cause excessive civilian harm. Drones have been able to track and monitor targets for hours and select the accurate locations of the targets. The aim is to reduce civilian losses and damage to a minimum. Drones meet the standards of Article 51.4 of the Additional Protocol.
Keywords
Drone; LOAC; Proportionality; The Principle of Discrimination; Combatants and Noncombatants; Jus ad bellum;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Graham Warwick and Larry Dickerson, "Cooling Down? Export and civil unmanned aircraft demand will grow, but mainstay military markets may slow,"Aviation Week & Space Technology, December 31, 2012, 84.,Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UAS): Manufacturing Trends, CRS, 2013
2 Green War: An Assessment of the Environmental Law of International Armed Conflict 22:1 YALE J. INT'L L. 1, 52 (1997)
3 JACOB WARE, 'TERRRORIST GROUPS,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND KILLER DRONES", september 24, 2019.
4 Jeremy Rabkin and John Yoo, STRIKING POWER, New York, 2017,
5 John Kaag, Sarah Kreps, Drone Warfare (War and Conflict in the Modern World), Polity Press(2014)
6 Kerstin Fisk, Jennifer M. Ramos, Preventive Force: Drones, Targeted Killing, and the Transformation of Contemporary Warfare Paperback, NYU Press(July 5, 2016)
7 LESLIE C. GREEN, THE CONTEMPORARY LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT 101 (1993). Professor Green, quoting from a treatise dating to 1802, states that "it is only with the writers of the nineteenth century that either a clear. definition or the rights of soldiers or the first usage of the term 'combatants' is found."
8 Military and Paramilitary Activities (Nicar. v. U.S.), 1986 I.C.J. 4, 94.
9 MNS : Mission Need Statement, Unmanned Aircraft Systems, The Global Perspective 2007/2008, The International UVS Community, 2007
10 김성배.김성진, "주요국 군사용 무인항공기 동향 및 시사점," 주간국방논단, 1501호(14-6), 2014.
11 김형구.남구현, "현대전 양상변화에 따른 공중작전의 국제법적 동향과 과제 : 하버드매뉴얼의 분석 및 평가를 중심으로", 공군법률논집
12 박지현, "무인항공기에 대한 법적 쟁점 연구", 홍익법학, 제16권 제2호, 법학연구소, 2015.
13 방사청, 미래 전쟁의 주역 무인항공기, 2008.
14 신홍균, "우주공간에서의 무기배치와 사용의 법적 지위", 항공우주정책.법학회지, 제32권 제2호, 한국우주정책.법학회, 2017.
15 이영진, "무인항공기의 발전과 국제법적 쟁점", 항공우주정책.법학회지, 제26권 제2호, 한국우주정책.법학회, 2011.
16 임덕규, 전쟁과 국제법-정당한 전쟁론을 중심으로-, 법문사, 1985,
17 Teal Group, "Teal Group Predicts Worldwide UAV Market Will Total $91 Billion in Its 2014 UAV Market Profile and Forecast"
18 Pearson, Lee, "Developing the Flying Bomb", U.S. Navy http://www.history.navy.mil/download/ww1-10.pdf
19 Roberts & Guelff, at 5. The concept of reprisals has proven controversial in international law
20 SIPRI(Stockholm International Peace Research Institute), Law of War and Doubious Weapons, (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1976)
21 U.S. Air Force, U.S. Air Force, RPA Vector: Vision and Enabling Concepts 2013-2038, (Headquarters U.S. Air Force, 2014)
22 Vivek Sehrawat, "Legal Status of Drones Under LOAC and International Law", Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs Volume 5, Issue 1 War in the 21st Century and Collected Works, April 2017
23 Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grams Weight, Dec. 11, 1868, (1907 Supplement) 1 AM. J. INT'L L. 95.
24 Concerning Expanding Bullets, July 29, 1899, (1907 supp.) 1 AM. J. INT'L L. 155.
25 Protocol [to the Convention on Conventional Weapons] on Non-Detectable Fragments (Protocol I), Apr. 10, 1981, 1342 U.N.T.S. 7
26 Andrew Callam, Drone Wars: Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Volume XVIII, No. 3: Winter 2010(The American Society of International Law)
27 임예준, "인공지능 시대의 전쟁자동화와 인권에 관한 소고 : 국제법상 자율살상무기의 규제를 중심으로", 고려법학, 제92호, 고려대학교 법학연구원, 2019.
28 정영진, "우주의 군사적 이용에 관한 국제법적 검토 : 우주법의 점진적인 발전을 중심으로", 항공우주정책.법학회지 제30권 제1호, 한국 우주정책.법학회, 2015.
29 Adam Roberts & Richard Guelff, Introduction to DOCUMENTS ON THE LAWS OF WAR, 1, 14(Adam Roberts & Richard Guelff, eds., 1989)
30 Anne C. Cunningham, Drones, Surveillance, and Targeted Killings, Greenhaven Publishing, (2017)
31 DoD, USI Roadmap, 2013-2038,. Headquarters U.S. Air Force, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Air Force, RPA Vector:Vision and Enabling Concepts 2013-2038,.
32 Blom, John David, Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Historical Perspective, Occasional Paper 37 (Combat Studies Institute Pr. U.S. Army Combined Arms Center, 2010), p. 45. Brannen, Samuel J. "Sustaining the US Lead in Unmanned Systems"
33 Burrus M. Carnahan, Unnecessary Suffering, The Red Cross and Tactical Laser Weapons 18 LOY. L.A. INT'L & COMP.L.J. 705, 714 (1996)
34 CRS, Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UAS): Manufacturing Trends.
35 Forecast International, "Forecast International Expects UAV Market to Rise Strongly through the Next Decade; Unmanned Land & Sea-Based Systems' Values also Growing,"(Forecast International, 15 April, 2014)
36 FREDERIC DE MULINEN, HANDBOOK ON THE LAW OF WAR FOR ARMED FORCES, (Int'l Committee of the Red Cross 1987)
37 n172 Protocol [to the Convention on Conventional Weapons] on Blinding Laser Weapons (Protocol IV), Oct. 13, 1995, 35 I.L.M. 1218 (1996)