• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.713-720
• /
• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the possible utilization of Ligustrum japonicum leaves as a source of functional ingredients. Contents of total phenolic compounds and condensed tannin were $0.89{\sim}1.53%$ and $0.10{\sim}0.13%$, respectively. The major flavonoid compounds in the leaves of L. japonicum were luteolin, apigenin and their glycosides. Tyrosol, t-cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, shikimic acid and protocatecuic acid were detected in free phenolic acid, while tyrosol, t-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, esculetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and hydroxytyrosol were detected in esterified phenolic acid. The insoluble phenolic acid contained tyrosol, t-cinnamic and p-caoumaric acid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1996.04a
• /
• pp.168-168
• /
• 1996

가는잎쇄기풀(Urtica angustifolia Fisch.)은 쇄기풀과(Urticaceae)에 속하는 다년생 초본으로 중약 또는 민간에서 동속 근연식물과 함께 전초를 담마라하여 류마치스성 동통, 산후의 산풍, 소아의 추풍, 경풍,담마진의 치료에 사용되고 있다. Rat에서 실험적 항당뇨 효과를 검토해본 결과 혈당강하 작용이 있는 본 식물로부터 그 혈당강하 성분의 분리에 앞서 식물화학 성분을 규명하고자 본 실험에 착수하였다. 가는잎쇄기풀 전초의 MeOH ex.를 CH$_2$Cl$_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOT 및 $H_2O$로 분획하고 각종 column chromatography를 통하여 다수의 화합물을 분리하였다. 각 화합물은 이화학적 성상 및 spectral data로부터 scopoletin, esculetin dimethyl ether(scoparone), sterol mixture, $\beta$-sitosteryl-3-o-glucoside, kaempferol-3-o-glucoside, quercetin-3-o-glucoside, kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside로 확인하였으며 그 외 다수의 화합물은 그 구조를 규명중이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2002

The fast-migrating cationic peroxidase isozyme, named RC3, was purified from rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nak-Dong) callus. Purification of the enzyme was accomplished by ammonium sulfate fractionation, CM-cellulose ionexchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration. The molecular mass of the enzyme was about 34 KDa as determined by SDS-PACE and 38 KDa by Sephacryl-100 gel filtration. The pI value of the enzyme was 8.9. Antiserum against RC3 was raised in rabbits, and anti RC3 antiserum reacted with RC3 isozyme by Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion. The optimum pHs and Km values of the enzyme for various substrates were determined. Kinetic studies with various substrates showed that RC3 had very low Km value of 0.01 mM for ferulic acid and ascorbic acid. However, the enzyme did not use esculetin as a substrate.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.195-198
• /
• 1976

Esculin, esculetin-6-glucoside, m.p. $206^{\circ}C$ was isolated from the fresh bark ok Fraxinus chiisanensis $N_{AKAI}$, one of the indigenous plant of the oleaceous family in Korea, in yield 0.09%.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.115-117
• /
• 1986

Some coumarins were sythesized for the screening of their cytotoxic activities against L1210 cell. Of the conmarins sythesized, 6, 7-dihydroxycoumarin (esculetin) and 7, 8-dihydroxycoumain (dephnetin) as coumarins with dioxygenated A-ring, and 6-acetoxy-5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin and5, 7-dimethoxy-6-hydroxycoumarin as trioxygenated ones, show considerable cytotoxic activities, ED 50 being 4. 3, 8. 8, 17.2 and 5.5 $\mu$g/ml in the same other as the substances. THe extent oxygenation of the A-ring and the positions of the oxygen functions eventually play an important role for the cytotoxic activity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 1990

A method was described for the analysis of Artemisia extract in cosmetic soap. Esculetin-6-methylether was used as indicator ingredient for analysis of Artemisia extract. It was isolated from the plant and purified with silicagel column. The structure was conformed with IR, NMR and MASS spectroscopy. The Artemisia extract in sample was isolated with chloroform and interfering com- pounds were eliminated with silicagel column. The Artemisia extract was determined by reverse phase high- performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector and a solvent system of H2O/THF/MeOH. The recorveries of Artemisia extract were 93.9-106.1% in the cosmetic soap.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2012

