• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

Saccharomyces cerevisiae의 고정화 및 현탁 세포로 구성된 연속식 생물반응기에서 에탄올 생성시 지질 첨가 영향을 연구하였다. 여러가지 배양조건하에서 에탄을 생산량 및 현탁 세포의 알코올 탈수소효소(alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH)의 비활성도를 측정하였다. 무통기 조건하에서 ergosterol과 oleic acid를 세포 배양액에 첨가하였을때, 에탄을 생산량과 균체 생육이 현저히 증가하였으나, 알코올 탈수소효소의 비활성도는 영향을 받지 않았다. 특히 무통기 조건 및 통기 조건하에서 얻어진 현탁 세포간의 알코올 탈수소효소의 비활성도는 차이가 없었다. 계면활성제 첨가시에도 에탄올 생성, 균체 생육, 알코올 탈수소효소의 비활성도가 크게 증가하였다. 고농도($40\;g/{\ell}$ 이상) 에탄올에 노출된 세포배양액에 ergosterol과 oletic acid 첨가시에도 에탄올 생성량, 균체 생육, 알코올 탈수소효소의 비활성도가 증가하였으나, 계면활성제 첨가시에는 효과가 없었다. 따라서, 지질 첨가효과는 저농도 에탄을 조건에 비해 고농도 에탄을 존재시 크게 작용하였다. 여러가지 매양조건에서 얻어진 현탁 세포의 알코올 탈수소효소의 isozyme patteren을 전기영동법에 의해 조사한 결과 ADH I으로 추정되는 한개의 isozyme만이 확인되었으며, isozyme의 이동거리는 세포의 배양조건에 따라 약간의 차이가 있었다. 에탄올 생성량과 알코올 탈수소효소의 비활성도사이의 상관관계는 성립되지 않았으며, 알코올 탈수소효소의 비활성도보다는 균체량이 에탄올 생성에 더 중요한 인자로 작용하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1339-1344
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• 2013

We have synthesized several glycosyl ergosterols and 5,6-dihydroergosterols (DHE) and examined their effects on production of nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS protein expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our results showed that DHE derivatives inhibited production of NO and iNOS protein expression more strongly than ergosterol derivative. Especially, DHE-Glc exhibited most potent inhibitory activity without cytotoxicity up to the concentration of $100{\mu}M$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.109-112
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• 2013

Azole fungicides are one of the most wide-spread antifungal compounds in agriculture and pharmaceutical applications. Their major mode of action is the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, giving depletion of ergosterol, precursors and abnormal steroids. However, metabolic consequences of such inhibition, other than steroidal metabolitesare not well established. Comprehensive metabolic profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been presented in this study. Wild type yeast was treated either with glucose as control or azole fungicide (ketoconazole). Both polar metabolites and lipids were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Approximately over 180 metabolites were characterized, among which 18 of them were accumulated or depleted by fungicide treatment. Steroid profile gives the most prominent differences, including the accumulation of lanosterol and the depletion of zymosterol and ergosterol. However, the polar metabolite profile was also highly different in pesticide treatment. The concentration of proline and its precursors, glutamate and ornithine were markedly reduced by ketoconazole. Lysine and glycine level was also decreased while the concentrations of serine and homoserine were increased. The overall metabolic profile indicates that azole fungicide treatment induces the depletion of many polar metabolites, which are important in stress response.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2006

새송이버섯으로부터 활성추적법으로 항암활성이 있는 물질인 에르고스테롤 프록사이드를 분리하였다. 이 스테롤의 구조는 분광법과 NMR법으로 확인하였으며 분자식은 $C_{28}H_{44}O_3$이었다. 폐암과 난소암에 $IC_{50}$값은 각각 $7{\mu}M$과 $14{\mu}M$이었다. DNA단편화 실험에서 이 화합물은 암세포의 chromosimal DNA 를 사닥다리모양으로 분해하였고, 세포 분열주기의 억제실험에서 G1단계를 억제함을 관찰하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.541-545
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• 2005

Flowers of Erigeron annuus L. were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H$_2$O. Repeated silica gel and OD S column chromatography of the EtOAc fraction led to the isolation of a sterol, through activityguided fractionation, using ACAT inhibitory activity measurements. From the physico-chemical data, including NMR, MS, and IR, the chemical structure of the compound was determined to be an ergosterol peroxide (1), which has been isolated for the first time from this plant. This compound exhibited hACAT-1 and Lp-PLA$_2$ inhibitory effects, with inhibitory values of 51.6 ${\pm}$ 0.9 and 51 .7 ${\pm}$ 1.2%, at a treatment concentration of 0.23 mM.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.396-406
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• 2016

Continuous supplementation of mineral nutrients and salicylic acid (SA) as foliar application could improve efficacy in controlling basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm seedling. It is revealed from the results that the highest disease severity index (58.3%) was recorded in T8 treatments at 9 months after inoculation. The best disease control was achieved by T7 treatments (calcium/copper/SA [Ca/Cu/SA]) (5.0%) followed by T1 (5.5%), T5 (5.8%), T3 (8.3%), T6 (8.3%), T4 (13.3%), and T2 (15.8%) treatments. Continuous supplementation of Ca/Cu/SA was found to be the most effective in controlling the disease and the high performance liquid chromatography results showed the detection of ergosterol at very low concentration in the treated samples. Moreover, the transmission electron microscopy analysis results clearly indicated that T7 treatment was also enhancing lignification, which was responsible for the thickness of the secondary cell walls and middle lamella compared to untreated samples. It was therefore, concluded that continuous supplementation of minerals nutrients and SA could effectively suppress disease severity by reducing ergosterol activity and also improve the process of lignification in the treated plants. Furthermore, this treatment also managed to delay the onset of BSR symptoms and promote the growth of the seedlings and eventually suppress the BSR disease.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.829-833
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• 2004

The bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methylene chloride extract of the sclerotium of Poria cocos led to the isolation of (S)-(＋)-turmerone (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), polyporenic acid C (3), dehydropachymic acid (4), pachymic acid (5), and tumulosic acid (6). Compounds 4-6 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities, with $IC_{50}$ values of 20.5, 29.1, and $10.4{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively, against a human colon carcinoma cell line. However, 3-6 not only showed inhibitory activities as potent as etoposide used as a positive control on DNA topoisomerase II (36.1, 36.2, 43.9 and 66.7％ inhibition at a concentration of $20{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively), but also inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I (55.8, 60.7, 43.5, and 83.3％ inhibition at a concentration of $100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$, respec-tively).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.290-295
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• 1994

Micelle, liposome and polyethylene glycol(PEG) were employed to reduce the cell mem- brane toxicity of Amphotericin B(Amp. B). Cholesterol-sulfate which can form a mixed micelle with Amp. B molecules was found very effective for the reduction of Amp. B toxicity. 0.01% of cholesterol-sulfate could reduce the toxicity of 5X 10$^{-6}$ M Amp. B by 90%. The required concent- ration of cholesterol-sulfate for the toxicity reduction was proportionally increased with increasing Amp. B concentration. PEG was also effective on the reduction of Amp. B toxicity. 2% PEG was required for the reduction of toxicity by 50%, regardless of Amp. B concentration. The liposome system showed an effective reduction of Amp. B toxicity on RBC, maintaining the antibiotic effect on Candida albicans as free drugs. This seems to be due to the fact that liposome bilayer plays a role of buffer system between ergosterol of fungi cell membrane and cholesterol of red blood cell membrane, which leads the redistribution of Amp. B between them, as the result, the reduction of drug toxicity on cell membrane.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권3호
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• pp.434-442
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• 2015

본 연구는 표고버섯의 지면 톱밥균상재배 과정과 버섯수확량을 구명하였다. 이 톱밥 균상재배는 봉지를 사용하지 않고, 살균된 톱밥과 표고의 톱밥종균을 3:1로 섞어서 지면에 두께 약 10 cm의 균상을 만들어 재배하는 방법이다. 톱밥배지는, 함수율을 65%로 맞추고 $65^{\circ}C$에서 저온살균 후 종균을 접종하고 지면에 약 10 cm 두께의 균상으로 만들고 보습과 보온을 위하여 유공비닐로 덮어두었다. 이 배지는 배양 78일 후에, 함수율이 61~72%, pH는 5.6에서 3.9~4.6로 낮아졌다. 배양기간중 배지내 에르고스테롤 농도는 $0.33{\sim}0.59{\mu}g/g$로 변동이 있었다. 지면배지를 입상한 후 2주 만에 이산화탄소 농도는 약 8.06%까지 급격히 증가하였다. 7주차에는 배지표면이 갈변되기 시작하였고, 이산화탄소 농도는 11주차까지 6~7%를 유지하였다. 그 후 지면배지의 표면비닐을 제거한 12주차부터는 통기성이 증대하여 이산화탄소가 1.5% 이하로 급격히 감소하였다. 이 재배사내 온도는 $7.1{\sim}29^{\circ}C$, 습도는 27.3~100%였고, 톱밥배지내의 온도 변화범위는 $11.6{\sim}30^{\circ}C$였다. 이 지면 재배에서 표고수확은, 입상 약 120일 후인 7월 말경부터 시작되었고, 그 후 약 100일 동안, 즉 12월초까지 8주기에 걸쳐 관수관리하면서 이루어졌다. 이 재배에서 주기별 총 표고수확량은 1주기(7/29~8/4)에 352 kg, 2주기(8/17~8/22)에 288 kg, 3주기(9/3~9/7)에 320 kg, 4주기(9/19~9/24)에 800 kg, 5주기(10/3~10/8)에 1,296 kg, 6주기(10/17~10/22)에 1,853 kg, 7주기(11/4~11/9)에 1,476 kg, 마지막 8주기(11/23~12/7)에 990 kg이었다. 농장 전체는 약 33.0톤의 톱밥배지에서 약 7.4톤의 표고를 수확하여 지면 톱밥균상재배의 표고생산 효율은 약 22.4%였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.267-279
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• 1992

The relationship between pb, zn, cd, and the microbial biomass and activity were investigated in three public park soils of central and outer london. Variability with distance from the roadside and profile were studied. The heavey metal concentrations were the highest in hampstead heath and hyde park with high trafic density and the lowest in hainault. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found adjacent to the roadside in the upper parts of the soil profile. Dehydrogenase activity, adenosine tri-phosphate and ergosterol contents used as indices of micrbial biomass and activity, were generally higher in hainadult, and also higher in the upper pats of the soil profile. Simple regression analysis indicated that the microbial biomass and activity were affected significantly by moisture content, water holding capacity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and organic mater rather than heavy metal concentration. Highest inputs of nitrogen and carbon were associated with high inputs of heavey metals, all three being derived from vehicle emissions adjacent to the road. The hyde park and hampstead heath microbial populations were able to respond to the c and n input positively by increase in biomass and activity, whereas the hainault populations could not. This rsult suggrsts adaptation in he former to heavy matals, but not in the latter.