• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1177-1181
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• 2003

Chinese cabbage is a vegetable of Cruciferous family. It was usually consumed as Kimchi. It was known to have amount of vitamin c. Recently the trend for the development of functional food combined with oriental herbs. For this aim the study was performed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect via antioxidant activity of leaf and root of Sanchon Chinese cabbage(Brassica campetris L.) comparatively. The methanol extracts of Chinese cabbage were tested for investigating the effects on the formation of lipid peroxide and the activities of free radical generating enzyme in vitro in bromobenzene-treated rats. The methanol extracts of chinese cabbage reduced bromobenzene-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase. The methanol extracts of chinese cabbage did not activate amionopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and glutathione S-transferase. Epoxide hydrolase activity was decreased by bromobenzene, which was restored by pretreatment of the methanol extracts of chinese cabbage. The results suggest that the methanol extracts of Chinese cabbage is reduced by enhancing the activity of epoxide hydrolase.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.562-567
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• 2007

키랄성 에폭사이드는 키랄중간체나 여러 출발물질로서 다양하게 이용되기 때문에 입체선택적인 합성방법은 학술적으로나 산업적인 관점에서 대단히 흥미롭다. 본 연구에서는 염화탈륨(III) 및 염화철(III)을 함유한 고분자형의 키랄성 코발트 살렌 촉매를 새로이 합성하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. 합성한 촉매는 여러 종류의 라세믹 에폭사이드 유도체의 가수분해의 속도차에 의한 비대칭 고리열림반응과 페놀 친핵체에 한 에폭사이드 산소 고리 열림반응에 적용하여 그 활성과 선택성을 조사하였다. 합성이 용이한 고분자구조의 살렌착체 촉매는 물과 페놀류를 친핵체로 하는 라세믹 에폭사이드의 고리 열림을 통하여 98% ee 이상을 나타낼 정도의 매우 높은 광학선택성을 보였다. 본 연구에서 적용한 촉매시스템은 키랄 에폭사이드, 1,2-디올 중간체 및 아릴옥시알코올 유도체의 제조에 매우 효과적이었다

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1980

한국산 시판(市販) 우유(牛乳)중 유기염소계(有機鹽素系) 살충제의 잔류(殘溜) 실태(實態)를 분석(分析)하고 그의 위해(危害)여부를 평가(評價)한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전국 주요 도시에서 수집한 시판(市販) 우유(牛乳) 66개 시료중 지방(脂肪) 함량은 $2.65{\sim}3.87%$ 범위(3.35% 평균)이었으며 유기 염소계 농약의 평균(平均) 잔류(殘留)량(量)은 지방(脂肪) 기준(전유(全乳) 기준)으로 ${\alpha}-BHC$ 0.196ppm (0.0066ppm), ${\beta}-BHC$ 0.159ppm (0.0055ppm), heptachlor epoxide and 0.055ppm (0.0022 ppm), DDE 0.042ppm (0.0015ppm), heptachlor, DDT, 드린제(濟)는 불검출(不檢出)이었다. 이와 같은 잔류(殘溜) 수준(水準)은 일본에서의 잔류(殘留) 허용량(許容量)의 $1/10{\sim}1/50$에 해당되는 양이므로 식품(食品) 위생적(衛生的)인 관점에서 크게 우려 할 바가 아닌 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.762-766
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• 1990