Eicosanoid mediates various cellular immune responses in insects. This study aimed to discover its novel action on the modulation of hemocyte populations in response to an immune challenge. Upon bacterial challenge, the last instar larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, increased their total hemocyte density in 2 h, and then decreased it to a basal hemocyte density level. This rapid increase in total hemocyte density was explained by an increase of plasmatocyte and spherulocyte densities. When larvae were treated with dexamethasone (a specific phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$) inhibitor), they did not show any increase in hemocyte density in response to bacterial challenge. However, the addition of arachidonic acid (a catalytic product of $PLA_2$) to larvae treated with dexamethasone recovered the up-regulation of hemocyte density in response to bacterial infection. Among eicosanoid, cyclooxygenase (COX), but not lipoxygenase (LOX), products seemed to mediate the increase of hemocyte density in response to bacterial infection because naproxene (a COX inhibitor) inhibited the hemocyte density increase, though esculetin (a LOX inhibitor) did not. Prostaglandin $E_2$, a COX product, significantly increased the hemocyte density even without bacterial infection. These results suggest that eicosaniod mediates a rapid increase in total hemocyte density in response to immune challenge.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.150-154
• /
• 2005

The radical scavenging effect of the MeOH extract of Fraxini Cortex on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical was examined. The $CH_2Cl_2$-and n-BuOH-soluble fractions of MeOH extract showed the promising DPPH radical scavenging effects, and further purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and reversed-phase C-18 MPLC to yield five coumarins, esculetin (1), fraxidin (2), fraxetin (3), fraxidin $8-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (fraxin methyl ether) (5), esculin (6), and a secoiridoid oleuropein (4), and a coumarin-secoiridoid escuside (7). Compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed potent DPPH radical scavenging effects, exhibiting $IC_{50}$ values of 14.68, 9.64, and $22.03\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Compounds 6 and 7 also showed moderate effects with $IC_{50}$ values of 147.79 and $72.73\;{\mu}M$, respectively. L-Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control and exhibited the $IC_{50}$ value of $50.31\;{\mu}M$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.38 no.3 s.150
• /
• pp.287-290
• /
• 2007

Phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of the dried stem barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance (Oleaceae), as guided by cytoprotective activity against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cell injury in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, furnished two coumarins, esculetin (1) and fraxetin (2). Compounds 1 and 2 had the significant cytoprotective effects on t-BHP-induced cellular oxidative injury in HT22 cells. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 showed potent DPPH radical scavenging effect, exhibiting $IC_{50}$ values of 14.68 and 9.64 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.236-241
• /
• 2013

A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was established for quantitative evaluation of nine constituents of Fraxinus rhynchophylla such as four coumarins, esculin (1), fraxin (2), esculetin (3), fraxetin (4), three lignans, syringaresinol 4,4'-O-${\beta}$-diglucoside (5), pinoresinol 4-O-${\beta}$-glucoside (6), pinoresinol (9), one secoiridoid, oleuropein (7), and one coumarinolignan, cleomiscosin C (8). The preferred chromatographic condition was obtained on Phenomenex Gemini-NX (3 ${\mu}m$, C18 110A, $150{\times}4.60$ mm) and the mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile using a gradient elution. The wavelength was set at 220 nm. Extraction condition of these constituents in F. rhynchophylla was also optimized through extraction time, extraction solvent and extraction method using established method. From this study, extraction at $70^{\circ}C$ with the mixture of ethanol and water for more than 12 h was suggested to be good extraction condition for these constituents. Quantitation of nine constituents in different F. rhynchophylla samples was also successfully accomplished with the newly established method.