• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2008

We have evaluated the combined antifungal effects of the essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus or its main component 1,8-cineole with ketoconazole. Checkerboard microtiter tests were used to analyze their effects against three Candida and six Trichophyton species. The susceptibility of the Trichophyton species to E. globulus essential oil differed distinctly. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) against the tested Candida species ranged between 0.09 and 0.38 for ketoconazole combined with E. globulus essential oil or 1,8-cineole, indicating significant synergism between ketoconazole and the oil samples. Similar experiments using Trichophyton species resulted in FICIs between 0.28 and 0.63, indicating relatively weaker combined effects than those observed with Candida species. Thus, the data reported here show that the anti-Candida effects of ketoconazole can be significantly improved in the presence of E. globulus essential oil or 1, 8-cineole.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2001

Essential oils extracted from Chamaecyparis obtusa were applied to make antibacterial corrugating liner. The quantitative analysis of the essential oils was carried out by GC-MS, which showed that the monoterpenes as a basic component of the essential oils extracted from Chamaecyparis obtusa in the domestic mountain were greater in amount than those in China. The antibacterial activity was then examined with Tyromyces palustris and gram-negative/positive bacteria. The papers treated with the essential oils desplayed great resistance against T. Palustris and gram bacteria but the best results were obtained with the handsheet formed by softwood bleached kraft pulp rather than the liner by OCC. The low antibacterial activity of the liner was considered to be due to starch components which could be readily attacked by the fungi.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2003

Availability is an important measure of performance of a repairable component. In this paper, the explicit expression for the availability of a repairable component, which is subject to the policy II(Age Replacement Policy) of Barlow and Hunter (1960), is obtained and the existence of the steady state availability is shown. The steady state availabilities of the model are also obtained for the cases when the mean of the minimal repair time is increasing at a geometric rate or linearly increasing, In order to show the importance and the utility of the obtained result, we also consider an illustrative example of the repairable coherent system whose components are repairable, and the obtained results are applied to derive the steady state availability of the whole system. In this situation, we can see that the condition of the existence of the steady state availability for each component is essential. Some remarks on the optimal replacement policy that maximizes the steady state availability are also given.

• 생약학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.91-94
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• 1991

Callus was derived from the seedlings of Agastache rugosa(Labiatae). The growth rate of callus and the production of essential oil were studied with the variation of culturing conditions. 2, 4-D 2ppm in the medium was more effective for the production of essential oil than NAA 2ppm. The growth rate of callus and the production of essential oil were inhibited by the illumination of the light. The essential oils from Agastache rugosa and the callus cultivated on the medium containing 2, 4-D 2 ppm and kinetin 0.2 ppm were analysed by TLC, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. These two oils showed different compositions. The main component of the plant oil, methyl chavicol was not contained in the callus oil.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2005

The effects of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (Lemongrass oil) and its main component, citral (84.30%), on antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium were assessed. C. citratus oil and citral significantly inhibited all strains of the two Salmonella species examined, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5 mg/ml to 8.0 mg/ml. The combined effects of C. citratus oil and citral (84.30%) were evaluated using a checkerboard microtiter assay. Essential oil fractions of C. citratus and citral exhibited strong synergistic or additive effects with streptomycin or kanamycin against S. typhimurium strains with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices in the range of 0.28 to 1.00. In conclusion, a combination of streptomycin and lemongrass oil or its main component, citral, may be useful for reducing the minimum effective dose of antibiotic required for the treatment of resistant S. typhimurium infections.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2021

Perilla frutescens var. crispa (Pfc), a herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae), has been used for medicinal and aromatic purposes. In the present study, we analyzed the variation in the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) obtained from five different genotypes of Pfc collected from different regions. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), we identified three groups: PA type containing perillaldehyde, PP type containing dillapiole, and 2-acetylfuran type. To assess the correlation between EO components and antimicrobial activities, we compared classification results generated by PCA and HCA based on antimicrobial activity values. The findings suggested that the major compounds obtained from EOs of Pfc are responsible for their antimicrobial activities. Chemotypes of Pfc plants are essentially qualitative traits that are important for breeders. The present findings provide potential information for breeding Pfc as an antimicrobial agent.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제12D권2호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2005

컴포넌트 설계 시에 컴포넌트의 확장성 및 재사용성을 확대하기 위해서는 비즈니스 어플리케이션 개발 과정에서 발견된 가변성을 별도의 룰로 정의할 필요가 있다. 인터페이스의 래핑이나 구현 클래스의 재정의를 통한 컴포넌트의 개조 기법은 컴포넌트의 재사용을 지원하는데 한계가 있기 때문이다. 따라서, 컴포넌트 개발 과정에서 향후 컴포넌트의 재사용성을 고려한 설계가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 컴포넌트로 부터 가변적 특성을 분리하여 룰 컴포넌트를 포함하도록 기존의 컴포넌트 아키텍처를 확장하였으며, 룬 정의에 필요한 구문을 정의하였다. 또한 보험판매 시스템에 적용하여 룰의 재정의를 통한 컴포넌트의 재사용성을 검증해 보았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1993

형개의 잎, 줄기 및 화수의 정유함율 및 정유구성성분을 생육시기별로 비교 분석하여 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 형개의 정유함율은 잎이 줄기나 화수에 비하여 월등히 높았으며 영양성장기부터 개화 후반결관까지 생육이 진전됨에 따라 잎과 줄기의 정유함율은 증가하였다. 2. 정유성분의 구성은 잎과 화수의 경우는 d-menthone과 l-pulegone이 56～71%의 함유 비율을 나타내었으며, 줄기는 21～26%의 함유비율을 보이고 잎과 화수에 거의 나타나지 않는 두 물질이 확인 되었다. 3. 잎의 정유성분구성은 생육후기로 갈수록 d-menthone은 생육초기에 많았다가 후기에 증가하는 반면에 l-pulegone은 점차 감소하여 두가지 주정유성분의 함유비율이 서로 반대로 나타났다. 4. 형개의 정유 성분 평가를 위하여 주요 성분의 생약 약리학적인 검토가 필요하다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2012

The volatile flavor compounds of the essential oils from Ixeris dentate (Thunb.) Nakai and I. stolonifera A. Gray were investigated. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation extraction method. Ninety-three volatile flavor components were identified from I. dentate (Thunb.) Nakai essential oil. Hexadecanoic acid(33.73%) was the most abundant compound, followed by (Z,Z,Z,)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid(18.59%), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanonel(10.39%) and phytol(5.21%). Ninety-seven volatile flavor components were identified from the essential oil of I. stolonifera A. Gray. Hexadecanoic acid was the most abundant component(39.7%), followed by (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid(12.63%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester(12.36%), pentacosane(5.2%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone(3.18%). The volatile composition of I. dentate (Thunb.) Nakai was characterized by higher contents of phytol and phthalides than those of I. stolonifera A. Gray. The volatile flavor composition of I. stolonifera A. Gray can easily be distinguished by the percentage of sesquiterpene compounds against I. dentate (Thunb.) Nakai essential oil.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.831-837
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• 2020

Let M be the exterior of a hyperbolic link K ∪ L in a homology 3-sphere Y, such that the linking number lk(K, L) is non-zero. In this note we prove that if γ is a slope in ∂N(L) such that the manifold ML(γ) obtained by γ-Dehn filling along ∂N(L) contains a Klein bottle, then there is a bound on Δ(μ, γ), depending on the genus of K and on lk(K, L).