버터에 함유된 콜레스테롤의 산화안정성에 대한 저장조건의 영향을 연구하기 위하여 버터를 포장한 것과 포장하지 않은 것을 저온과 상온에서 암소와 광원(형광등 및 자외선등)으로 조사하면서 각각 일정기간 저장하는 동안 생성되는 콜레스테롤 산화물을 TLC에 의하여 분리 확인하였다. 포장한 버터를 상온과 저온의 암소에서, 같은 조건에서 형광등과 자외선등으로 조사하면서 각각 8주간 저장 하였을 경우 콜레스테롤 산화물은 검출되지 않았다. 또한, 포장하지 않은 버터를 상온과 저온의 암소에서 저장하였을 경우 6주까지는 콜레스테롤 산화물이 검출되지 않았으나 8주 후에는 미량의 $7{\alpha}$- 및 $7{\beta}-hydroxycholesterol$이 검출되었다. 그러나 포장하지 않은 버터를 상온에서 자외선등으로 조사하였을 때는 저장 2주에, 같은 조건에서 형광등으로 조사하였을 때는 저장 6주에 각각 $7{\alpha}-hydroxycholesterol,\;7{\beta}-hydroxycholesterol$, cholestane-triol, cholesterol epoxide가 검출되었으며, 그 생성량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2010

Sea-urchins (Anthocidaris crassispina) are widely distributed in the East Sea of Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of sea-urchin roe on bromobenzene (BB)-induced liver damage in rats. The antioxidative and detoxifying properties of sea-urchin roe in BB-poisoned rat liver was examined by chemical analysis of serum aminotransferase (AST, ALT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase, epoxide hydrolase, amino-N-demethylase (AD), aniline hydrolase (AH) enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxide and glutathione contents. Sea-urchin roe inhibited the increase of serum AST, ALT enzyme activity. Increasing lipid peroxide contents and AD and AH activities were significantly decreased in ethanol extract of sea-urchin roe. GST, $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase and epoxide hydrolase enzyme activities increased in sea-urchin roe-fed group, compared with the BB-treated group. These results suggest that sea-urchin roe facilitates recovery from liver damage by enhancing antioxidative defense mechanisms and hepatic detoxication metabolism.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-65
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• 1998

Holotrichia was tested for the effects on damages of liver tissue induced by bromobenzene. Holotrichia was treated firstly into samples, and then bromobenzene intoxicated animal models were set with them. In vitro, the level of lipid peroxide in tissue of liver proportinally decreased with the level of concentration of extract prepared from Holotrichia It was much more decreased, when lipid peroxidation was induced with ferrous iron ($Fe&{+2}$). In vivo, after the extract was administered to the animal model for twenty days, the level of lipid peroxide in liver decreased compared to that of bromobenzene-treated group. The enzyme activities of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in liver highly increased in Holotrichia pre-medicating group compare with the group treated with only bromobenzene. And we can get the same results in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The level of glutathione followed by Holotrichia pre-medicationg administration, increased as highly as normal group in compare with the group treated with only bromobenzene. Also, the enzyme activities of AL T, AST and $\{gammer}-GTP$ in liver considerably decreased. In conclusion, Holotrichia recovers the damage of liver due to bromobenzene intoxication by the increased activities of lipid peroxidation and bromobenzene scavenging enzymes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2013

Thiol-ene polymerization is a versatile tool for several applications. Here we report the preparation of epoxide groups containing thiol-ene photocurable polymeric support and the covalent immobilization of ${\alpha}$-amylase onto these polymeric materials. The morphology of the polymeric support was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) coupled with SEM was used to explore the chemical composition. The polymeric support and the immobilization of the enzyme were characterized by FTIR analysis. SEM-EDS and FTIR results showed that the enzyme was successfully covalently attached to the polymeric support. The immobilization efficiency and enzyme activity of ${\alpha}$-amylase were examined at various pH (5.0-8.0) and temperature ($30-80^{\circ}C$) values. The storage stability and reusability of immobilized ${\alpha}$-amylase were investigated. The immobilization yield was $276{\pm}1.6$ mg per gram of polymeric support. Enzyme assays demonstrated that the immobilized enzyme exhibited better thermostability than the free one. The storage stability and reusability were improved by the immobilization on this enzyme support. Free enzyme lost its activity completely within 15 days. On the other hand, the immobilized enzyme retained 86.7% of its activity after 30 days. These results confirm that ${\alpha}$-amylase was successfully immobilized and gained a more stable character compared with the free one.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2006

We reported previously that glucagon decreased alpha- and pi-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEN) protein levels in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. The present study examines the effects of Protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, KT5720, on the glucagon-mediated decrease in expression of GSTs and mEN. To assess cell viability. lactate dehydrogenase release and MTT activity were examined in hepatocytes treated KT5720. Cell viability was significantly decreased in a concentration dependent manner after incubation with KT5720 at the concentrations of 1 $\mu$M or above for 24 h, which was inhibited by the cytochrome P450 inhibitor SKF-525A. In contrast, another PKA inhibitor H89 (up to 25 $\mu$M) was not toxic to hepatocytes. The glucagon-mediated decrease in expression of alpha- and pi-class GSTs and mEH was completely inhibited by 25 $\mu$M H89 and attenuated by 0.1 $\mu$M KT5720. This study demonstrates that KT5720 may cause cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes through cytochrome P450-dependent bioactivation. The present study implicates PKA in mediating the inhibitory effect of glucagon on expression of alpha- and pi- class GSTs and mEH.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.300-307
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• 2000

Expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes can be altered by xenobiotics, which represents changes in the production of reactive metabolic intermediates as well as toxicities in tissues. Metabolic intermediates derived from xenobiotics are considered to produce the reactive oxygen species including drug free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, which would be ultimately responsible for drug-induced toxicities. The effects of 1,2-benzothiazine anti-inflammatory agents on the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes including major cytochrome P450s, microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were studied in the liver with the aim of providing the part of information on potential production of reactive metabolites and hepatotoxicity by the agents. The synthetic compounds 24, 36 and 39 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in rats as assessed by the Randall-Selitto method. The anti-inflammatory effect was detected as early as at 30 min after gavaging the agents with the ED5O being noted at 80 mg/kg, which was comparable to that of ibuprofen. Treatment of rats with each compound (100 mg/kg, 3d) resulted in no significant induction in the immunochemically-detectable cytochromes P45O 1A1/2, P450 2B1/2, P45O 2 Cl1 and P45O 2El. Changes in the mEN expression were also minimal, as evidenced by both Western blot and Northern blot analyses. Hepatic GST expression was slightly increased by the agents: GST Ya protein and mRNA expression was ～1.5-fold increased after treatment with compounds 24 and 39, whereas GST Yb1/2 and Yc1/2 mRNA levels were elevated 2- to 3-fold. In summary the effects of the synthetic 1,2-benzothiazines on the expression of major P45O, mEH and G57 were not significant, providing evidence that metabolic activation of the agents, potential drug interaction and hepatotoxicity would be minimal.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.788-793
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• 2003

Rhodosporidium toruloides SJ-4의 epoxide hydrolase의 입체선택적 가수분해 반응을 이용하여 hollow-fiber 반응기에서 라세믹 phenyl oxirane 기질로부터 광학활성 phenyl oxirane을 생산하였다. 라세믹 에폭사이드 기질의 수용액 상에서의 낮은 용해도로 인한 저농도 반응의 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 dodecane 유기용매에 용해시켜 lumen 부위로 공급하였으며, 생촉매인 R. toruloides 세포 현탁액은 수용액강인 shell 부위에 위치시킴으로써 유기용매 사용에 따른 생촉매 활성 저하를 줄인 1단계 반응기 시스템에서는 200 mM의 고농도에서 (S)-phenyl oxirane을 생산할 수 있었다. 또한, 반응 산물로 생성되는 diol에 의한 생촉매 활성저해효과를 감소시키기 위하여 2단계 hollow-fiber 반응기에서는 완충용액을 이용하여 diol을 제거시킨 결과 300 mM에서 EH 활성을 이용한 입체선택적 가수분해반응을 수행할 수 있었으며, 200∼300 mM의 고농도 라세믹 기질로부터 99% ee 이상의 광학순도를 가진 (S)-phenyl oxirane을 이론 수율 대비 12∼35% 수율로 얻을 수 있었다.